The Oxford 3000 words

The Oxford 3000 is a list of the 3,000 core words that every learner of English needs to know. The words have been chosen based on their frequency in the Oxford English Corpus and relevance to learners of English. Every word is aligned to the CEFR, guiding learners on the words they should know at A1-B2 level.

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a (indefinite article)

UK /ə/US /ə/

indefinite articleA1

used before countable or singular nouns referring to people or things that have not already been mentionedvolume_up

a man/horse/unitvolume_up

abandon (verb)

UK /əˈbændən/US /əˈbændən/

verbB2

to leave somebody, especially somebody you are responsible for, with no intention of returningvolume_up

The baby had been abandoned by its mother.volume_up

ability (noun)

UK /əˈbɪləti/US /əˈbɪləti/

nounA2

the fact that somebody/something is able to do somethingvolume_up

People with the disease may lose their ability to communicate.volume_up

able (adjective)

UK /ˈeɪbl/US /ˈeɪbl/

adjectiveA2

to have the skill, intelligence, opportunity, etc. needed to do somethingvolume_up

You must be able to speak French for this job.volume_up

about (preposition)

UK /əˈbaʊt/US /əˈbaʊt/

adverbA1

a little more or less than; a little before or aftervolume_up

It costs about $10.volume_up

prepositionA1

on the subject of somebody/something; in connection with somebody/somethingvolume_up

a book about flowersvolume_up

above (preposition)

UK /əˈbʌv/US /əˈbʌv/

adverbA1

at or to a higher placevolume_up

Put it on the shelf above.volume_up

prepositionA1

at or to a higher place or position than something/somebodyvolume_up

The water came above our knees.volume_up

abroad (adverb)

UK /əˈbrɔːd/US /əˈbrɔːd/

adverbA2

in or to a foreign countryvolume_up

to go/travel/live/study abroadvolume_up

absolute (adjective)

UK /ˈæbsəluːt/US /ˈæbsəluːt/

adjectiveB2

total and completevolume_up

I've joined a class for absolute beginners.volume_up

absolutely (adverb)

UK /ˈæbsəluːtli/US /ˈæbsəluːtli/

adverbB1

used to emphasize that something is completely truevolume_up

You're absolutely right.volume_up

academic (noun)

UK /ˌækəˈdemɪk/US /ˌækəˈdemɪk/

adjectiveB1

connected with education, especially studying in schools and universitiesvolume_up

high/low academic standardsvolume_up

nounB2

a person who teaches and/or does research at a university or collegevolume_up

a leading/distinguished/prominent academicvolume_up

accept (verb)

UK /əkˈsept/US /əkˈsept/

verbA2

to take willingly something that is offered; to say ‘yes’ to an offer, invitation, etc.volume_up

He asked me to marry him and I accepted.volume_up

acceptable (adjective)

UK /əkˈseptəbl/US /əkˈseptəbl/

adjectiveB2

agreed or approved of by most people in a societyvolume_up

Children must learn socially acceptable behaviour.volume_up

access (verb)

UK /ˈækses/US /ˈækses/

nounB1

the opportunity or right to use something or to see somebody/somethingvolume_up

High-speed internet access has become a necessity.volume_up

verbB1

to open a computer file or use a computer systemvolume_up

Most people use their phones to access the internet.volume_up

accident (noun)

UK /ˈæksɪdənt/US /ˈæksɪdənt/

nounA2

an unpleasant event, especially in a vehicle, that happens unexpectedly and causes injury or damagevolume_up

a car/road/traffic accidentvolume_up

accommodation (noun)

UK /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/US /əˌkɑːməˈdeɪʃn/

nounB1

a place to live, work or stay involume_up

rented/temporary accommodationvolume_up

accompany (verb)

UK /əˈkʌmpəni/US /əˈkʌmpəni/

verbB2

to travel or go somewhere with somebody/somethingvolume_up

His wife accompanied him on the trip.volume_up

according to (preposition)

UK /əˈkɔːdɪŋ tə/US /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tə/

prepositionA2

as stated or reported by somebody/somethingvolume_up

According to Mick, it's a great movie.volume_up

account (verb)

UK /əˈkaʊnt/US /əˈkaʊnt/

nounB1

an arrangement that somebody has with a bank, etc. to keep money there, take some out, etc.volume_up

I don't have a bank account.volume_up

verbB2

to have the opinion that somebody/something is a particular thingvolume_up

In English law a person is accounted innocent until they are proved guilty.volume_up

accurate (adjective)

UK /ˈækjərət/US /ˈækjərət/

adjectiveB2

correct and true in every detailvolume_up

an accurate description/picture of somethingvolume_up

accuse (verb)

UK /əˈkjuːz/US /əˈkjuːz/

verbB2

to say that somebody has done something wrong or is guilty of somethingvolume_up

to accuse somebody of murder/a crimevolume_up

achieve (verb)

UK /əˈtʃiːv/US /əˈtʃiːv/

verbA2

to succeed in reaching a particular goal, status or standard, especially by making an effort for a long timevolume_up

He had finally achieved success.volume_up

achievement (noun)

UK /əˈtʃiːvmənt/US /əˈtʃiːvmənt/

nounB1

a thing that somebody has done successfully, especially using their own effort and skillvolume_up

the greatest scientific achievement of the decadevolume_up

acknowledge (verb)

UK /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/US /əkˈnɑːlɪdʒ/

verbB2

to accept that something is truevolume_up

She refuses to acknowledge the need for reform.volume_up

acquire (verb)

UK /əˈkwaɪə(r)/US /əˈkwaɪər/

verbB2

to gain something by your own efforts, ability or behaviourvolume_up

She has acquired a good knowledge of English.volume_up

across (preposition)

UK /əˈkrɒs/US /əˈkrɔːs/

adverbA1

from one side to the other sidevolume_up

It's too wide. We can't swim across.volume_up

prepositionA1

from one side to the other side of somethingvolume_up

He walked across the field.volume_up

act (verb)

UK /ækt/US /ækt/

nounB1

a particular thing that somebody doesvolume_up

You have committed a serious criminal act.volume_up

verbA2

to do something for a particular purpose or in order to deal with a situationvolume_up

It is vital that we act to stop the destruction of the rainforests.volume_up

action (noun)

UK /ˈækʃn/US /ˈækʃn/

nounA1

the process of doing something in order to make something happen or to deal with a situationvolume_up

The time has come for action if these beautiful animals are to survive.volume_up

active (adjective)

UK /ˈæktɪv/US /ˈæktɪv/

adjectiveA2

always busy doing things, especially physical activitiesvolume_up

Staying physically active in later years can also keep you feeling younger.volume_up

activity (noun)

UK /ækˈtɪvəti/US /ækˈtɪvəti/

nounA1

a thing that you do for interest or pleasurevolume_up

leisure/outdoor/recreational activitiesvolume_up

actor (noun)

UK /ˈæktə(r)/US /ˈæktər/

nounA1

a person who performs on the stage, on television or in films, especially as a professionvolume_up

Both lead actors (= the ones who play the main parts) are outstanding.volume_up

actress (noun)

UK /ˈæktrəs/US /ˈæktrəs/

nounA1

a woman who performs on the stage, on television or in films, especially as a professionvolume_up

The Oscar-winning actress has taken a break from acting.volume_up

actual (adjective)

UK /ˈæktʃuəl/US /ˈæktʃuəl/

adjectiveB2

used to emphasize something that is real or exists in factvolume_up

James looks younger than his wife but in actual fact (= really) he is five years older.volume_up

actually (adverb)

UK /ˈæktʃuəli/US /ˈæktʃuəli/

adverbA2

used in speaking to emphasize a fact or a comment, or that something is really truevolume_up

What did she actually say?volume_up

ad (noun)

UK /æd/US /æd/

nounB1

a notice, picture or film telling people about a product, job or servicevolume_up

The TV ads were first run last year.volume_up

adapt (verb)

UK /əˈdæpt/US /əˈdæpt/

verbB2

to change your behaviour in order to deal more successfully with a new situationvolume_up

It's amazing how soon you adapt.volume_up

add (verb)

UK /æd/US /æd/

verbA1

to put something together with something else so as to increase the size, number, amount, etc.volume_up

Next add the flour.volume_up

addition (noun)

UK /əˈdɪʃn/US /əˈdɪʃn/

nounB1

a thing that is added to something elsevolume_up

All of these technologies are fairly recent additions.volume_up

additional (adjective)

UK /əˈdɪʃənl/US /əˈdɪʃənl/

adjectiveB2

more than was first mentioned or is usualvolume_up

additional resources/funds/security/funding/costsvolume_up

address (verb)

UK /əˈdres/US /əˈdres/

nounA1

details of where somebody lives or works and where letters, etc. can be sentvolume_up

What's your name and address?volume_up

verbB2

to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with itvolume_up

Your essay does not address the real issues.volume_up

administration (noun)

UK /ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn/US /ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn/

nounB2

the activities that are done in order to plan, organize and run a business, school or other institutionvolume_up

Administration costs are passed on to the customer.volume_up

admire (verb)

UK /ədˈmaɪə(r)/US /ədˈmaɪər/

verbB1

to respect somebody for what they have done or to respect their qualitiesvolume_up

I really admire your enthusiasm.volume_up

admit (verb)

UK /ədˈmɪt/US /ədˈmɪt/

verbB1

to agree, often unwillingly, that something is truevolume_up

I admit.volume_up

adopt (verb)

UK /əˈdɒpt/US /əˈdɑːpt/

verbB2

to take somebody else’s child into your family and become its legal parent(s)volume_up

a campaign to encourage childless couples to adoptvolume_up

adult (noun)

UK /ˈædʌlt/US /əˈdʌlt/

adjectiveA2

fully grown or developedvolume_up

preparing young people for adult lifevolume_up

nounA1

a fully grown person who is legally responsible for their actionsvolume_up

Children must be accompanied by an adult.volume_up

advance (verb)

UK /ədˈvɑːns/US /ədˈvæns/

adjectiveB2

done or given before something is going to happenvolume_up

Please give us advance warning of any changes.volume_up

nounB2

progress or a development in a particular activity or area of understandingvolume_up

We live in an age of rapid technological advance.volume_up

verbB2

if knowledge, technology, etc. advances, it develops and improvesvolume_up

Technology is advancing at an incredibly rapid pace.volume_up

advanced (adjective)

UK /ədˈvɑːnst/US /ədˈvænst/

adjectiveB1

having the most modern and recently developed ideas, methods, etc.volume_up

Scientists are working on highly advanced technology to replace fossil fuels.volume_up

advantage (noun)

UK /ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/US /ədˈvæntɪdʒ/

nounA2

a thing that helps you to be better or more successful than other peoplevolume_up

a distinct/significant/huge advantagevolume_up

adventure (noun)

UK /ədˈventʃə(r)/US /ədˈventʃər/

nounA2

an unusual, exciting or dangerous experience, journey or series of eventsvolume_up

her adventures travelling in Africavolume_up

advertise (verb)

UK /ˈædvətaɪz/US /ˈædvərtaɪz/

verbA2

to tell the public about a product or a service in order to encourage people to buy or to use itvolume_up

If you want to attract customers you need to advertise.volume_up

advertisement (noun)

UK /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/US /ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt/

nounA2

a notice, picture or film telling people about a product, job or servicevolume_up

a newspaper/television advertisementvolume_up

advertising (noun)

UK /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ/US /ˈædvərtaɪzɪŋ/

nounA2

the activity and industry of advertising things to people on television, in newspapers, on the internet, etc.volume_up

Cigarette advertising has been banned.volume_up

advice (noun)

UK /ədˈvaɪs/US /ədˈvaɪs/

nounA1

an opinion or a suggestion about what somebody should do in a particular situationvolume_up

expert/practical/professional/medical advicevolume_up

advise (verb)

UK /ədˈvaɪz/US /ədˈvaɪz/

verbB1

to tell somebody what you think they should do in a particular situationvolume_up

I would strongly advise against going out on your own.volume_up

affair (noun)

UK /əˈfeə(r)/US /əˈfer/

nounB2

events that are of public interest or political importancevolume_up

world/international affairsvolume_up

affect (verb)

UK /əˈfekt/US /əˈfekt/

verbA2

to produce a change in somebody/somethingvolume_up

How will these changes affect us?volume_up

afford (verb)

UK /əˈfɔːd/US /əˈfɔːrd/

verbB1

to have enough money to be able to buy or do somethingvolume_up

Can we afford a new car?volume_up

afraid (adjective)

UK /əˈfreɪd/US /əˈfreɪd/

adjectiveA1

feeling fear; frightened because you think that you might be hurt or suffervolume_up

Don't be afraid.volume_up

after (preposition)

UK /ˈɑːftə(r)/US /ˈæftər/

adverbA2

later in time; afterwardsvolume_up

I heard that he'd died.volume_up

conjunctionA2

at a time later than something; when something has finishedvolume_up

I'll call you after I've spoken to them.volume_up

prepositionA1

later than something; following something in timevolume_up

We'll leave after lunch.volume_up

afternoon (noun)

UK /ˌɑːftəˈnuːn/US /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

nounA1

the period of time from 12 o'clock in the middle of the day until about 6 o’clock in the eveningvolume_up

this/yesterday/tomorrow afternoonvolume_up

afterwards (adverb)

UK /ˈɑːftəwədz/US /ˈæftərwərdz/

adverbB2

at a later time; after an event that has already been mentionedvolume_up

Afterwards she was sorry for what she'd said.volume_up

again (adverb)

UK /əˈɡen/US /əˈɡen/

adverbA1

one more time; on another occasionvolume_up

This must never happen again.volume_up

against (preposition)

UK /əˈɡenst/US /əˈɡenst/

prepositionA2

opposing or disagreeing with somebody/somethingvolume_up

the fight against terrorismvolume_up

age (verb)

UK /eɪdʒ/US /eɪdʒ/

nounA1

the number of years that a person has lived or a thing has existedvolume_up

You're the same age as my brother.volume_up

verbB1

to become oldervolume_up

As he aged, his memory got worse.volume_up

aged (adjective)

UK /eɪdʒd/US /eɪdʒd/

adjectiveB1

of the age ofvolume_up

They have two children aged six and nine.volume_up

agency (noun)

UK /ˈeɪdʒənsi/US /ˈeɪdʒənsi/

nounB2

a business or an organization that provides a particular service especially when representing other businesses or organizationsvolume_up

She works for an advertising agency.volume_up

agenda (noun)

UK /əˈdʒendə/US /əˈdʒendə/

nounB2

a list of items to be discussed at a meetingvolume_up

We have a very full agenda of issues to discuss.volume_up

agent (noun)

UK /ˈeɪdʒənt/US /ˈeɪdʒənt/

nounB1

a person whose job is to act for, or manage the affairs of, other people in business, politics, etc.volume_up

Our agent in New York deals with all US sales.volume_up

aggressive (adjective)

UK /əˈɡresɪv/US /əˈɡresɪv/

adjectiveB2

angry, and behaving in a threatening way; ready to attackvolume_up

Seals have been known to exhibit aggressive behaviour towards swimmers.volume_up

ago (adverb)

UK /əˈɡəʊ/US /əˈɡəʊ/

adverbA1

used in expressions of time with the simple past tense to show how far in the past something happenedvolume_up

two weeks/months/years agovolume_up

agree (verb)

UK /əˈɡriː/US /əˈɡriː/

verbA1

to have the same opinion as somebody; to say that you have the same opinionvolume_up

I had to agree.volume_up

agreement (noun)

UK /əˈɡriːmənt/US /əˈɡriːmənt/

nounB1

an arrangement, a promise or a contract made with somebodyvolume_up

an international peace agreementvolume_up

ah (exclamation)

UK /ɑː/US /ɑː/

exclamationA2

used to express surprise, pleasure or sympathy, or when you disagree with somebodyvolume_up

Ah, there you are!volume_up

ahead (adverb)

UK /əˈhed/US /əˈhed/

adverbB1

further forward in space or time; in frontvolume_up

I'll run ahead and warn them.volume_up

aid (verb)

UK /eɪd/US /eɪd/

nounB2

money, food, etc. that is sent to help countries in difficult situationsvolume_up

humanitarian/food/medical aidvolume_up

verbB2

to help somebody/something to do something, especially by making it easiervolume_up

The test is designed to aid in the diagnosis of various diseases.volume_up

aim (verb)

UK /eɪm/US /eɪm/

nounB1

the purpose of doing something; what somebody is trying to achievevolume_up

the stated aims of the studyvolume_up

verbB1

to try or plan to achieve somethingvolume_up

He has always aimed high (= tried to achieve a lot).volume_up

air (noun)

UK /eə(r)/US /er/

nounA1

the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth and that we breathevolume_up

Let's go out for some fresh air.volume_up

aircraft (noun)

UK /ˈeəkrɑːft/US /ˈerkræft/

nounB2

any vehicle that can fly and carry goods or passengersvolume_up

fighter/transport/military aircraftvolume_up

airline (noun)

UK /ˈeəlaɪn/US /ˈerlaɪn/

nounA2

a company that provides regular flights to take passengers and goods to different placesvolume_up

an airline pilot/passengervolume_up

airport (noun)

UK /ˈeəpɔːt/US /ˈerpɔːrt/

nounA1

a place where planes land and take off and that has buildings for passengers to wait involume_up

Gatwick Airportvolume_up

alarm (verb)

UK /əˈlɑːm/US /əˈlɑːrm/

nounB1

a loud noise or a signal that warns people of danger or of a problemvolume_up

She decided to sound the alarm (= warn people that the situation was dangerous).volume_up

verbB2

to make somebody anxious or afraidvolume_up

I can only guess that they don't want to alarm the public yet.volume_up

album (noun)

UK /ˈælbəm/US /ˈælbəm/

nounB1

a book in which you keep photographs, stamps, etc.volume_up

a photo albumvolume_up

alcohol (noun)

UK /ˈælkəhɒl/US /ˈælkəhɔːl/

nounB1

drinks such as beer, wine, etc. that can make people drunkvolume_up

He never drinks alcohol.volume_up

alcoholic (adjective)

UK /ˌælkəˈhɒlɪk/US /ˌælkəˈhɑːlɪk/

adjectiveB1

connected with or containing alcoholvolume_up

alcoholic drinks/beveragesvolume_up

alive (adjective)

UK /əˈlaɪv/US /əˈlaɪv/

adjectiveA2

living; not deadvolume_up

Is your mother still alive?volume_up

all (pronoun)

UK /ɔːl/US /ɔːl/

adverbA2

completelyvolume_up

She was dressed all in white.volume_up

determinerA1

the whole number ofvolume_up

All horses are animals, but not all animals are horses.volume_up

pronounA1

the whole number or amountvolume_up

All of the food has gone.volume_up

allow (verb)

UK /əˈlaʊ/US /əˈlaʊ/

verbA2

to let somebody/something do something; to let something happen or be donevolume_up

His parents won't allow him to stay out late.volume_up

all right (exclamation)

UK /ɔːl ˈraɪt/US /ɔːl ˈraɪt/

adjectiveA2

acceptable; in an acceptable mannervolume_up

Is the coffee all right?volume_up

adverbA2

acceptable; in an acceptable mannervolume_up

Is the coffee all right?volume_up

exclamationA2

used to check that somebody agrees or understandsvolume_up

We've got to get up early, all right?volume_up

almost (adverb)

UK /ˈɔːlməʊst/US /ˈɔːlməʊst/

adverbA2

not quitevolume_up

I like almost all of them.volume_up

alone (adjective, adverb)

UK /əˈləʊn/US /əˈləʊn/

adjectiveA2

without any other peoplevolume_up

Tom is not alone in finding Rick hard to work with.volume_up

adverbA2

without any other peoplevolume_up

Tom is not alone in finding Rick hard to work with.volume_up

along (preposition)

UK /əˈlɒŋ/US /əˈlɔːŋ/

adverbA2

forwardvolume_up

I was just walking along singing to myself.volume_up

prepositionA2

from one end to or towards the other end of somethingvolume_up

They walked slowly along the road.volume_up

already (adverb)

UK /ɔːlˈredi/US /ɔːlˈredi/

adverbA2

before now or before a particular time in the pastvolume_up

I've already eaten.’volume_up

also (adverb)

UK /ˈɔːlsəʊ/US /ˈɔːlsəʊ/

adverbA1

in addition; toovolume_up

She's fluent in French and German. She also speaks a little Italian.volume_up

alter (verb)

UK /ˈɔːltə(r)/US /ˈɔːltər/

verbB2

to become different; to make somebody/something differentvolume_up

Prices did not alter significantly during 2019.volume_up

alternative (noun)

UK /ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/US /ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv/

adjectiveB1

that can be used instead of something elsevolume_up

The road was closed so we had to find an alternative route.volume_up

nounA2

a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilitiesvolume_up

The car is too expensive so we're trying to find a cheaper alternative.volume_up

although (conjunction)

UK /ɔːlˈðəʊ/US /ɔːlˈðəʊ/

conjunctionA2

used for introducing a statement that makes the main statement in a sentence seem surprisingvolume_up

Although the sun was shining, it wasn't very warm.volume_up

always (adverb)

UK /ˈɔːlweɪz/US /ˈɔːlweɪz/

adverbA1

at all times; on every occasionvolume_up

There's almost always somebody at home in the evenings.volume_up

amazed (adjective)

UK /əˈmeɪzd/US /əˈmeɪzd/

adjectiveB1

very surprisedvolume_up

an amazed lookvolume_up

amazing (adjective)

UK /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/US /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/

adjectiveA1

very surprising, especially in a way that you like or admirevolume_up

an amazing feat/story/experiencevolume_up

ambition (noun)

UK /æmˈbɪʃn/US /æmˈbɪʃn/

nounB1

something that you want to do or achieve very muchvolume_up

She had fulfilled her lifelong ambition.volume_up

ambitious (adjective)

UK /æmˈbɪʃəs/US /æmˈbɪʃəs/

adjectiveB1

determined to be successful, rich, powerful, etc.volume_up

a fiercely ambitious young managervolume_up

among (preposition)

UK /əˈmʌŋ/US /əˈmʌŋ/

prepositionA2

surrounded by somebody/something; in the middle of somebody/somethingvolume_up

a house among the treesvolume_up

amount (verb)

UK /əˈmaʊnt/US /əˈmaʊnt/

nounA2

a quantity of somethingvolume_up

I was amazed at the amount he could eat.volume_up

analyse (verb)

UK /ˈænəlaɪz/US /ˈænəlaɪz/

verbB1

to examine the nature or structure of something, especially by separating it into its parts, in order to understand or explain itvolume_up

The job involves collecting and analysing data.volume_up

analysis (noun)

UK /əˈnæləsɪs/US /əˈnæləsɪs/

nounB1

the detailed study or examination of something in order to understand more about it; the result of the studyvolume_up

statistical/data analysisvolume_up

ancient (adjective)

UK /ˈeɪnʃənt/US /ˈeɪnʃənt/

adjectiveA2

belonging to a period of history that is thousands of years in the pastvolume_up

Archaeologists are excavating the ruined temples of this ancient civilization.volume_up

and (conjunction)

UK /ənd/US /ənd/

conjunctionA1

also; in addition tovolume_up

bread and buttervolume_up

anger (noun)

UK /ˈæŋɡə(r)/US /ˈæŋɡər/

nounB2

the strong feeling that you have when something has happened that you think is bad and unfairvolume_up

She had to find a way to express her pent-up anger.volume_up

angle (noun)

UK /ˈæŋɡl/US /ˈæŋɡl/

nounB2

the space between two lines or surfaces that join, measured in degreesvolume_up

a 45° anglevolume_up

angry (adjective)

UK /ˈæŋɡri/US /ˈæŋɡri/

adjectiveA1

having strong feelings about something that you dislike very much or about an unfair situationvolume_up

Her behaviour really made me angry.volume_up

animal (noun)

UK /ˈænɪml/US /ˈænɪml/

nounA1

a creature that is not a bird, a fish, a reptile, an insect or a humanvolume_up

the animals and birds of South Americavolume_up

ankle (noun)

UK /ˈæŋkl/US /ˈæŋkl/

nounA2

the joint connecting the foot to the leg; the narrow part of the leg just above the ankle jointvolume_up

to sprain/break/twist your anklevolume_up

anniversary (noun)

UK /ˌænɪˈvɜːsəri/US /ˌænɪˈvɜːrsəri/

nounB2

a date that is an exact number of years after the date of an important or special eventvolume_up

on the anniversary of his wife’s deathvolume_up

announce (verb)

UK /əˈnaʊns/US /əˈnaʊns/

verbB1

to tell people something officially, especially about a decision, plans, etc.volume_up

He officially announced his intention to resign at today's press conference.volume_up

announcement (noun)

UK /əˈnaʊnsmənt/US /əˈnaʊnsmənt/

nounB1

a spoken or written statement that informs people about somethingvolume_up

to make an announcementvolume_up

annoy (verb)

UK /əˈnɔɪ/US /əˈnɔɪ/

verbB1

to make somebody slightly angryvolume_up

His constant joking was beginning to annoy her.volume_up

annoyed (adjective)

UK /əˈnɔɪd/US /əˈnɔɪd/

adjectiveB1

slightly angryvolume_up

He was beginning to get very annoyed with me about my carelessness.volume_up

annoying (adjective)

UK /əˈnɔɪɪŋ/US /əˈnɔɪɪŋ/

adjectiveB1

making somebody feel slightly angryvolume_up

This interruption is very annoying.volume_up

annual (adjective)

UK /ˈænjuəl/US /ˈænjuəl/

adjectiveB2

happening or done once every yearvolume_up

an annual meeting/event/report/conferencevolume_up

another (determiner, pronoun)

UK /əˈnʌðə(r)/US /əˈnʌðər/

determinerA1

one more; an extra thing or personvolume_up

Would you like another drink?volume_up

pronounA1

one more; an extra thing or personvolume_up

Would you like another drink?volume_up

answer (verb)

UK /ˈɑːnsə(r)/US /ˈænsər/

nounA1

something that you say, write or do to react to a question or situationvolume_up

I rang the bell, but there was no answer.volume_up

verbA1

to say, write or do something as a reaction to a question or situationvolume_up

I repeated the question, but she didn't answer.volume_up

anxious (adjective)

UK /ˈæŋkʃəs/US /ˈæŋkʃəs/

adjectiveB2

feeling worried or nervousvolume_up

The bus was late and Sue began to get anxious.volume_up

any (pronoun)

UK /ˈeni/US /ˈeni/

adverbA2

used to emphasize an adjective or adverb in negative sentences or questions, meaning ‘at all’volume_up

He wasn't any good at French.volume_up

determinerA1

used with uncountable or plural nouns in negative sentences and questions, after if or whether, and after some verbs such as prevent, ban, forbid, etc. to refer to an amount or a number of something, however large or smallvolume_up

I didn't eat any meat.volume_up

pronounA1

used in negative sentences and in questions and after if or whether to refer to an amount or a number, however large or smallvolume_up

We need some more paint; there isn't any left.volume_up

anybody (pronoun)

UK /ˈenibɒdi/US /ˈenibɑːdi/

pronounA2

used instead of somebody in negative sentences and in questions after if/whether, and after verbs such as prevent, forbid, avoid, etc.volume_up

Is there anybody who can help me?volume_up

any more (adverb)

UK /ˌeni ˈmɔː(r)/US /ˌeni ˈmɔːr/

adverbA2

often used at the end of negative sentences and at the end of questions, to mean ‘any longer’volume_up

She doesn't live here any more.volume_up

anyone (pronoun)

UK /ˈeniwʌn/US /ˈeniwʌn/

pronounA1

used instead of someone in negative sentences and in questions after if/whether, and after verbs such as prevent, forbid, avoid, etc.volume_up

Is anyone there?volume_up

anything (pronoun)

UK /ˈeniθɪŋ/US /ˈeniθɪŋ/

pronounA1

used instead of something in negative sentences and in questions; after if/whether; and after verbs such as prevent, ban, avoid, etc.volume_up

Would you like anything else?volume_up

anyway (adverb)

UK /ˈeniweɪ/US /ˈeniweɪ/

adverbA2

used when adding something to support an idea or argumentvolume_up

It's too expensive and anyway the colour doesn't suit you.volume_up

anywhere (pronoun)

UK /ˈeniweə(r)/US /ˈeniwer/

adverbA2

used in negative sentences and in questions instead of somewherevolume_up

I can't see it anywhere.volume_up

pronounA2

used in negative sentences and in questions instead of somewherevolume_up

I don't have anywhere to stay.volume_up

apart (adverb)

UK /əˈpɑːt/US /əˈpɑːrt/

adverbB1

separated by a distance, of space or timevolume_up

The two houses stood 500 metres apart.volume_up

apartment (noun)

UK /əˈpɑːtmənt/US /əˈpɑːrtmənt/

nounA1

a set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor of a buildingvolume_up

an apartment buildingvolume_up

apologize (verb)

UK /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/US /əˈpɑːlədʒaɪz/

verbB1

to say that you are sorry for doing something wrong or causing a problemvolume_up

Why should I apologize?volume_up

app (noun)

UK /æp/US /æp/

nounA2

a piece of software that you can download to a device such as a smartphone or tablet, for example to look up information or to play a gamevolume_up

You first need to install the app on your device.volume_up

apparent (adjective)

UK /əˈpærənt/US /əˈpærənt/

adjectiveB2

easy to see or understandvolume_up

Their devotion was apparent.volume_up

apparently (adverb)

UK /əˈpærəntli/US /əˈpærəntli/

adverbB2

according to what you have heard or read; according to the way something appearsvolume_up

Apparently they are getting divorced soon.volume_up

appeal (verb)

UK /əˈpiːl/US /əˈpiːl/

nounB2

a deeply felt request for money, help or information that is needed immediately, especially one made by a charity or by the policevolume_up

to launch a TV appeal for donations to the charityvolume_up

verbB2

to make a deeply felt request, especially for something that is needed immediatelyvolume_up

I am appealing (= asking for money) on behalf of the famine victims.volume_up

appear (verb)

UK /əˈpɪə(r)/US /əˈpɪr/

verbA2

to start to be seenvolume_up

Three days later a rash appeared.volume_up

appearance (noun)

UK /əˈpɪərəns/US /əˈpɪrəns/

nounA2

the way that somebody/something looks on the outside; what somebody/something seems to bevolume_up

the physical/outward/external appearance of somethingvolume_up

apple (noun)

UK /ˈæpl/US /ˈæpl/

nounA1

a round fruit with shiny red or green skin that is fairly hard and white insidevolume_up

Peel and core the apples.volume_up

application (noun)

UK /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/US /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/

nounB1

a formal (often written) request for something, such as a job, permission to do something or a place at a college or universityvolume_up

a planning/patent/visa applicationvolume_up

apply (verb)

UK /əˈplaɪ/US /əˈplaɪ/

verbA2

to make a formal request, usually in writing, for something such as a job, a loan, permission for something, a place at a university, etc.volume_up

You should apply in person/by letter.volume_up

appointment (noun)

UK /əˈpɔɪntmənt/US /əˈpɔɪntmənt/

nounB1

a formal arrangement to meet or visit somebody at a particular time, especially for a reason connected with their workvolume_up

I've got a dental appointment at 3 o'clock.volume_up

appreciate (verb)

UK /əˈpriːʃieɪt/US /əˈpriːʃieɪt/

verbB1

to recognize the good qualities of somebody/somethingvolume_up

Over the years he came to appreciate the beauty and tranquillity of the river.volume_up

approach (verb)

UK /əˈprəʊtʃ/US /əˈprəʊtʃ/

nounB2

a way of dealing with somebody/something; a way of doing or thinking about something such as a problem or a taskvolume_up

She took the wrong approach in her dealings with them.volume_up

verbB2

to come near to somebody/something in distance or timevolume_up

We could hear the train approaching.volume_up

appropriate (adjective)

UK /əˈprəʊpriət/US /əˈprəʊpriət/

adjectiveB2

suitable, acceptable or correct for the particular circumstancesvolume_up

an appropriate response/measure/methodvolume_up

approval (noun)

UK /əˈpruːvl/US /əˈpruːvl/

nounB2

the feeling that somebody/something is good or acceptable; a positive opinion of somebody/somethingvolume_up

She desperately wanted to win her father's approval.volume_up

approve (verb)

UK /əˈpruːv/US /əˈpruːv/

verbB2

to think that somebody/something is good, acceptable or suitablevolume_up

I told my mother I wanted to leave school but she didn't approve.volume_up

approximately (adverb)

UK /əˈprɒksɪmətli/US /əˈprɑːksɪmətli/

adverbB1

used to show that something is almost, but not completely, accurate or correctvolume_up

The journey took approximately seven hours.volume_up

april (noun)

UK /ˈeɪprəl/US /ˈeɪprəl/

nounA1

the fourth month of the year, between March and Mayvolume_up

She was born in April.volume_up

architect (noun)

UK /ˈɑːkɪtekt/US /ˈɑːrkɪtekt/

nounA2

a person whose job is designing buildingsvolume_up

The house was designed by architect Louis Kahn.volume_up

architecture (noun)

UK /ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)/US /ˈɑːrkɪtektʃər/

nounA2

the art and study of designing buildingsvolume_up

to study architecturevolume_up

area (noun)

UK /ˈeəriə/US /ˈeriə/

nounA1

part of a place, town, etc., or a region of a country or the worldvolume_up

to improve access to services in rural areasvolume_up

argue (verb)

UK /ˈɑːɡjuː/US /ˈɑːrɡjuː/

verbA2

to speak angrily to somebody because you disagree with themvolume_up

My brothers are always arguing.volume_up

argument (noun)

UK /ˈɑːɡjumənt/US /ˈɑːrɡjumənt/

nounA2

a conversation or discussion in which two or more people disagree, often angrilyvolume_up

to win/lose an argumentvolume_up

arise (verb)

UK /əˈraɪz/US /əˈraɪz/

verbB2

to happen; to start to existvolume_up

An opportunity arose to work in the United States.volume_up

arm (verb)

UK /ɑːm/US /ɑːrm/

nounA1

either of the two long parts that stick out from the top of the body and connect the shoulders to the handsvolume_up

He escaped with only a broken arm.volume_up

verbC1

to provide weapons for yourself/somebody in order to fight a battle or a warvolume_up

The country was arming against the enemy.volume_up

armed (adjective)

UK /ɑːmd/US /ɑːrmd/

adjectiveB2

involving the use of weaponsvolume_up

an armed robberyvolume_up

arms (noun)

UK /ɑːmz/US /ɑːrmz/

nounB2

weapons, especially as used by the army, navy, etc.volume_up

arms and ammunitionvolume_up

army (noun)

UK /ˈɑːmi/US /ˈɑːrmi/

nounA2

a large organized group of soldiers who are trained to fight on landvolume_up

The two opposing armies faced each other across the battlefield.volume_up

around (preposition)

UK /əˈraʊnd/US /əˈraʊnd/

adverbA1

approximatelyvolume_up

He arrived around five o'clock.volume_up

prepositionA1

surrounding somebody/something; on each side of somethingvolume_up

The house is built around a central courtyard.volume_up

arrange (verb)

UK /əˈreɪndʒ/US /əˈreɪndʒ/

verbA2

to plan or organize something in advancevolume_up

The party was arranged quickly.volume_up

arrangement (noun)

UK /əˈreɪndʒmənt/US /əˈreɪndʒmənt/

nounA2

a plan or preparation that you make so that something can happenvolume_up

Travel and accommodation arrangements have been finalized.volume_up

arrest (verb)

UK /əˈrest/US /əˈrest/

nounB1

the act of arresting somebodyvolume_up

The police made several arrests.volume_up

verbB1

if the police arrest somebody, the person is taken to a police station and kept there because the police believe they may be guilty of a crimevolume_up

A man has been arrested in connection with the robbery.volume_up

arrival (noun)

UK /əˈraɪvl/US /əˈraɪvl/

nounB1

an act of coming or being brought to a placevolume_up

We apologize for the late arrival of the train.volume_up

arrive (verb)

UK /əˈraɪv/US /əˈraɪv/

verbA1

to get to a place, especially at the end of a journeyvolume_up

I'll wait until they arrive.volume_up

art (noun)

UK /ɑːt/US /ɑːrt/

nounA1

the use of the imagination to express ideas or feelings, particularly in painting, drawing or sculpturevolume_up

modern/contemporary artvolume_up

article (noun)

UK /ˈɑːtɪkl/US /ˈɑːrtɪkl/

nounA1

a piece of writing about a particular subject in a newspaper or magazine, on a website, etc.volume_up

to read/write/publish an articlevolume_up

artificial (adjective)

UK /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/US /ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl/

adjectiveB2

made or produced to copy something natural; not realvolume_up

an artificial limb/flower/sweetener/fertilizervolume_up

artist (noun)

UK /ˈɑːtɪst/US /ˈɑːrtɪst/

nounA1

a person who creates works of art, especially paintings or drawingsvolume_up

an exhibition of work by contemporary British artistsvolume_up

artistic (adjective)

UK /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/US /ɑːrˈtɪstɪk/

adjectiveB2

connected with art or artistsvolume_up

the artistic works of the periodvolume_up

as (preposition)

UK /əz/US /əz/

adverbA2

used when you are comparing two people or things, or two situationsvolume_up

You're as tall as your father.volume_up

conjunctionA2

while something else is happeningvolume_up

He sat watching her as she got ready.volume_up

prepositionA1

used to describe somebody/something appearing to be somebody/something elsevolume_up

They were all dressed as clowns.volume_up

ashamed (adjective)

UK /əˈʃeɪmd/US /əˈʃeɪmd/

adjectiveB2

feeling shame or feeling embarrassed about somebody/something or because of something you have donevolume_up

She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party.volume_up

ask (verb)

UK /ɑːsk/US /æsk/

verbA1

to say or write something in the form of a question, in order to get informationvolume_up

How old are you—if you don’t mind me/my asking?volume_up

asleep (adjective)

UK /əˈsliːp/US /əˈsliːp/

adjectiveA2

sleepingvolume_up

I waited until they were all fast asleep (= sleeping deeply).volume_up

aspect (noun)

UK /ˈæspekt/US /ˈæspekt/

nounB2

a particular part or feature of a situation, an idea, a problem, etc.; a way in which it may be consideredvolume_up

The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.volume_up

assess (verb)

UK /əˈses/US /əˈses/

verbB2

to make a judgement about the nature or quality of somebody/somethingvolume_up

Accurately assessing environmental impacts is very complex.volume_up

assessment (noun)

UK /əˈsesmənt/US /əˈsesmənt/

nounB2

an opinion or a judgement about somebody/something that has been thought about very carefullyvolume_up

a detailed assessment of the risks involvedvolume_up

assignment (noun)

UK /əˈsaɪnmənt/US /əˈsaɪnmənt/

nounB1

a task or piece of work that somebody is given to do, usually as part of their job or studiesvolume_up

Students are required to complete all homework assignments.volume_up

assist (verb)

UK /əˈsɪst/US /əˈsɪst/

verbB1

to help somebody to do somethingvolume_up

Anyone willing to assist can contact this number.volume_up

assistant (noun)

UK /əˈsɪstənt/US /əˈsɪstənt/

adjectiveA2

having a rank below that of a senior person and helping them in their workvolume_up

the assistant manager/director/commissionervolume_up

nounA2

a person who helps or supports somebody, usually in their jobvolume_up

My assistant will now demonstrate the machine in action.volume_up

associate (verb)

UK /əˈsəʊsieɪt/US /əˈsəʊsieɪt/

verbB2

to make a connection between people or things in your mindvolume_up

I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood.volume_up

associated (adjective)

UK /əˈsəʊsieɪtɪd/US /əˈsəʊsieɪtɪd/

adjectiveB2

if one thing is associated with another, the two things are connected because they happen together or one thing causes the othervolume_up

the risks associated with taking drugsvolume_up

association (noun)

UK /əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃn/US /əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃn/

nounB2

an official group of people who have joined together for a particular purposevolume_up

Do you belong to any professional or trade associations?volume_up

assume (verb)

UK /əˈsjuːm/US /əˈsuːm/

verbB2

to think or accept that something is true but without having proof of itvolume_up

It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve.volume_up

at (preposition)

UK /ət/US /ət/

prepositionA1

used to say where something/somebody is or where something happensvolume_up

at the corner of the streetvolume_up

athlete (noun)

UK /ˈæθliːt/US /ˈæθliːt/

nounA2

a person who competes in sportsvolume_up

Olympic athletesvolume_up

atmosphere (noun)

UK /ˈætməsfɪə(r)/US /ˈætməsfɪr/

nounB1

the mixture of gases that surrounds the earthvolume_up

Wind power doesn't release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.volume_up

attach (verb)

UK /əˈtætʃ/US /əˈtætʃ/

verbB1

to fasten or join one thing to anothervolume_up

I attach a copy of my notes for your information.volume_up

attack (verb)

UK /əˈtæk/US /əˈtæk/

nounA2

an act of using violence to try to hurt or kill somebodyvolume_up

Five people were killed in the attacks that took place last night.volume_up

verbA2

to use violence to try to hurt or kill somebodyvolume_up

Most dogs will not attack unless provoked.volume_up

attempt (verb)

UK /əˈtempt/US /əˈtempt/

nounB2

an act of trying to do something, especially something difficult, often with no successvolume_up

I passed my driving test at the first attempt.volume_up

verbB2

to make an effort or try to do something, especially something difficultvolume_up

I will attempt to answer all your questions.volume_up

attend (verb)

UK /əˈtend/US /əˈtend/

verbA2

to be present at an eventvolume_up

We'd like as many people as possible to attend.volume_up

attention (noun)

UK /əˈtenʃn/US /əˈtenʃn/

exclamationA2

used for asking people to listen to something that is being announcedvolume_up

Attention, please! Passengers for flight KL412 are requested to go to gate 21 immediately.volume_up

nounA2

the act of listening to, looking at or thinking about something/somebody carefully; interest that people show in somebody/somethingvolume_up

the report’s attention to detailvolume_up

attitude (noun)

UK /ˈætɪtjuːd/US /ˈætɪtuːd/

nounB1

the way that you think and feel about somebody/something; the way that you behave towards somebody/something that shows how you think and feelvolume_up

These societies have to change their attitudes towards women.volume_up

attract (verb)

UK /əˈtrækt/US /əˈtrækt/

verbB1

if you are attracted by something, it interests you and makes you want it; if you are attracted by somebody, you like or admire themvolume_up

I had always been attracted by the idea of working abroad.volume_up

attraction (noun)

UK /əˈtrækʃn/US /əˈtrækʃn/

nounB1

an interesting or lively place to go or thing to dovolume_up

Buckingham Palace is a major tourist attraction.volume_up

attractive (adjective)

UK /əˈtræktɪv/US /əˈtræktɪv/

adjectiveA2

pleasant to look at, especially in a sexual wayvolume_up

an attractive womanvolume_up

audience (noun)

UK /ˈɔːdiəns/US /ˈɔːdiəns/

nounA2

the group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to something (a play, concert, somebody speaking, etc.)volume_up

The audience was/were clapping for 10 minutes.volume_up

august (noun)

UK /ˈɔːɡəst/US /ˈɔːɡəst/

nounA1

the 8th month of the year, between July and Septembervolume_up

She was born in August.volume_up

aunt (noun)

UK /ɑːnt/US /ænt/

nounA1

the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle or auntvolume_up

Aunt Alicevolume_up

author (noun)

UK /ˈɔːθə(r)/US /ˈɔːθər/

nounA2

a person who writes books or the person who wrote a particular bookvolume_up

Who is your favourite author?volume_up

authority (noun)

UK /ɔːˈθɒrəti/US /əˈθɔːrəti/

nounB1

the power to give orders to peoplevolume_up

in a position of authorityvolume_up

autumn (noun)

UK /ˈɔːtəm/US /ˈɔːtəm/

nounA1

the season of the year between summer and winter, when leaves change colour and the weather becomes coldervolume_up

in the autumn of 2010volume_up

available (adjective)

UK /əˈveɪləbl/US /əˈveɪləbl/

adjectiveA2

that you can get, buy or findvolume_up

available resources/datavolume_up

average (verb)

UK /ˈævərɪdʒ/US /ˈævərɪdʒ/

adjectiveA2

calculated by adding several amounts together, finding a total, and dividing the total by the number of amountsvolume_up

The average age of participants was 52 years.volume_up

nounA2

the result of adding several amounts together, finding a total, and dividing the total by the number of amountsvolume_up

The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6.volume_up

verbB1

to be equal to a particular amount as an averagevolume_up

Economic growth is expected to average 2% next year.volume_up

avoid (verb)

UK /əˈvɔɪd/US /əˈvɔɪd/

verbA2

to prevent something bad from happeningvolume_up

to avoid conflict/confrontationvolume_up

award (verb)

UK /əˈwɔːd/US /əˈwɔːrd/

nounA2

a prize such as money, etc. for something that somebody has donevolume_up

He was nominated for the best actor award.volume_up

verbB1

to make an official decision to give something to somebody as a payment, prize, contract, etc.volume_up

Knowing why and how corporations award contracts is vitally important.volume_up

aware (adjective)

UK /əˈweə(r)/US /əˈwer/

adjectiveB1

knowing or realizing somethingvolume_up

As you're aware, this is not a new problem.volume_up

away (adverb)

UK /əˈweɪ/US /əˈweɪ/

adverbA1

to or at a distance from somebody/something in space or timevolume_up

The beach is a mile away.volume_up

awful (adjective)

UK /ˈɔːfl/US /ˈɔːfl/

adjectiveA2

very bad or unpleasantvolume_up

That's an awful colour.volume_up

baby (noun)

UK /ˈbeɪbi/US /ˈbeɪbi/

nounA1

a very young child or animalvolume_up

The baby's crying!volume_up

back (verb)

UK /bæk/US /bæk/

adjectiveA2

located behind or at the back of somethingvolume_up

We were sitting in the back rowvolume_up

adverbA1

to or into the place, condition, situation or activity where somebody/something was beforevolume_up

When is he coming back to work?volume_up

nounA1

the part of the human body that is on the opposite side to the chest, between the neck and the tops of the legs; the part of an animal’s body that corresponds to thisvolume_up

He was lying on his back on the sofa.volume_up

verbB2

to encourage somebody or give them help; to give financial support to somebody/somethingvolume_up

Her parents backed her in her choice of career.volume_up

background (noun)

UK /ˈbækɡraʊnd/US /ˈbækɡraʊnd/

nounA2

the details of a person’s family, education, experience, etc.volume_up

somebody's ethnic/genetic/cultural backgroundvolume_up

backwards (adverb)

UK /ˈbækwədz/US /ˈbækwərdz/

adverbB1

towards a place or position that is behindvolume_up

I lost my balance and fell backwards.volume_up

bacteria (noun)

UK /bækˈtɪəriə/US /bækˈtɪriə/

nounB2

the simplest and smallest forms of life. Bacteria exist in large numbers in air, water and soil, and also in living and dead creatures and plants, and are often a cause of disease.volume_up

Neither chilling nor freezing kills all bacteria.volume_up

bad (adjective)

UK /bæd/US /bæd/

adjectiveA1

unpleasant; full of problemsvolume_up

I'm afraid.volume_up

badly (adverb)

UK /ˈbædli/US /ˈbædli/

adverbA2

without skill or carevolume_up

to play/sing badlyvolume_up

bag (noun)

UK /bæɡ/US /bæɡ/

nounA1

a container made of cloth, leather, plastic or paper, used to carry things in, especially when shopping or travellingvolume_up

He was carrying a heavy bag of groceries.volume_up

bake (verb)

UK /beɪk/US /beɪk/

verbB1

to cook food in an oven without extra fat or liquid; to be cooked in this wayvolume_up

bake (something), to bake bread/biscuits/cookiesvolume_up

balance (verb)

UK /ˈbæləns/US /ˈbæləns/

nounB1

a situation in which different things exist in equal, correct or good amountsvolume_up

This newspaper maintains a good balance in its presentation of different opinions.volume_up

verbB1

to put your body or something else into a position where it is steady and does not fallvolume_up

How long can you balance on one leg?volume_up

ball (noun)

UK /bɔːl/US /bɔːl/

nounA1

a round object used for throwing, hitting or kicking in games and sportsvolume_up

a golf/tennis/bowling/soccer ballvolume_up

ban (verb)

UK /bæn/US /bæn/

nounB1

an official rule that says that something is not allowedvolume_up

a smoking banvolume_up

verbB1

to decide or say officially that something is not allowedvolume_up

The law effectively bans smoking in all public places.volume_up

banana (noun)

UK /bəˈnɑːnə/US /bəˈnænə/

nounA1

a long curved fruit with a thick yellow skin and that is soft inside, which grows on trees in hot countriesvolume_up

a bunch of bananasvolume_up

band (noun)

UK /bænd/US /bænd/

nounA1

a small group of musicians who play popular music together, often with a singer or singersvolume_up

a rock/punk/jazz bandvolume_up

bank (noun)

UK /bæŋk/US /bæŋk/

nounA1

an organization that provides various financial services, for example keeping or lending moneyvolume_up

I don't have much money in the bank at the end of the month.volume_up

bar (verb)

UK /bɑː(r)/US /bɑːr/

nounA2

a place where you can buy and drink alcoholic and other drinksvolume_up

We arranged to meet in a bar called the Flamingo.volume_up

verbB2

to ban or prevent somebody from doing somethingvolume_up

Prisoners are barred by law from voting in general elections.volume_up

barrier (noun)

UK /ˈbæriə(r)/US /ˈbæriər/

nounB2

an object like a fence that prevents people from moving forward from one place to anothervolume_up

The crowd had to stand behind barriers.volume_up

base (verb)

UK /beɪs/US /beɪs/

nounB1

the lowest part of something, especially the part or surface on which it rests or standsvolume_up

The lamp has a heavy base.volume_up

verbB1

to use a particular city, town, etc. as the main place for a business, holiday, etc.volume_up

The organization is now based in Geneva.volume_up

baseball (noun)

UK /ˈbeɪsbɔːl/US /ˈbeɪsbɔːl/

nounA2

a game played especially in the US by two teams of nine players, using a bat and ball. Each player tries to hit the ball and then run around four bases before the other team can return the ball.volume_up

a baseball bat/team/cap/fan/player/gamevolume_up

based (adjective)

UK /beɪst/US /beɪst/

adjectiveA2

if one thing is based on another, it uses it or is developed from itvolume_up

The movie is based on a real-life incident.volume_up

basic (adjective)

UK /ˈbeɪsɪk/US /ˈbeɪsɪk/

adjectiveB1

forming the part of something that is most necessary and from which other things developvolume_up

basic information/facts/ideasvolume_up

basically (adverb)

UK /ˈbeɪsɪkli/US /ˈbeɪsɪkli/

adverbB2

in the most important ways, without considering things that are less importantvolume_up

I think we are basically saying the same thing.volume_up

basis (noun)

UK /ˈbeɪsɪs/US /ˈbeɪsɪs/

nounB1

the way things are organized or arranged; how often something happensvolume_up

We are in contact on a regular basis.volume_up

basketball (noun)

UK /ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl/US /ˈbæskɪtbɔːl/

nounA2

a game played by two teams of five players, using a large ball which players try to throw into a high net hanging from a ringvolume_up

a basketball game/coach/team/playervolume_up

bath (noun)

UK /bɑːθ/US /bæθ/

nounA1

a large, long container that you put water in and then get into to wash your whole bodyvolume_up

I'm in the bath!volume_up

bathroom (noun)

UK /ˈbɑːθruːm/US /ˈbæθruːm/

nounA1

a room in which there is a bath, a washbasin and often a toiletvolume_up

Go and wash your hands in the bathroom.volume_up

battery (noun)

UK /ˈbætri/US /ˈbætəri/

nounB1

a device that is placed inside a car engine, clock, radio, etc. and that produces the electricity that makes it workvolume_up

to replace the batteriesvolume_up

battle (verb)

UK /ˈbætl/US /ˈbætl/

nounB1

a fight between armies, ships or planes, especially during a war; a violent fight between groups of peoplevolume_up

Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.volume_up

verbB2

to try very hard to achieve something difficult or to deal with something unpleasant or dangerousvolume_up

Both teams battled hard.volume_up

be (auxiliary verb)

UK /bi/US /bi/

verbA1

used when you are naming people or things, describing them or giving more information about themvolume_up

Today is Monday.volume_up

auxiliary verbA1

used with a present participle to form progressive tensesvolume_up

I am studying Chinese.volume_up

beach (noun)

UK /biːtʃ/US /biːtʃ/

nounA1

an area of sand or small stones (called shingle), next to the sea or a lakevolume_up

on the beach, tourists sunbathing on the beachvolume_up

bean (noun)

UK /biːn/US /biːn/

nounA2

a seed, or pod containing seeds, of a climbing plant, eaten as a vegetable. There are several types of bean and the plants that they grow on are also called beans.volume_up

green beansvolume_up

bear (verb)

UK /beə(r)/US /ber/

nounA2

a heavy wild animal with thick fur and sharp claws (= pointed parts on the ends of its feet). There are many types of bear.volume_up

a black bearvolume_up

verbB2

to be able to accept and deal with something unpleasantvolume_up

The pain was almost more than he could bear.volume_up

beat (verb)

UK /biːt/US /biːt/

nounB2

a single hit to something, such as a drum, or a movement of something, such as your heart; the sound that this makesvolume_up

several loud beats on the drumvolume_up

verbA2

to defeat somebody in a game or competitionvolume_up

He beat me at chess.volume_up

beautiful (adjective)

UK /ˈbjuːtɪfl/US /ˈbjuːtɪfl/

adjectiveA1

having beauty; giving pleasure to the senses or to the mindvolume_up

a beautiful woman/girlvolume_up

beauty (noun)

UK /ˈbjuːti/US /ˈbjuːti/

nounB1

the quality of giving pleasure to the senses or to the mindvolume_up

the beauty of the sunset/of poetry/of his singingvolume_up

because (conjunction)

UK /bɪˈkəz/US /bɪˈkəz/

conjunctionA1

for the reason thatvolume_up

I did it because he told me to.volume_up

become (verb)

UK /bɪˈkʌm/US /bɪˈkʌm/

verbA1

to start to be somethingvolume_up

It soon became apparent that no one was going to come.volume_up

bed (noun)

UK /bed/US /bed/

nounA1

a piece of furniture for sleeping onvolume_up

a single/double bedvolume_up

bedroom (noun)

UK /ˈbedruːm/US /ˈbedruːm/

nounA1

a room for sleeping involume_up

the spare/guest bedroomvolume_up

bee (noun)

UK /biː/US /biː/

nounB1

a black and yellow flying insect that can sting (= touch your skin and make you feel a sharp pain).Bees live in large groups and make honey (= a sweet sticky substance that is good to eat).volume_up

Bees were buzzing in the clover.volume_up

beef (noun)

UK /biːf/US /biːf/

nounA2

meat that comes from a cowvolume_up

roast beefvolume_up

beer (noun)

UK /bɪə(r)/US /bɪr/

nounA1

an alcoholic drink made from malt with hops added to give it taste. There are many types of beer.volume_up

a pint/can/bottle of beervolume_up

before (preposition)

UK /bɪˈfɔː(r)/US /bɪˈfɔːr/

adverbA2

at an earlier time; in the past; alreadyvolume_up

You should have told me so before.volume_up

conjunctionA2

earlier than the time whenvolume_up

Do it before you forget.volume_up

prepositionA1

earlier than somebody/somethingvolume_up

before lunchvolume_up

beg (verb)

UK /beɡ/US /beɡ/

verbB2

to ask somebody for something especially in an anxious way because you want or need it very muchvolume_up

Now you have to beg and plead.volume_up

begin (verb)

UK /bɪˈɡɪn/US /bɪˈɡɪn/

verbA1

to start doing something; to do the first part of somethingvolume_up

Shall I begin?volume_up

beginning (noun)

UK /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/US /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

nounA1

the time when something starts; the first part of an event, a story, etc.volume_up

A story has to have a beginning, middle, and end.volume_up

behave (verb)

UK /bɪˈheɪv/US /bɪˈheɪv/

verbA2

to do things in a particular wayvolume_up

The doctor behaved very unprofessionally.volume_up

behaviour (noun)

UK /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/US /bɪˈheɪvjər/

nounA2

the way that somebody behaves, especially towards other peoplevolume_up

good/bad behaviourvolume_up

behind (preposition)

UK /bɪˈhaɪnd/US /bɪˈhaɪnd/

adverbA1

at or towards the back of somebody/something; further backvolume_up

She rode off down the road with the dog running behind.volume_up

prepositionA1

at or towards the back of somebody/something, and often hidden by it or themvolume_up

Who's the girl standing behind Jan?volume_up

being (noun)

UK /ˈbiːɪŋ/US /ˈbiːɪŋ/

nounB2

existencevolume_up

The Irish Free State came into being in 1922.volume_up

belief (noun)

UK /bɪˈliːf/US /bɪˈliːf/

nounB1

a strong feeling that something/somebody exists or is true; confidence that something/somebody is good or rightvolume_up

I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing.volume_up

believe (verb)

UK /bɪˈliːv/US /bɪˈliːv/

verbA1

to feel certain that something is true or that somebody is telling you the truthvolume_up

I don't believe you!volume_up

bell (noun)

UK /bel/US /bel/

nounB1

a hollow metal object, often like a cup in shape, that makes a ringing sound when hit by a small piece of metal inside it; the sound that it makesvolume_up

A peal of church bells rang out in the distance.volume_up

belong (verb)

UK /bɪˈlɒŋ/US /bɪˈlɔːŋ/

verbA2

to be in the right or suitable placevolume_up

Where do these plates belong (= where are they kept)?volume_up

below (preposition)

UK /bɪˈləʊ/US /bɪˈləʊ/

adverbA1

at or to a lower level, position or placevolume_up

They live on the floor below.volume_up

prepositionA1

at or to a lower level or position than somebody/somethingvolume_up

He dived below the surface of the water.volume_up

belt (noun)

UK /belt/US /belt/

nounA2

a long narrow piece of leather, cloth, etc. that you wear around the middle part of your bodyvolume_up

to do up/fasten/tighten a beltvolume_up

bend (verb)

UK /bend/US /bend/

nounB1

a curve or turn, especially in a road or rivervolume_up

a sharp bend in the roadvolume_up

verbB1

to lean, or make something lean, in a particular directionvolume_up

He bent and kissed her.volume_up

benefit (verb)

UK /ˈbenɪfɪt/US /ˈbenɪfɪt/

nounA2

an advantage that something gives you; a helpful and useful effect that something hasvolume_up

Freedom of information brings great benefits.volume_up

verbB1

to be useful to somebody or improve their life in some wayvolume_up

We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone.volume_up

bent (adjective)

UK /bent/US /bent/

adjectiveB2

not straightvolume_up

a piece of bent wirevolume_up

best (noun)

UK /best/US /best/

adjectiveA1

of the most excellent type or qualityvolume_up

That's the best movie I've ever seen!volume_up

adverbA2

most; to the greatest extentvolume_up

Which one do you like best?volume_up

nounA2

the most excellent thing or personvolume_up

We all want the best for our children.volume_up

bet (verb)

UK /bet/US /bet/

nounB2

an arrangement to risk money, etc. on the result of a particular event; the money that you risk in this wayvolume_up

to win/lose a betvolume_up

verbB2

to risk money on a race or an event by trying to predict the resultvolume_up

You have to be over 16 to bet.volume_up

better (noun)

UK /ˈbetə(r)/US /ˈbetər/

adjectiveA1

of a higher standard or less poor quality; not as bad as something elsevolume_up

We're hoping for better weather tomorrow.volume_up

adverbA2

in a more excellent or pleasant way; not as badlyvolume_up

She sings much better than I do.volume_up

nounB1

something that is bettervolume_up

the better of the two booksvolume_up

between (preposition)

UK /bɪˈtwiːn/US /bɪˈtwiːn/

adverbA2

in the space or period of time separating two or more points, objects, etc. or two dates, events, etc.volume_up

The house was near a park but there was a road in between.volume_up

prepositionA1

in or into the space separating two or more points, objects, people, etc.volume_up

Q comes between P and R in the English alphabet.volume_up

beyond (preposition)

UK /bɪˈjɒnd/US /bɪˈjɑːnd/

adverbB2

on the other side; further onvolume_up

Snowdon and the mountains beyond were covered in snow.volume_up

prepositionB2

on or to the further side of somethingvolume_up

The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.volume_up

bicycle (noun)

UK /ˈbaɪsɪkl/US /ˈbaɪsɪkl/

nounA1

a road vehicle with two wheels that you ride by pushing the pedals with your feetvolume_up

He got on his bicycle and rode off.volume_up

big (adjective)

UK /bɪɡ/US /bɪɡ/

adjectiveA1

large in size, degree, amount, etc.volume_up

a big man/house/increasevolume_up

bike (noun)

UK /baɪk/US /baɪk/

nounA1

a bicyclevolume_up

I used to ride my bike around the neighbourhood for hours.volume_up

bill (verb)

UK /bɪl/US /bɪl/

nounA1

a document that shows how much you owe somebody for goods or servicesvolume_up

the phone/electricity/gas billvolume_up

verbB2

to send somebody a bill for somethingvolume_up

Please bill me for the books.volume_up

billion (number)

UK /ˈbɪljən/US /ˈbɪljən/

numberA2

1 000 000 000; one thousand millionvolume_up

Worldwide sales reached 2.5 billion.volume_up

bin (noun)

UK /bɪn/US /bɪn/

nounA2

a container that you put waste involume_up

a rubbish binvolume_up

biology (noun)

UK /baɪˈɒlədʒi/US /baɪˈɑːlədʒi/

nounA2

the scientific study of the life and structure of plants and animalsvolume_up

a degree in biologyvolume_up

bird (noun)

UK /bɜːd/US /bɜːrd/

nounA1

a creature that is covered with feathers and has two wings and two legs. Most birds can fly.volume_up

a bird’s nest with two eggs in itvolume_up

birth (noun)

UK /bɜːθ/US /bɜːrθ/

nounA2

the time when a baby is born; the process of being bornvolume_up

The baby weighed three kilos at birth.volume_up

birthday (noun)

UK /ˈbɜːθdeɪ/US /ˈbɜːrθdeɪ/

nounA1

the day in each year which is the same date as the one on which you were bornvolume_up

Happy Birthday!volume_up

biscuit (noun)

UK /ˈbɪskɪt/US /ˈbɪskɪt/

nounA2

a small flat dry cake for one person, usually sweet, and baked until hardvolume_up

a packet/tin of chocolate biscuitsvolume_up

bit (noun)

UK /bɪt/US /bɪt/

nounA2

rather; to some extentvolume_up

These trousers are a bit tight.volume_up

bite (verb)

UK /baɪt/US /baɪt/

nounB1

an act of bitingvolume_up

The dog gave me a playful bite.volume_up

verbB1

to use your teeth to cut into or through somethingvolume_up

Does your dog bite?volume_up

bitter (adjective)

UK /ˈbɪtə(r)/US /ˈbɪtər/

adjectiveB2

having a strong, unpleasant taste; not sweetvolume_up

Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth.volume_up

black (noun)

UK /blæk/US /blæk/

adjectiveA1

having the very darkest colour, like coal or the sky at nightvolume_up

a shiny black carvolume_up

nounA1

the very darkest colour, like night or coalvolume_up

the black of the night skyvolume_up

blame (verb)

UK /bleɪm/US /bleɪm/

nounB2

responsibility for doing something badly or wrongly; saying that somebody is responsible for somethingvolume_up

Why do I always get the blame for everything that goes wrong?volume_up

verbB2

to think or say that somebody/something is responsible for something badvolume_up

She doesn't blame anyone for her father's death.volume_up

blank (noun)

UK /blæŋk/US /blæŋk/

adjectiveA2

empty, with nothing written, printed or recorded on itvolume_up

Sign your name in the blank space below.volume_up

nounA2

an empty space on a printed form or document for you to write answers, information, etc. involume_up

Please fill in the blanks.volume_up

blind (adjective)

UK /blaɪnd/US /blaɪnd/

adjectiveB2

not able to seevolume_up

Doctors think he will go blind.volume_up

block (verb)

UK /blɒk/US /blɑːk/

nounB1

a large piece of a solid material that is square or rectangular in shape and usually has flat sidesvolume_up

The houses are made of concrete blocks with tin roofs.volume_up

verbB1

to stop something from moving or flowing through a pipe, a passage, a road, etc. by putting something in it or across itvolume_up

After today's heavy snow, many roads are still blocked.volume_up

blog (noun)

UK /blɒɡ/US /blɑːɡ/

nounA1

a website where an individual person, or people representing an organization, write regularly about recent events or topics that interest them, usually with photos and links to other websites that they find interestingvolume_up

This is a link to the museum's blog.volume_up

blonde (adjective)

UK /blɒnd/US /blɑːnd/

adjectiveA1

pale gold in colourvolume_up

She had long blonde hair.volume_up

blood (noun)

UK /blʌd/US /blʌd/

nounA2

the red liquid that flows through the bodies of humans and animalsvolume_up

He lost a lot of blood in the accident.volume_up

blow (verb)

UK /bləʊ/US /bləʊ/

nounB2

a hard hit with the hand, a weapon, etc.volume_up

She received a severe blow on the head.volume_up

verbA2

to send out air from the mouthvolume_up

You're not blowing hard enough!volume_up

blue (noun)

UK /bluː/US /bluː/

adjectiveA1

having the colour of a clear sky or the sea on a clear dayvolume_up

piercing blue eyesvolume_up

nounA1

the colour of a clear sky or the sea on a clear dayvolume_up

bright/dark/light/pale/deep bluevolume_up

board (verb)

UK /bɔːd/US /bɔːrd/

nounA2

a long thin piece of strong hard material, especially wood, used, for example, for making floors, building walls and roofs and making boatsvolume_up

He had ripped up the carpet, leaving only the bare boards.volume_up

verbB1

to get on a ship, train, plane, bus, etc.volume_up

Passengers are waiting to board.volume_up

boat (noun)

UK /bəʊt/US /bəʊt/

nounA1

a vehicle (smaller than a ship) that travels on water, moved by oars, sails or a motorvolume_up

a rowing/sailing boatvolume_up

body (noun)

UK /ˈbɒdi/US /ˈbɑːdi/

nounA1

the whole physical structure of a human or an animalvolume_up

The human body is a complex structure.volume_up

boil (verb)

UK /bɔɪl/US /bɔɪl/

verbA2

when a liquid boils or when you boil it, it is heated to the point where it forms bubbles and turns to steam or vapourvolume_up

The water was bubbling and boiling away.volume_up

bomb (verb)

UK /bɒm/US /bɑːm/

nounB1

a weapon designed to explode at a particular time or when it is dropped or thrownvolume_up

a bomb goes off/explodesvolume_up

verbB1

to attack something/somebody by leaving a bomb in a place or by dropping bombs from a planevolume_up

Warplanes bombed targets in and around the capital.volume_up

bond (noun)

UK /bɒnd/US /bɑːnd/

nounB2

something that forms a connection between people or groups, such as a feeling of friendship or shared ideas and experiencesvolume_up

the bond that links usvolume_up

bone (noun)

UK /bəʊn/US /bəʊn/

nounA2

any of the hard parts that form the skeleton of the body of a human or an animalvolume_up

He survived the accident with no broken bones.volume_up

book (verb)

UK /bʊk/US /bʊk/

nounA1

a set of printed pages that are fastened inside a cover so that you can turn them and read themvolume_up

His desk was covered with piles of books.volume_up

verbA2

to arrange to have or use something on a particular date in the future; to buy a ticket in advancevolume_up

Book early to avoid disappointment.volume_up

boot (noun)

UK /buːt/US /buːt/

nounA1

a strong shoe that covers the foot and ankle and often the lower part of the legvolume_up

(British English), walking bootsvolume_up

border (verb)

UK /ˈbɔːdə(r)/US /ˈbɔːrdər/

nounB1

the line that divides two countries or areas; the land near this linevolume_up

I live in a small town in the US, near the Canadian border.volume_up

verbB2

to share a border with another country or areavolume_up

the countries bordering the Balticvolume_up

bored (adjective)

UK /bɔːd/US /bɔːrd/

adjectiveA1

feeling tired and impatient because you have lost interest in somebody/something or because you have nothing to dovolume_up

There was a bored expression on her face.volume_up

boring (adjective)

UK /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/US /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/

adjectiveA1

not interesting; making you feel tired and impatientvolume_up

He's such a boring man!volume_up

born (verb)

UK /bɔːn/US /bɔːrn/

verbA1

to come out of your mother’s body at the beginning of your lifevolume_up

I was born in 1976.volume_up

borrow (verb)

UK /ˈbɒrəʊ/US /ˈbɔːrəʊ/

verbA2

to take and use something that belongs to somebody else, and return it to them at a later timevolume_up

Can I borrow your umbrella?volume_up

boss (noun)

UK /bɒs/US /bɔːs/

nounA2

a person who is in charge of other people at work and tells them what to dovolume_up

I'll ask my boss if I can have the day off.volume_up

both (determiner, pronoun)

UK /bəʊθ/US /bəʊθ/

determinerA1

used with plural nouns to mean ‘the two’ or ‘the one as well as the other’volume_up

Both women were French.volume_up

pronounA1

used with plural nouns to mean ‘the two’ or ‘the one as well as the other’volume_up

Both women were French.volume_up

bother (verb)

UK /ˈbɒðə(r)/US /ˈbɑːðər/

verbB1

to spend time and/or energy doing somethingvolume_up

‘Shall I wait?’ ‘No, don't bother’.volume_up

bottle (noun)

UK /ˈbɒtl/US /ˈbɑːtl/

nounA1

a glass or plastic container, usually round with straight sides and a narrow neck, used especially for storing liquidsvolume_up

a wine/beer/milk/water bottlevolume_up

bottom (noun)

UK /ˈbɒtəm/US /ˈbɑːtəm/

adjectiveA2

in the lowest, last or furthest place or positionvolume_up

your bottom lipvolume_up

nounA2

the lowest part of somethingvolume_up

the bottom of the screen/stairs/hillvolume_up

bowl (noun)

UK /bəʊl/US /bəʊl/

nounA2

a deep round dish with a wide open top, used especially for holding food or liquidvolume_up

a salad/fruit/sugar bowlvolume_up

box (noun)

UK /bɒks/US /bɑːks/

nounA1

a container made of wood, thick card, metal, etc. with a flat stiff base and sides and often a lid (= cover), used especially for holding solid thingsvolume_up

Everything we owned was neatly packed in cardboard boxes.volume_up

boy (noun)

UK /bɔɪ/US /bɔɪ/

nounA1

a male child or a young male personvolume_up

a little/small/young boyvolume_up

boyfriend (noun)

UK /ˈbɔɪfrend/US /ˈbɔɪfrend/

nounA1

a man or boy that somebody has a romantic or sexual relationship withvolume_up

She's got a new boyfriend.volume_up

brain (noun)

UK /breɪn/US /breɪn/

nounA2

the organ inside the head that controls movement, thought, memory and feelingvolume_up

The human brain is a complex organ.volume_up

branch (noun)

UK /brɑːntʃ/US /bræntʃ/

nounB1

a part of a tree that grows out from the main stem and on which leaves, flowers and fruit growvolume_up

She climbed the tree and hid in the branches.volume_up

brand (verb)

UK /brænd/US /brænd/

nounB1

a type of product, service, etc. made or offered by a particular company under a particular namevolume_up

a well-known brand of toothpastevolume_up

verbB1

to apply a brand name, image or identity to somethingvolume_up

The website was not doing a very good job of branding the company.volume_up

brave (adjective)

UK /breɪv/US /breɪv/

adjectiveB1

willing to do things that are difficult, dangerous or painful; not afraidvolume_up

brave men and womenvolume_up

bread (noun)

UK /bred/US /bred/

nounA1

a type of food made from flour, water and usually yeast mixed together and bakedvolume_up

a loaf/slice/piece of breadvolume_up

break (verb)

UK /breɪk/US /breɪk/

nounA1

a short period of time when you stop what you are doing and rest, eat, etc.volume_up

She was on her lunch break.volume_up

verbA1

to be damaged and separated into two or more parts, as a result of force; to damage something in this wayvolume_up

All the windows broke with the force of the blast.volume_up

breakfast (noun)

UK /ˈbrekfəst/US /ˈbrekfəst/

nounA1

the first meal of the dayvolume_up

They were having breakfast when I arrived.volume_up

breast (noun)

UK /brest/US /brest/

nounB2

either of the two round soft parts at the front of a woman’s body that produce milk when she has had a babyvolume_up

She put the baby to her breast.volume_up

breath (noun)

UK /breθ/US /breθ/

nounB1

the air that you take into your lungs and send out againvolume_up

His breath smelt of garlic.volume_up

breathe (verb)

UK /briːð/US /briːð/

verbB1

to take air into your lungs and send it out again through your nose or mouthvolume_up

He breathed deeply before speaking again.volume_up

breathing (noun)

UK /ˈbriːðɪŋ/US /ˈbriːðɪŋ/

nounB1

the action of taking air into the lungs and sending it out againvolume_up

Her breathing became steady and she fell asleep.volume_up

bride (noun)

UK /braɪd/US /braɪd/

nounB1

a woman on her wedding day, or just before or just after itvolume_up

a toast to the bride and groomvolume_up

bridge (noun)

UK /brɪdʒ/US /brɪdʒ/

nounA2

a structure that is built over a road, railway, river, etc. so that people, vehicles, etc. can cross from one side to the othervolume_up

We crossed the bridge over the River Windrush.volume_up

brief (adjective)

UK /briːf/US /briːf/

adjectiveB2

lasting only a short time; shortvolume_up

a brief visit/meeting/conversationvolume_up

bright (adjective)

UK /braɪt/US /braɪt/

adjectiveA2

full of light; shining stronglyvolume_up

bright light/sunshinevolume_up

brilliant (adjective)

UK /ˈbrɪliənt/US /ˈbrɪliənt/

adjectiveA2

extremely clever or impressivevolume_up

What a brilliant idea!volume_up

bring (verb)

UK /brɪŋ/US /brɪŋ/

verbA1

to come to a place with somebody/somethingvolume_up

Don't forget to bring your books with you.volume_up

broad (adjective)

UK /brɔːd/US /brɔːd/

adjectiveB2

widevolume_up

a broad street/avenue/rivervolume_up

broadcast (verb)

UK /ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/US /ˈbrɔːdkæst/

nounB2

a radio or television programmevolume_up

(British English), a party political broadcast (= for example, before an election)volume_up

verbB2

to send out programmes on television or radiovolume_up

The concert will be broadcast live (= at the same time as it takes place) tomorrow evening.volume_up

broken (adjective)

UK /ˈbrəʊkən/US /ˈbrəʊkən/

adjectiveA2

that has been damaged or injured; no longer whole or working correctlyvolume_up

a broken window/platevolume_up

brother (noun)

UK /ˈbrʌðə(r)/US /ˈbrʌðər/

nounA1

a boy or man who has the same parents as another personvolume_up

We're brothers.volume_up

brown (noun)

UK /braʊn/US /braʊn/

adjectiveA1

having the colour of earth or coffeevolume_up

brown eyes/hairvolume_up

nounA1

the colour of earth or coffeevolume_up

leaves of various shades of brownvolume_up

brush (verb)

UK /brʌʃ/US /brʌʃ/

nounA2

an object made of short stiff hairs (called bristles) or wires set in a block of wood or plastic, usually attached to a handle. Brushes are used for many different jobs, such as cleaning, painting and tidying your hair.volume_up

a paintbrushvolume_up

verbA2

to clean, polish or make something smooth with a brushvolume_up

to brush your hair/teethvolume_up

bubble (noun)

UK /ˈbʌbl/US /ˈbʌbl/

nounB1

a ball of air or gas in a liquid, or a ball of air inside a solid substance such as glassvolume_up

champagne bubblesvolume_up

budget (noun)

UK /ˈbʌdʒɪt/US /ˈbʌdʒɪt/

nounB2

the money that is available to a person or an organization and a plan of how it will be spent over a period of timevolume_up

an annual budget of £10 millionvolume_up

build (verb)

UK /bɪld/US /bɪld/

verbA1

to make something, especially a building, by putting parts togethervolume_up

They have permission to build 200 new homes.volume_up

building (noun)

UK /ˈbɪldɪŋ/US /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

nounA1

a structure such as a house or school that has a roof and wallsvolume_up

a tall/high-rise/ten-storey buildingvolume_up

bullet (noun)

UK /ˈbʊlɪt/US /ˈbʊlɪt/

nounB2

a small metal object that is fired from a gunvolume_up

He was found to have a single bullet wound in his chest.volume_up

bunch (noun)

UK /bʌntʃ/US /bʌntʃ/

nounB2

a number of things of the same type which are growing or fastened togethervolume_up

a bunch of bananas, grapes, etc.volume_up

burn (verb)

UK /bɜːn/US /bɜːrn/

nounB2

an injury or a mark caused by fire, heat or acidvolume_up

to have minor/severe/third-degree burnsvolume_up

verbA2

to produce flames and heatvolume_up

A welcoming fire was burning in the fireplace.volume_up

bury (verb)

UK /ˈberi/US /ˈberi/

verbB1

to place a dead body in the groundvolume_up

They killed her and buried her body.volume_up

bus (noun)

UK /bʌs/US /bʌs/

nounA1

a large road vehicle that carries passengers, especially one that travels along a fixed route and stops regularly to let people get on and offvolume_up

Shall we walk or go by bus?volume_up

bush (noun)

UK /bʊʃ/US /bʊʃ/

nounB2

a plant that grows thickly with several hard stems coming up from the rootvolume_up

a rose/holly bushvolume_up

business (noun)

UK /ˈbɪznəs/US /ˈbɪznəs/

nounA1

the activity of making, buying, selling or supplying goods or services for moneyvolume_up

It's been a pleasure to do business with you.volume_up

businessman (noun)

UK /ˈbɪznəsmæn/US /ˈbɪznəsmæn/

nounA2

a man who works in business, especially at a high levelvolume_up

a group of visiting Italian politicians and businessmenvolume_up

busy (adjective)

UK /ˈbɪzi/US /ˈbɪzi/

adjectiveA1

having a lot to do; perhaps not free to do something else because you are working on somethingvolume_up

Are you busy tonight?volume_up

but (preposition)

UK /bət/US /bət/

conjunctionA1

used to introduce a word or phrase that contrasts with what was said beforevolume_up

I got it wrong. It wasn't the red one but the blue one.volume_up

prepositionB2

except; apart fromvolume_up

We've had nothing but trouble with this car.volume_up

butter (noun)

UK /ˈbʌtə(r)/US /ˈbʌtər/

nounA1

a soft yellow food made from cream, used in cooking and for spreading on breadvolume_up

Fry the onions in butter.volume_up

button (noun)

UK /ˈbʌtn/US /ˈbʌtn/

nounA2

a small round piece of metal, plastic, etc. that is sewn onto a piece of clothing and used for fastening two parts togethervolume_up

(British English), to do up/undo your buttonsvolume_up

buy (verb)

UK /baɪ/US /baɪ/

verbA1

to obtain something by paying money for itvolume_up

Where did you buy that dress?volume_up

by (preposition)

UK /baɪ/US /baɪ/

adverbB1

pastvolume_up

Just drive by. Don't stop.volume_up

prepositionA1

used for showing how or in what way something is donevolume_up

The house is heated by gas.volume_up

bye (exclamation)

UK /baɪ/US /baɪ/

exclamationA1

goodbyevolume_up

Bye! See you next week.volume_up

cable (noun)

UK /ˈkeɪbl/US /ˈkeɪbl/

nounB2

a set of wires, covered in plastic or rubber, that carries electricity, phone signals, etc.volume_up

fibre-optic cablevolume_up

cafe (noun)

UK /ˈkæfeɪ/US /kæˈfeɪ/

nounA1

a place where you can buy drinks and simple meals. Alcohol is not usually served in British or American cafes.volume_up

There are small shops and pavement cafes around every corner.volume_up

cake (noun)

UK /keɪk/US /keɪk/

nounA1

a sweet food made from a mixture of flour, eggs, butter, sugar, etc. that is baked in an oven. Cakes are made in various shapes and sizes and are often decorated, for example with cream or icing.volume_up

a piece/slice of cakevolume_up

calculate (verb)

UK /ˈkælkjuleɪt/US /ˈkælkjuleɪt/

verbB2

to use numbers to find out a total number, amount, distance, etc.volume_up

An independent valuer will calculate the value of your property.volume_up

call (verb)

UK /kɔːl/US /kɔːl/

nounA1

the act of speaking to somebody on the phonevolume_up

to get/receive a call from somebodyvolume_up

verbA1

to give somebody/something a particular name; to use a particular name or title when you are talking to somebodyvolume_up

They decided to call the baby Mark.volume_up

calm (verb)

UK /kɑːm/US /kɑːm/

adjectiveB1

not excited, nervous or upsetvolume_up

It is important to keep calm in an emergency.volume_up

nounB1

a quiet and peaceful time or situationvolume_up

The police appealed for calm.volume_up

verbB1

to make somebody/something become quiet and more relaxed, especially after strong emotion or excitementvolume_up

Have some tea; it'll calm your nerves.volume_up

camera (noun)

UK /ˈkæmrə/US /ˈkæmrə/

nounA1

a piece of equipment for taking photographs, moving pictures or television pictures. It can be a separate item or part of another device.volume_up

Just point the camera and press the button.volume_up

camp (verb)

UK /kæmp/US /kæmp/

nounA2

a place where people live temporarily in tents or temporary buildingsvolume_up

Let's return to camp.volume_up

verbA2

to put up a tent and live in it for a short timevolume_up

I camped overnight in a field.volume_up

campaign (verb)

UK /kæmˈpeɪn/US /kæmˈpeɪn/

nounB1

a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aimvolume_up

an anti-smoking campaignvolume_up

verbB1

to take part in or lead a campaign, for example to achieve social or political change, or in order to win an electionvolume_up

The party campaigned vigorously in the north of the country.volume_up

camping (noun)

UK /ˈkæmpɪŋ/US /ˈkæmpɪŋ/

nounA2

living in a tent, etc. on holidayvolume_up

Do you go camping?volume_up

campus (noun)

UK /ˈkæmpəs/US /ˈkæmpəs/

nounB1

the buildings of a university or college and the land around themvolume_up

university/college campusesvolume_up

can (modal verb)

UK /kən/US /kən/

nounA2

a metal container in which food and drink is soldvolume_up

a can of beans/beer/sodavolume_up

modal verbA1

used to say that it is possible for somebody/something to do something, or for something to happenvolume_up

I can run fast.volume_up

cancel (verb)

UK /ˈkænsl/US /ˈkænsl/

verbB2

to decide that something that has been arranged will not now take placevolume_up

All flights have been cancelled because of bad weather.volume_up

cancer (noun)

UK /ˈkænsə(r)/US /ˈkænsər/

nounB2

a serious disease in which growths of cells, also called cancers, form in the body and kill normal body cells. The disease often causes death.volume_up

breast/lung cancervolume_up

candidate (noun)

UK /ˈkændɪdət/US /ˈkændɪdət/

nounB1

a person who is trying to be elected or is applying for a jobvolume_up

a presidential candidatevolume_up

cannot (modal verb)

UK /ˈkænɒt/US /ˈkænɑːt/

modal verbA1

the negative of can; can notvolume_up

I cannot believe the price of the tickets!volume_up

cap (noun)

UK /kæp/US /kæp/

nounB1

a type of soft flat hat with a peak (= a hard curved part sticking out in front). Caps are worn especially by men and boys, often as part of a uniformvolume_up

to wear a cap.volume_up

capable (adjective)

UK /ˈkeɪpəbl/US /ˈkeɪpəbl/

adjectiveB2

having the ability or qualities necessary for doing somethingvolume_up

You are capable of better work than this.volume_up

capacity (noun)

UK /kəˈpæsəti/US /kəˈpæsəti/

nounB2

the number of things or people that a container or space can holdvolume_up

a fuel tank with a maximum capacity of 50 litresvolume_up

capital (noun)

UK /ˈkæpɪtl/US /ˈkæpɪtl/

adjectiveA1

having the form and size used at the beginning of a sentence or a namevolume_up

English is written with a capital ‘E’.volume_up

nounA1

the most important town or city of a country or region, where the government operates fromvolume_up

Cairo is the capital of Egypt.volume_up

captain (noun)

UK /ˈkæptɪn/US /ˈkæptɪn/

nounB1

the person in charge of a ship or commercial aircraftvolume_up

Captain Cookvolume_up

capture (verb)

UK /ˈkæptʃə(r)/US /ˈkæptʃər/

nounB2

the act of capturing somebody/something or of being capturedvolume_up

He evaded capture for three days.volume_up

verbB2

to catch a person or an animal and keep them as a prisoner or shut them in a space that they cannot escape fromvolume_up

Allied troops captured over 300 enemy soldiers.volume_up

car (noun)

UK /kɑː(r)/US /kɑːr/

nounA1

a road vehicle with an engine and four wheels that can carry a small number of passengersvolume_up

Paula got into the car and drove off.volume_up

card (noun)

UK /kɑːd/US /kɑːrd/

nounA1

thick, stiff paper; a piece of this for writing onvolume_up

a piece of cardvolume_up

care (verb)

UK /keə(r)/US /ker/

nounA2

the process of caring for somebody/something and providing what they need for their health or protectionvolume_up

Some people were badly injured and needed medical care.volume_up

verbA2

to feel that something is important and worth worrying aboutvolume_up

I don't care (= I will not be upset) if I never see him again!volume_up

career (noun)

UK /kəˈrɪə(r)/US /kəˈrɪr/

nounA1

the series of jobs that a person has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility as time passesvolume_up

a teaching careervolume_up

careful (adjective)

UK /ˈkeəfl/US /ˈkerfl/

adjectiveA2

giving attention or thought to what you are doing so that you avoid hurting yourself, damaging something or doing something wrongvolume_up

Be careful!volume_up

carefully (adverb)

UK /ˈkeəfəli/US /ˈkerfəli/

adverbA2

with a lot of attention or thought, so that you avoid hurting yourself, damaging something or doing something wrongvolume_up

Drive carefully.volume_up

careless (adjective)

UK /ˈkeələs/US /ˈkerləs/

adjectiveB1

not giving enough attention and thought to what you are doing, so that you make mistakesvolume_up

careless drivingvolume_up

carpet (noun)

UK /ˈkɑːpɪt/US /ˈkɑːrpɪt/

nounA2

a piece of thick woven material made of wool, etc., used to cover the floor of a room or stairs; the material used for carpetsvolume_up

He spent the morning laying the new carpet.volume_up

carrot (noun)

UK /ˈkærət/US /ˈkærət/

nounA1

a long pointed orange root vegetablevolume_up

grated carrotvolume_up

carry (verb)

UK /ˈkæri/US /ˈkæri/

verbA1

to support the weight of somebody/something and take them or it from place to place; to take somebody/something from one place to anothervolume_up

He was carrying a large bag.volume_up

cartoon (noun)

UK /kɑːˈtuːn/US /kɑːrˈtuːn/

nounA2

a humorous drawing in a newspaper or magazine, especially one about politics or events in the newsvolume_up

a political/satirical cartoonvolume_up

case (noun)

UK /keɪs/US /keɪs/

nounA2

a particular situation or a situation of a particular typevolume_up

In some cases people have had to wait several weeks for an appointment.volume_up

cash (noun)

UK /kæʃ/US /kæʃ/

nounA2

money in the form of coins or notesvolume_up

How much cash do you have on you?volume_up

cast (verb)

UK /kɑːst/US /kæst/

nounB2

all the people who act in a play or filmvolume_up

an all-star cast (= including many well-known actors)volume_up

verbB2

to look, smile, etc. in a particular directionvolume_up

She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.volume_up

castle (noun)

UK /ˈkɑːsl/US /ˈkæsl/

nounA2

a large strong building with thick, high walls and towers, built in the past by kings or queens, or other important people, to defend themselves against attackvolume_up

a medieval castlevolume_up

cat (noun)

UK /kæt/US /kæt/

nounA1

a small animal with soft fur that people often keep as a pet. Cats catch and kill birds and mice.volume_up

a tin of cat foodvolume_up

catch (verb)

UK /kætʃ/US /kætʃ/

nounB2

an act of catching something, for example a ballvolume_up

Roger made some brilliant catches at today's game.volume_up

verbA2

to stop and hold a moving object or person, especially in your handsvolume_up

She managed to catch the keys as they fell.volume_up

category (noun)

UK /ˈkætəɡəri/US /ˈkætəɡɔːri/

nounB1

a group of people or things with particular features in commonvolume_up

These are the nominees from each category.volume_up

cause (verb)

UK /kɔːz/US /kɔːz/

nounA2

the person or thing that makes something happenvolume_up

Unemployment is a major cause of poverty.volume_up

verbA2

to make something happen, especially something bad or unpleasant; to make somebody do somethingvolume_up

Do they know what caused the fire?volume_up

cd (noun)

UK /ˌsiː ˈdiː/US /ˌsiː ˈdiː/

nounA1

a small disc on which sound or information is recorded. CDs can be played or read on various types of machines, including CD players and computers. (the abbreviation for ‘compact disc’)volume_up

His albums are available on CD and online.volume_up

ceiling (noun)

UK /ˈsiːlɪŋ/US /ˈsiːlɪŋ/

nounB1

the top inside surface of a roomvolume_up

a large room with a high ceilingvolume_up

celebrate (verb)

UK /ˈselɪbreɪt/US /ˈselɪbreɪt/

verbA2

to show that a day or an event is important by doing something special on itvolume_up

Jake's passed his exams. We're going out to celebrate.volume_up

celebration (noun)

UK /ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn/US /ˌselɪˈbreɪʃn/

nounB1

a special event that people organize in order to celebrate somethingvolume_up

The occasion was the 40th anniversary celebrations of the orchestra.volume_up

celebrity (noun)

UK /səˈlebrəti/US /səˈlebrəti/

nounA2

a famous personvolume_up

a celebrity chefvolume_up

cell (noun)

UK /sel/US /sel/

nounB2

the smallest unit of living matter that can exist on its own. All plants and animals are made up of cells.volume_up

red and white blood cellsvolume_up

cent (noun)

UK /sent/US /sent/

nounA1

a coin and unit of money worth 1% of the main unit of money in many countries, for example of the US dollar or of the eurovolume_up

A one-minute phone call to the UK cost 10 cents.volume_up

central (adjective)

UK /ˈsentrəl/US /ˈsentrəl/

adjectiveB1

in the centre of an area or objectvolume_up

central Londonvolume_up

centre (verb)

UK /ˈsentə(r)/US /ˈsentər/

nounA1

the middle point or part of somethingvolume_up

He walked to the centre of the circle.volume_up

verbB1

to be the person or thing around which most activity takes place; to make somebody/something the central person or thingvolume_up

State occasions always centred around the king.volume_up

century (noun)

UK /ˈsentʃəri/US /ˈsentʃəri/

nounA1

a period of 100 yearsvolume_up

Valparaiso was the country's main port.volume_up

ceremony (noun)

UK /ˈserəməni/US /ˈserəməʊni/

nounB1

a public or religious occasion that includes a series of formal or traditional actionsvolume_up

More than 1 000 people attended the ceremony.volume_up

certain (adjective)

UK /ˈsɜːtn/US /ˈsɜːrtn/

adjectiveA2

strongly believing something; having no doubtsvolume_up

I think it was him, but I can't be certain.volume_up

certainly (adverb)

UK /ˈsɜːtnli/US /ˈsɜːrtnli/

adverbA2

without doubtvolume_up

Without treatment, she will almost certainly die.volume_up

chain (verb)

UK /tʃeɪn/US /tʃeɪn/

nounB1

a series of connected metal rings, used for pulling or fastening things; a length of chain used for a particular purposevolume_up

She wore a heavy gold chain around her neck.volume_up

verbB2

to fasten something with a chain; to fasten somebody/something to another person or thing with a chain, so that they do not escape or get stolenvolume_up

The doors were always locked and chained.volume_up

chair (verb)

UK /tʃeə(r)/US /tʃer/

nounA1

a piece of furniture for one person to sit on, with a back, a seat and four legsvolume_up

a table and chairsvolume_up

verbB2

to act as the chairman or chairwoman of a meeting, discussion, etc.volume_up

to chair a committeevolume_up

chairman (noun)

UK /ˈtʃeəmən/US /ˈtʃermən/

nounB2

the person in charge of a meeting, who tells people when they can speak, etc.volume_up

Sir Herbert took it upon himself to act as chairman.volume_up

challenge (verb)

UK /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/US /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/

nounB1

a new or difficult task that tests somebody’s ability and skillvolume_up

a tough/major/significant challengevolume_up

verbB2

to question whether a statement or an action is right, legal, etc.; to refuse to accept somethingvolume_up

His legal team immediately sought to challenge the decision.volume_up

champion (noun)

UK /ˈtʃæmpiən/US /ˈtʃæmpiən/

nounB1

a person, team, etc. that has won a competition, especially in a sportvolume_up

the world/European/national/Olympic championvolume_up

chance (noun)

UK /tʃɑːns/US /tʃæns/

nounA2

a possibility of something happening, especially something that you wantvolume_up

She only has a slim chance of passing the exam.volume_up

change (verb)

UK /tʃeɪndʒ/US /tʃeɪndʒ/

nounA1

the act or result of something becoming differentvolume_up

We're hoping for a change in the weather.volume_up

verbA1

to become differentvolume_up

Rick hasn't changed. He looks exactly the same as he did at school.volume_up

channel (noun)

UK /ˈtʃænl/US /ˈtʃænl/

nounB1

a television stationvolume_up

a television/TV channelvolume_up

chapter (noun)

UK /ˈtʃæptə(r)/US /ˈtʃæptər/

nounB1

a separate section of a book, usually with a number or titlevolume_up

to read/write a chaptervolume_up

character (noun)

UK /ˈkærəktə(r)/US /ˈkærəktər/

nounA2

a person or an animal in a book, play or filmvolume_up

the main character in the filmvolume_up

characteristic (noun)

UK /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/US /ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk/

adjectiveB2

very typical of something or of somebody’s charactervolume_up

Community support of families is characteristic of many societies.volume_up

nounB2

a typical feature or quality that something/somebody hasvolume_up

There were few similarities in the brothers' physical characteristics.volume_up

charge (verb)

UK /tʃɑːdʒ/US /tʃɑːrdʒ/

nounB1

the amount of money that somebody asks for goods and servicesvolume_up

admission chargesvolume_up

verbB1

to ask an amount of money for goods or a servicevolume_up

The fees charged by some companies are excessive.volume_up

charity (noun)

UK /ˈtʃærəti/US /ˈtʃærəti/

nounA2

an organization for helping people in needvolume_up

a registered charityvolume_up

chart (verb)

UK /tʃɑːt/US /tʃɑːrt/

nounA1

a diagram, lists of figures, etc. that shows informationvolume_up

Some shares have lost two-thirds of their value since being issued (see chart).volume_up

verbB2

to record or follow the progress or development of somebody/somethingvolume_up

The exhibition charts the history of the palace.volume_up

chat (verb)

UK /tʃæt/US /tʃæt/

nounA2

a friendly informal conversationvolume_up

I just called in for a chat.volume_up

verbA2

to talk in a friendly, informal way to somebodyvolume_up

I'm sorry I can't stop to chat.volume_up

cheap (adverb)

UK /tʃiːp/US /tʃiːp/

adjectiveA1

costing little money or less money than you expectedvolume_up

cheap imports/flightsvolume_up

adverbB1

for a low pricevolume_up

I got this dress cheap in a sale.volume_up

cheat (verb)

UK /tʃiːt/US /tʃiːt/

nounB1

a person who cheats, especially in a gamevolume_up

You little cheat!volume_up

verbB1

to trick somebody or make them believe something that is not truevolume_up

She is accused of attempting to cheat the taxman.volume_up

check (verb)

UK /tʃek/US /tʃek/

nounA2

an act of making sure that something is safe, correct or in good condition by examining itvolume_up

Could you give the tyres a check?volume_up

verbA1

to examine something to see if it is correct, safe or acceptablevolume_up

She gave me the minutes of the meeting to read and check.volume_up

cheerful (adjective)

UK /ˈtʃɪəfl/US /ˈtʃɪrfl/

adjectiveB1

happy, and showing it by the way that you behavevolume_up

You're not your usual cheerful self today.volume_up

cheese (noun)

UK /tʃiːz/US /tʃiːz/

nounA1

a type of food made from milk that can be either soft or hard and is usually white or yellow in colour; a particular type of this foodvolume_up

Cheddar cheesevolume_up

chef (noun)

UK /ʃef/US /ʃef/

nounA2

a person whose job is to cook, especially the most senior person in a restaurant, hotel, etc.volume_up

a new book by celebrity chef Jamie Olivervolume_up

chemical (noun)

UK /ˈkemɪkl/US /ˈkemɪkl/

adjectiveB1

connected with chemistryvolume_up

changes in the chemical composition of the atmospherevolume_up

nounB1

a substance obtained by or used in a chemical processvolume_up

toxic chemicalsvolume_up

chemistry (noun)

UK /ˈkemɪstri/US /ˈkemɪstri/

nounA2

the scientific study of the structure of substances, how they react when combined or in contact with one another, and how they behave under different conditionsvolume_up

a degree in chemistryvolume_up

chest (noun)

UK /tʃest/US /tʃest/

nounB1

the top part of the front of the body, between the neck and the stomachvolume_up

chest painsvolume_up

chicken (noun)

UK /ˈtʃɪkɪn/US /ˈtʃɪkɪn/

nounA1

a large bird that is often kept for its eggs or meatvolume_up

They keep chickens in the back yard.volume_up

chief (noun)

UK /tʃiːf/US /tʃiːf/

adjectiveB2

most importantvolume_up

the chief cause/problem/reasonvolume_up

nounB2

a person with a high rank or the highest rank in a company or an organizationvolume_up

army/police chiefsvolume_up

child (noun)

UK /tʃaɪld/US /tʃaɪld/

nounA1

a young human who is not yet an adultvolume_up

a child of 3/a 3-year-old childvolume_up

childhood (noun)

UK /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/US /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/

nounB1

the period of somebody’s life when they are a childvolume_up

childhood, adolescence, and adulthoodvolume_up

chip (noun)

UK /tʃɪp/US /tʃɪp/

nounA2

a long thin piece of potato fried in oil or fatvolume_up

He was eating a burger and chips.volume_up

chocolate (noun)

UK /ˈtʃɒklət/US /ˈtʃɔːklət/

nounA1

a hard brown sweet food made from cocoa beans, used in cooking to add taste to cakes, etc. or eaten as a sweetvolume_up

a chocolate barvolume_up

choice (noun)

UK /tʃɔɪs/US /tʃɔɪs/

nounA2

an act of choosing between two or more possibilities; something that you can choosevolume_up

We are faced with a difficult choice.volume_up

choose (verb)

UK /tʃuːz/US /tʃuːz/

verbA1

to decide which thing or person you want out of the ones that are availablevolume_up

You choose—I can't decide.volume_up

church (noun)

UK /tʃɜːtʃ/US /tʃɜːrtʃ/

nounA2

a building where Christians go to attend services, pray, etc.volume_up

The procession moved into the church.volume_up

cigarette (noun)

UK /ˌsɪɡəˈret/US /ˈsɪɡəret/

nounA2

a thin tube of paper filled with tobacco, for smokingvolume_up

to smoke/have a cigarettevolume_up

cinema (noun)

UK /ˈsɪnəmə/US /ˈsɪnəmə/

nounA1

a building in which films are shownvolume_up

the local cinemavolume_up

circle (verb)

UK /ˈsɜːkl/US /ˈsɜːrkl/

nounA2

a completely round flat shapevolume_up

the centre/circumference/radius/diameter of a circlevolume_up

verbA2

to draw a circle around somethingvolume_up

Luke circled a date on the kitchen calendar.volume_up

circumstance (noun)

UK /ˈsɜːkəmstəns/US /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

nounB2

the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an actionvolume_up

Police said there were no suspicious circumstances surrounding the boy's death.volume_up

cite (verb)

UK /saɪt/US /saɪt/

verbB2

to mention something as a reason or an example, or in order to support what you are sayingvolume_up

She cited examples of companies the city has helped relocate or expand.volume_up

citizen (noun)

UK /ˈsɪtɪzn/US /ˈsɪtɪzn/

nounB2

a person who has the legal right to belong to a particular countryvolume_up

The defeat of the president did not change the lives of ordinary citizens for the better.volume_up

city (noun)

UK /ˈsɪti/US /ˈsɪti/

nounA1

a large and important townvolume_up

Parking is difficult in the city centre.volume_up

civil (adjective)

UK /ˈsɪvl/US /ˈsɪvl/

adjectiveB2

connected with the people who live in a countryvolume_up

civil unrest (= that is caused by groups of people within a country)volume_up

claim (verb)

UK /kleɪm/US /kleɪm/

nounB1

a statement that something is true although it has not been proved and other people may not agree with or believe itvolume_up

The company had made false claims about its products.volume_up

verbB1

to say that something is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe itvolume_up

He claims (that) he was not given a fair hearing.volume_up

class (noun)

UK /klɑːs/US /klæs/

nounA1

a group of students who are taught togethervolume_up

We were in the same class at school.volume_up

classic (noun)

UK /ˈklæsɪk/US /ˈklæsɪk/

adjectiveB2

accepted or deserving to be accepted as one of the best or most important of its kindvolume_up

a classic film/story/car/gamevolume_up

nounB2

a book, film or song which is well known and considered to be of very high quality, setting standards for other books, etc.volume_up

The film is now a cult classic.volume_up

classical (adjective)

UK /ˈklæsɪkl/US /ˈklæsɪkl/

adjectiveA2

relating to classical musicvolume_up

a classical composer/musician/pianistvolume_up

classroom (noun)

UK /ˈklɑːsruːm/US /ˈklæsruːm/

nounA1

a room where a class of children or students is taughtvolume_up

classroom activitiesvolume_up

clause (noun)

UK /klɔːz/US /klɔːz/

nounB1

a group of words that includes a subject and a verb, and forms a sentence or part of a sentencevolume_up

There are languages that require the subject to come before the object in a clause.volume_up

clean (verb)

UK /kliːn/US /kliːn/

adjectiveA1

not dirtyvolume_up

Are your hands clean?volume_up

verbA1

to remove the dirt or dust from somethingvolume_up

I spent all day cooking and cleaning.volume_up

clear (verb)

UK /klɪə(r)/US /klɪr/

adjectiveA2

easy to understand and not confusingvolume_up

She gave me clear and precise directions.volume_up

verbB1

to remove things that are not wanted or needed from somethingvolume_up

The settlers cleared the land and planted crops.volume_up

clearly (adverb)

UK /ˈklɪəli/US /ˈklɪrli/

adverbA2

in a way that is easy to see or hearvolume_up

Please speak clearly after the tone.volume_up

clever (adjective)

UK /ˈklevə(r)/US /ˈklevər/

adjectiveA2

quick at learning and understanding thingsvolume_up

a clever childvolume_up

click (verb)

UK /klɪk/US /klɪk/

nounB1

the act of pressing the button on a computer mouse or touchpadvolume_up

a mouse clickvolume_up

verbB1

to choose a particular function or item on a computer screen, etc., by pressing one of the buttons on a mouse or touchpadvolume_up

Click here to add your opinion to the survey.volume_up

client (noun)

UK /ˈklaɪənt/US /ˈklaɪənt/

nounB1

a person who uses the services or advice of a professional person or organizationvolume_up

She's a well-known lawyer with many famous clients.volume_up

climate (noun)

UK /ˈklaɪmət/US /ˈklaɪmət/

nounA2

the regular pattern of weather conditions of a particular placevolume_up

a tropical/warm/mild/temperate/cold climatevolume_up

climb (verb)

UK /klaɪm/US /klaɪm/

nounB1

an act of climbing up a mountain, rock or large number of steps; a period of time spent climbingvolume_up

an exhausting climbvolume_up

verbA1

to go up something towards the topvolume_up

climb (up) something, to climb a mountain/treevolume_up

clock (noun)

UK /klɒk/US /klɑːk/

nounA1

an instrument for measuring and showing time, in a room, on the wall of a building or on a computer screen (not worn or carried like a watch)volume_up

The clock struck twelve/midnight.volume_up

close (verb)

UK /kləʊz/US /kləʊz/

adjectiveA2

near in space or timevolume_up

I had no idea the beach was so close.volume_up

adverbB1

near; not far awayvolume_up

They sat close together.volume_up

nounB2

the end of a period of time or an activityvolume_up

at the close of the seventeenth centuryvolume_up

verbA1

to put something into a position so that it covers an opening; to get into this positionvolume_up

He closed the door firmly.volume_up

closed (adjective)

UK /kləʊzd/US /kləʊzd/

adjectiveA2

shutvolume_up

Keep the door closed.volume_up

closely (adverb)

UK /ˈkləʊsli/US /ˈkləʊsli/

adverbB2

near in space or timevolume_up

He walked into the room, closely followed by the rest of the family.volume_up

cloth (noun)

UK /klɒθ/US /klɔːθ/

nounB1

material made by weaving or knitting cotton, wool, silk, etc.volume_up

woollen/cotton/linen clothvolume_up

clothes (noun)

UK /kləʊðz/US /kləʊðz/

nounA1

the things that you wear, such as trousers, dresses and jacketsvolume_up

I bought some new clothes for the trip.volume_up

clothing (noun)

UK /ˈkləʊðɪŋ/US /ˈkləʊðɪŋ/

nounA2

clothes, especially a particular type of clothesvolume_up

Workers at the factory wear protective clothing.volume_up

cloud (noun)

UK /klaʊd/US /klaʊd/

nounA2

a grey or white mass that floats in the sky, made of very small drops of watervolume_up

Dark clouds were gathering in the west.volume_up

club (noun)

UK /klʌb/US /klʌb/

nounA1

an organization for people who share an interest or do a sport or activity togethervolume_up

a golf/tennis/chess/film clubvolume_up

clue (noun)

UK /kluː/US /kluː/

nounB1

an object, a piece of evidence or some information that helps the police solve a crimevolume_up

The burglar left no clues.volume_up

coach (verb)

UK /kəʊtʃ/US /kəʊtʃ/

nounA2

a person who trains a person or team in sportvolume_up

the head/assistant coachvolume_up

verbB1

to train somebody to play a sport, to do a job better, or to improve a skillvolume_up

He has coached the team for five years.volume_up

coal (noun)

UK /kəʊl/US /kəʊl/

nounB1

a hard black mineral that is found below the ground and burnt to produce heatvolume_up

I put more coal on the fire.volume_up

coast (noun)

UK /kəʊst/US /kəʊst/

nounA2

the land next to or near to the sea or oceanvolume_up

a trip to the coastvolume_up

coat (noun)

UK /kəʊt/US /kəʊt/

nounA1

a piece of outdoor clothing that is worn over other clothes to keep warm or dry. Coats have sleeves (= parts covering the arms) and may be long or short.volume_up

to wear a coatvolume_up

code (noun)

UK /kəʊd/US /kəʊd/

nounA2

a system of words, letters, numbers or symbols that represent a message or record information secretly or in a shorter formvolume_up

to break/crack a code (= to understand and read the message)volume_up

coffee (noun)

UK /ˈkɒfi/US /ˈkɔːfi/

nounA1

the roasted seeds (called coffee beans) of a tropical bush; a powder made from themvolume_up

ground/real/instant coffeevolume_up

coin (noun)

UK /kɔɪn/US /kɔɪn/

nounB1

a small flat piece of metal used as moneyvolume_up

gold coinsvolume_up

cold (noun)

UK /kəʊld/US /kəʊld/

adjectiveA1

having a lower than usual temperature; having a temperature lower than the human bodyvolume_up

I'm cold. Turn the heating up.volume_up

nounA1

a common illness that affects the nose and/or throat, making you cough, sneeze, etc.volume_up

I've got a cold.volume_up

collapse (verb)

UK /kəˈlæps/US /kəˈlæps/

nounB2

a sudden failure of something, such as an institution, a business or a course of actionvolume_up

the collapse of the Soviet Unionvolume_up

verbB2

to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apartvolume_up

The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.volume_up

colleague (noun)

UK /ˈkɒliːɡ/US /ˈkɑːliːɡ/

nounA2

a person that you work with, especially in a profession or a businessvolume_up

work/senior/male colleaguesvolume_up

collect (verb)

UK /kəˈlekt/US /kəˈlekt/

verbA2

to bring things together from different people or placesvolume_up

to collect data/evidence/informationvolume_up

collection (noun)

UK /kəˈlekʃn/US /kəˈlekʃn/

nounB1

a group of objects, often of the same sort, that have been collectedvolume_up

He wanted to share his vast art collection with the world.volume_up

college (noun)

UK /ˈkɒlɪdʒ/US /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

nounA1

(in the UK) a place where students go to study or to receive training after they have left schoolvolume_up

a secretarial collegevolume_up

colour (noun)

UK /ˈkʌlə(r)/US /ˈkʌlər/

nounA1

the appearance that things have that results from the way in which they reflect light. Red, orange and green are colours.volume_up

What's your favourite colour?volume_up

coloured (adjective)

UK /ˈkʌləd/US /ˈkʌlərd/

adjectiveB1

having a particular colour or different coloursvolume_up

brightly coloured balloonsvolume_up

column (noun)

UK /ˈkɒləm/US /ˈkɑːləm/

nounA2

one of the straight sections from top to bottom into which text on a page or screen is dividedvolume_up

a dictionary with two columns per pagevolume_up

combination (noun)

UK /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/US /ˌkɑːmbɪˈneɪʃn/

nounB2

two or more things joined or mixed together to form a single unitvolume_up

The tragedy was due to a combination of factors.volume_up

combine (verb)

UK /kəmˈbaɪn/US /kəmˈbaɪn/

verbB1

to come together to form a single thing or group; to join two or more things or groups together to form a single onevolume_up

Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.volume_up

come (verb)

UK /kʌm/US /kʌm/

verbA1

to move to or towards a person or placevolume_up

He left and said he was never coming back.volume_up

comedy (noun)

UK /ˈkɒmədi/US /ˈkɑːmədi/

nounA2

a play, film or TV show that is intended to be funny, usually with a happy ending; plays, films and TV shows of this typevolume_up

a romantic comedyvolume_up

comfort (verb)

UK /ˈkʌmfət/US /ˈkʌmfərt/

nounB2

the state of being physically relaxed and free from pain; the state of having a pleasant life, with everything that you needvolume_up

The hotel offers a high standard of comfort and service.volume_up

verbB2

to make somebody who is worried or unhappy feel better by being kind and showing sympathy to themvolume_up

The victim's widow was today being comforted by family and friends.volume_up

comfortable (adjective)

UK /ˈkʌmftəbl/US /ˈkʌmftəbl/

adjectiveA2

making you feel physically relaxed; pleasant to wear, sit on, etc.volume_up

It's such a comfortable bed.volume_up

command (verb)

UK /kəˈmɑːnd/US /kəˈmænd/

nounB2

an order given to a person or an animalvolume_up

Begin when I give the command.volume_up

verbB2

to tell somebody to do somethingvolume_up

He commanded his men to retreat.volume_up

comment (verb)

UK /ˈkɒment/US /ˈkɑːment/

nounA2

something that you say or write that gives an opinion on or explains somebody/somethingvolume_up

She made helpful comments on my work.volume_up

verbB1

to express an opinion about somethingvolume_up

He refused to comment until after the trial.volume_up

commercial (noun)

UK /kəˈmɜːʃl/US /kəˈmɜːrʃl/

adjectiveB1

connected with the buying and selling of goods and servicesvolume_up

residential and commercial propertiesvolume_up

nounB1

an advertisement on television, on the radio or on a websitevolume_up

a TV/television commercialvolume_up

commission (verb)

UK /kəˈmɪʃn/US /kəˈmɪʃn/

nounB2

an official group of people who have been given responsibility to control something, or to find out about something, usually for the governmentvolume_up

The commission is expected to report its findings next month.volume_up

verbB2

to officially ask somebody to write, make or create something or to do a task for youvolume_up

She has been commissioned to write a new national anthem.volume_up

commit (verb)

UK /kəˈmɪt/US /kəˈmɪt/

verbB1

to do something wrong or illegalvolume_up

to commit a crime/an offencevolume_up

commitment (noun)

UK /kəˈmɪtmənt/US /kəˈmɪtmənt/

nounB2

a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support somebody/something; the fact of committing yourselfvolume_up

I'm not ready to make a long-term commitment.volume_up

committee (noun)

UK /kəˈmɪti/US /kəˈmɪti/

nounB2

a group of people who are chosen, usually by a larger group, to make decisions or to deal with a particular subjectvolume_up

an executive/advisory/organizing committeevolume_up

common (adjective)

UK /ˈkɒmən/US /ˈkɑːmən/

adjectiveA1

happening often; existing in large numbers or in many placesvolume_up

a common problem/occurrence/practicevolume_up

commonly (adverb)

UK /ˈkɒmənli/US /ˈkɑːmənli/

adverbB2

usually; very often; by most peoplevolume_up

Christopher is commonly known as Kit.volume_up

communicate (verb)

UK /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/US /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/

verbA2

to share or exchange information, news, ideas, feelings, etc.volume_up

We only communicate by email.volume_up

communication (noun)

UK /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/US /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/

nounB1

the activity or process of expressing ideas and feelings or of giving people informationvolume_up

Good communication between team leaders and members is essential.volume_up

community (noun)

UK /kəˈmjuːnəti/US /kəˈmjuːnəti/

nounA2

all the people who live in a particular area, country, etc. when talked about as a groupvolume_up

The local community supported us from the start.volume_up

company (noun)

UK /ˈkʌmpəni/US /ˈkʌmpəni/

nounA1

a business organization that makes money by producing or selling goods or servicesvolume_up

insurance/oil/tech/technology/pharmaceutical companiesvolume_up

compare (verb)

UK /kəmˈpeə(r)/US /kəmˈper/

verbA1

to examine people or things to see how they are similar and how they are differentvolume_up

It is interesting to compare their situation and ours.volume_up

comparison (noun)

UK /kəmˈpærɪsn/US /kəmˈpærɪsn/

nounB1

the process of comparing two or more people or thingsvolume_up

For Durkheim, comparison was the most important method of analysis in sociology.volume_up

compete (verb)

UK /kəmˈpiːt/US /kəmˈpiːt/

verbA2

to take part in a contest or gamevolume_up

The games were an outstanding success, with almost 2 400 athletes competing.volume_up

competition (noun)

UK /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/US /ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃn/

nounA2

an event in which people compete with each other to find out who is the best at somethingvolume_up

a design/an art/a talent competitionvolume_up

competitive (adjective)

UK /kəmˈpetətɪv/US /kəmˈpetətɪv/

adjectiveB1

used to describe a situation in which people or organizations compete against each othervolume_up

competitive games/sportsvolume_up

competitor (noun)

UK /kəmˈpetɪtə(r)/US /kəmˈpetɪtər/

nounB1

a person who takes part in a competitionvolume_up

Over 200 competitors entered the race.volume_up

complain (verb)

UK /kəmˈpleɪn/US /kəmˈpleɪn/

verbA2

to say that you are annoyed, unhappy or not satisfied about somebody/somethingvolume_up

She never complains, but she's obviously exhausted.volume_up

complaint (noun)

UK /kəmˈpleɪnt/US /kəmˈpleɪnt/

nounB1

a reason for not being satisfied; a statement that somebody makes saying that they are not satisfiedvolume_up

a formal complaintvolume_up

complete (verb)

UK /kəmˈpliːt/US /kəmˈpliːt/

adjectiveA1

including all the parts, etc. that are necessary; wholevolume_up

a complete list/sequence/picture/profilevolume_up

verbA1

to finish making or doing somethingvolume_up

to complete a course/projectvolume_up

completely (adverb)

UK /kəmˈpliːtli/US /kəmˈpliːtli/

adverbA2

in every way possible; in every partvolume_up

It was completely different from how I had imagined it.volume_up

complex (noun)

UK /ˈkɒmpleks/US /ˈkɑːmpleks/

adjectiveB1

made of many different things or parts that are connected; difficult to understandvolume_up

a complex problem/issue/process/systemvolume_up

nounB2

a group of buildings of a similar type together in one placevolume_up

a sports/leisure/shopping complexvolume_up

complicated (adjective)

UK /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/US /ˈkɑːmplɪkeɪtɪd/

adjectiveB2

made of many different things or parts that are connected; difficult to understandvolume_up

a complicated issue/process/systemvolume_up

component (noun)

UK /kəmˈpəʊnənt/US /kəmˈpəʊnənt/

nounB2

one of several parts of which something is madevolume_up

the different organizations involved in the design of the various componentsvolume_up

computer (noun)

UK /kəmˈpjuːtə(r)/US /kəmˈpjuːtər/

nounA1

an electronic machine that can store, organize and find information, do processes with numbers and other data, and control other machinesvolume_up

a home computervolume_up

concentrate (verb)

UK /ˈkɒnsntreɪt/US /ˈkɑːnsntreɪt/

verbB1

to give all your attention to something and not think about anything elsevolume_up

I can't concentrate with all that noise going on.volume_up

concentration (noun)

UK /ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn/US /ˌkɑːnsnˈtreɪʃn/

nounB2

the ability to direct all your effort and attention on one thing, without thinking of other thingsvolume_up

This book requires a great deal of concentration.volume_up

concept (noun)

UK /ˈkɒnsept/US /ˈkɑːnsept/

nounB2

an idea or a principle that is connected with something abstractvolume_up

the concept of social classvolume_up

concern (verb)

UK /kənˈsɜːn/US /kənˈsɜːrn/

nounB2

a feeling of worry, especially one that is shared by many peoplevolume_up

Villagers expressed concern about the level of traffic.volume_up

verbB2

to affect somebody/something; to involve somebody/somethingvolume_up

Don't interfere in what doesn't concern you.volume_up

concerned (adjective)

UK /kənˈsɜːnd/US /kənˈsɜːrnd/

adjectiveB2

worried and feeling concern about something/somebodyvolume_up

Concerned citizens can have a huge impact.volume_up

concert (noun)

UK /ˈkɒnsət/US /ˈkɑːnsərt/

nounA1

a public performance of musicvolume_up

to attend/go to a concertvolume_up

conclude (verb)

UK /kənˈkluːd/US /kənˈkluːd/

verbB1

to decide or believe something as a result of what you have heard or seenvolume_up

It is too early for us to conclude anything.volume_up

conclusion (noun)

UK /kənˈkluːʒn/US /kənˈkluːʒn/

nounB1

something that you decide when you have thought about all the information connected with the situationvolume_up

We can safely draw some conclusions from our discussion.volume_up

condition (noun)

UK /kənˈdɪʃn/US /kənˈdɪʃn/

nounA2

the state that something is involume_up

in… condition, to be in pristine/excellent/perfect conditionvolume_up

conduct (verb)

UK /kənˈdʌkt/US /kənˈdʌkt/

nounB2

a person’s behaviour in a particular place or in a particular situationvolume_up

The sport has a strict code of conduct.volume_up

verbB2

to organize and/or do a particular activityvolume_up

to conduct an experiment/inquiry/investigation/interviewvolume_up

conference (noun)

UK /ˈkɒnfərəns/US /ˈkɑːnfərəns/

nounA2

a large official meeting, usually lasting for a few days, at which people with the same work or interests come together to discuss their viewsvolume_up

The hotel is used for exhibitions, conferences and social events.volume_up

confidence (noun)

UK /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/US /ˈkɑːnfɪdəns/

nounB2

the feeling that you can trust, believe in and be sure about the abilities or good qualities of somebody/somethingvolume_up

The president's actions hardly inspire confidence.volume_up

confident (adjective)

UK /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/US /ˈkɑːnfɪdənt/

adjectiveB1

feeling sure about your own ability to do things and be successfulvolume_up

She was in a relaxed, confident mood.volume_up

confirm (verb)

UK /kənˈfɜːm/US /kənˈfɜːrm/

verbB1

to state or show that something is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidencevolume_up

His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions.volume_up

conflict (verb)

UK /kənˈflɪkt/US /kənˈflɪkt/

nounB2

a situation in which people, groups or countries disagree strongly or are involved in a serious argumentvolume_up

The violence was the result of political conflicts.volume_up

verbB2

if two ideas, beliefs, stories, etc. conflict, it is not possible for them to exist together or for them both to be truevolume_up

Reports conflicted on how much of the aid was reaching the famine victims.volume_up

confuse (verb)

UK /kənˈfjuːz/US /kənˈfjuːz/

verbB1

to make somebody unable to think clearly or understand somethingvolume_up

These two sets of statistics are guaranteed to confuse the public.volume_up

confused (adjective)

UK /kənˈfjuːzd/US /kənˈfjuːzd/

adjectiveB1

unable to think clearly or to understand what is happening or what somebody is sayingvolume_up

I'm confused—say all that again.volume_up

confusing (adjective)

UK /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/US /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/

adjectiveB2

difficult to understand; not clearvolume_up

The instructions on the box are very confusing.volume_up

connect (verb)

UK /kəˈnekt/US /kəˈnekt/

verbA2

to join together two or more things; to be joined togethervolume_up

The towns are connected by train and bus services.volume_up

connected (adjective)

UK /kəˈnektɪd/US /kəˈnektɪd/

adjectiveA2

(of two or more things or people) having a link between themvolume_up

We do not believe that the incidents are connected.volume_up

connection (noun)

UK /kəˈnekʃn/US /kəˈnekʃn/

nounB1

something that connects two facts, ideas, etc.volume_up

Scientists have established a connection between cholesterol levels and heart disease.volume_up

conscious (adjective)

UK /ˈkɒnʃəs/US /ˈkɑːnʃəs/

adjectiveB2

aware of something; noticing somethingvolume_up

She's very conscious of the problems involved.volume_up

consequence (noun)

UK /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/US /ˈkɑːnsɪkwens/

nounB1

a result of something that has happened, especially an unpleasant resultvolume_up

Remember that actions have consequences.volume_up

conservative (noun)

UK /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/US /kənˈsɜːrvətɪv/

adjectiveB2

opposed to great or sudden social change; showing that you prefer traditional styles and valuesvolume_up

the conservative views of his parentsvolume_up

nounB2

a conservative personvolume_up

social/religious conservativesvolume_up

consider (verb)

UK /kənˈsɪdə(r)/US /kənˈsɪdər/

verbA2

to think about something carefully, especially in order to make a decisionvolume_up

I'd like some time to consider.volume_up

consideration (noun)

UK /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn/US /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃn/

nounB2

the act of thinking carefully about somethingvolume_up

An employer is legally bound to give due consideration to the request.volume_up

consist (verb)

UK /kənˈsɪst/US /kənˈsɪst/

consistent (adjective)

UK /kənˈsɪstənt/US /kənˈsɪstənt/

adjectiveB2

always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, standards, etc.volume_up

a consistent approach to the problemvolume_up

constant (adjective)

UK /ˈkɒnstənt/US /ˈkɑːnstənt/

adjectiveB2

happening all the time or repeatedlyvolume_up

There were constant interruptions.volume_up

constantly (adverb)

UK /ˈkɒnstəntli/US /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

adverbB2

all the time; repeatedlyvolume_up

Fashion is constantly changing.volume_up

construct (verb)

UK /kənˈstrʌkt/US /kənˈstrʌkt/

verbB2

to build or make something such as a road, building or machinevolume_up

The building was constructed in 1993.volume_up

construction (noun)

UK /kənˈstrʌkʃn/US /kənˈstrʌkʃn/

nounB2

the process or method of building or making something, especially roads, buildings, bridges, etc.volume_up

Construction began this year and will take approximately 18 months.volume_up

consume (verb)

UK /kənˈsjuːm/US /kənˈsuːm/

verbB1

to use something, especially fuel, energy or timevolume_up

The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels.volume_up

consumer (noun)

UK /kənˈsjuːmə(r)/US /kənˈsuːmər/

nounB1

a person who buys goods or uses servicesvolume_up

consumer spending/demandvolume_up

contact (verb)

UK /ˈkɒntækt/US /ˈkɑːntækt/

nounB1

the act of communicating with somebody, especially regularlyvolume_up

I don't have much contact with my uncle.volume_up

verbB1

to communicate with somebody, for example by phone, letter or emailvolume_up

I've been trying to contact you all day.volume_up

contain (verb)

UK /kənˈteɪn/US /kənˈteɪn/

verbA2

if something contains something else, it has that thing inside it or as part of itvolume_up

This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.volume_up

container (noun)

UK /kənˈteɪnə(r)/US /kənˈteɪnər/

nounB1

a box, bottle, etc. in which something can be stored or transportedvolume_up

a plastic containervolume_up

contemporary (adjective)

UK /kənˈtemprəri/US /kənˈtempəreri/

adjectiveB2

belonging to the same timevolume_up

We have no contemporary account of the battle (= written near the time that it happened).volume_up

content (noun)

UK /ˈkɒntent/US /ˈkɑːntent/

adjectiveC1

happy and satisfied with what you havevolume_up

He seemed more content, less bitter.volume_up

nounB1

the things that are contained in somethingvolume_up

He tipped the contents of the bag onto the table.volume_up

contest (verb)

UK /kənˈtest/US /kənˈtest/

nounB2

a competition in which people try to win somethingvolume_up

to hold a singing/talent contestvolume_up

verbB2

to take part in a competition, election, etc. and try to win itvolume_up

Three candidates contested the leadership.volume_up

context (noun)

UK /ˈkɒntekst/US /ˈkɑːntekst/

nounA2

the situation in which something happens and that helps you to understand itvolume_up

Such databases are being used in a wide range of contexts.volume_up

continent (noun)

UK /ˈkɒntɪnənt/US /ˈkɑːntɪnənt/

nounA2

one of the large land masses of the earth such as Europe, Asia or Africavolume_up

the continent of Africavolume_up

continue (verb)

UK /kənˈtɪnjuː/US /kənˈtɪnjuː/

verbA2

to keep existing or happening without stoppingvolume_up

If the current trend continues, that number will increase 165 per cent by 2050.volume_up

continuous (adjective)

UK /kənˈtɪnjuəs/US /kənˈtɪnjuəs/

adjectiveB1

happening or existing for a period of time without being interruptedvolume_up

Recovery after the accident will be a continuous process that may take several months.volume_up

contract (verb)

UK /kənˈtrækt/US /kənˈtrækt/

nounB2

an official written agreementvolume_up

All employees have a written contract of employment.volume_up

verbB2

to become less or smaller; to make something become less or smallervolume_up

Glass contracts as it cools.volume_up

contrast (verb)

UK /kənˈtrɑːst/US /kənˈtræst/

nounB1

a difference between two or more people or things that you can see clearly when they are compared or put close together; the fact of comparing two or more things in order to show the differences between themvolume_up

The two cities make an interesting contrast.volume_up

verbB1

to compare two things in order to show the differences between themvolume_up

The poem contrasts youth and age.volume_up

contribute (verb)

UK /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/US /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/

verbB2

to give something, especially money or goods, to help achieve or provide somethingvolume_up

Do you wish to contribute?volume_up

contribution (noun)

UK /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/US /ˌkɑːntrɪˈbjuːʃn/

nounB2

a gift or payment that is made to a person or an organization in order to help pay for somethingvolume_up

All contributions will be gratefully received.volume_up

control (verb)

UK /kənˈtrəʊl/US /kənˈtrəʊl/

nounA2

the power to make decisions about how a country, an area, an organization, etc. is runvolume_up

The party expects to gain control of the council in the next election.volume_up

verbA2

to have power over a person, company, country, etc. so that you are able to decide what they must do or how it is runvolume_up

By the age of 21 he controlled the company.volume_up

convenient (adjective)

UK /kənˈviːniənt/US /kənˈviːniənt/

adjectiveB1

useful, easy or quick to do; not causing problemsvolume_up

Fruit is a convenient source of vitamins and energy.volume_up

conversation (noun)

UK /ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn/US /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃn/

nounA1

an informal talk involving a small group of people or only two; the activity of talking in this wayvolume_up

a phone conversationvolume_up

convert (verb)

UK /kənˈvɜːt/US /kənˈvɜːrt/

verbB2

to change or make something change from one form, purpose, system, etc. to anothervolume_up

They took just nine months to convert the building.volume_up

convince (verb)

UK /kənˈvɪns/US /kənˈvɪns/

verbB1

to make somebody/yourself believe that something is truevolume_up

Are the prime minister's assurances enough to convince the public?volume_up

convinced (adjective)

UK /kənˈvɪnst/US /kənˈvɪnst/

adjectiveB2

completely sure about somethingvolume_up

Sam nodded but he didn't look convinced.volume_up

cook (verb)

UK /kʊk/US /kʊk/

nounA2

a person who cooks food or whose job is cookingvolume_up

John is a very good cook (= he cooks well).volume_up

verbA1

to prepare food by heating it, for example by boiling, baking or frying itvolume_up

Where did you learn to cook?volume_up

cooker (noun)

UK /ˈkʊkə(r)/US /ˈkʊkər/

nounA2

a large piece of equipment for cooking food, containing an oven and gas or electric rings on topvolume_up

a gas cookervolume_up

cooking (noun)

UK /ˈkʊkɪŋ/US /ˈkʊkɪŋ/

nounA1

the process of preparing food by heating itvolume_up

My husband does all the cooking.volume_up

cool (verb)

UK /kuːl/US /kuːl/

adjectiveA1

fairly cold; not hot or warmvolume_up

cool air/watervolume_up

verbB1

to become cool or cooler; to make somebody/something become cool or coolervolume_up

Glass contracts as it cools.volume_up

copy (verb)

UK /ˈkɒpi/US /ˈkɑːpi/

nounA2

a thing that is made to be the same as something else, especially a document or a work of artvolume_up

The thieves replaced the original painting with a copy.volume_up

verbA2

to make something that is exactly like something elsevolume_up

He taught himself by copying paintings in the Louvre.volume_up

core (noun)

UK /kɔː(r)/US /kɔːr/

adjectiveB2

most important; main or essentialvolume_up

core subjects (= subjects that all the students have to study) such as English and mathematicsvolume_up

nounB2

the most important or central part of somethingvolume_up

This report goes to the core of the argument.volume_up

corner (noun)

UK /ˈkɔːnə(r)/US /ˈkɔːrnər/

nounA2

a part of something where two or more sides, lines or edges joinvolume_up

the four corners of a squarevolume_up

corporate (adjective)

UK /ˈkɔːpərət/US /ˈkɔːrpərət/

adjectiveB2

connected with a large business companyvolume_up

corporate finance/profits/taxvolume_up

correct (verb)

UK /kəˈrekt/US /kəˈrekt/

adjectiveA1

accurate or true, without any mistakesvolume_up

Do you have the correct time?volume_up

verbA1

to make something right or accurate, for example by changing it or removing mistakesvolume_up

to correct an errorvolume_up

correctly (adverb)

UK /kəˈrektli/US /kəˈrektli/

adverbA2

in a way that is accurate or true, without any mistakesvolume_up

Have you spelled it correctly?volume_up

cost (verb)

UK /kɒst/US /kɔːst/

nounA1

the amount of money that you need in order to buy, make or do somethingvolume_up

the high/low cost of housingvolume_up

verbA1

if something costs a particular amount of money, you need to pay that amount in order to buy, make or do itvolume_up

How much did it cost?volume_up

costume (noun)

UK /ˈkɒstjuːm/US /ˈkɑːstuːm/

nounB1

the clothes worn by people from a particular place or during a particular historical periodvolume_up

an exhibition of Victorian costumesvolume_up

cottage (noun)

UK /ˈkɒtɪdʒ/US /ˈkɑːtɪdʒ/

nounB1

a small house, especially in the countryvolume_up

a thatched cottagevolume_up

cotton (noun)

UK /ˈkɒtn/US /ˈkɑːtn/

nounB1

a plant grown in warm countries for the soft white hairs around its seeds that are used to make cloth and threadvolume_up

From the age of six she worked in the fields, picking cotton.volume_up

could (modal verb)

UK /kəd/US /kəd/

modal verbA1

used as the past tense of ‘can’volume_up

She said that she couldn't come.volume_up

council (noun)

UK /ˈkaʊnsl/US /ˈkaʊnsl/

nounB2

a group of people who are elected to govern an area such as a city or countyvolume_up

a town councilvolume_up

count (verb)

UK /kaʊnt/US /kaʊnt/

nounB1

an act of counting to find the total number of somebody/somethingvolume_up

If the election result is close, there will be a second count.volume_up

verbA2

to say numbers in the correct ordervolume_up

Billy can't count yet.volume_up

country (noun)

UK /ˈkʌntri/US /ˈkʌntri/

nounA1

an area of land that has or used to have its own government and lawsvolume_up

European countriesvolume_up

countryside (noun)

UK /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/US /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/

nounB1

land outside towns and cities, with fields, woods, etc.volume_up

The surrounding countryside is windswept and rocky.volume_up

county (noun)

UK /ˈkaʊnti/US /ˈkaʊnti/

nounB2

one of a number of areas that some countries are divided into, each with its own local governmentvolume_up

rural counties west of the Mississippivolume_up

couple (noun)

UK /ˈkʌpl/US /ˈkʌpl/

nounA2

two people or thingsvolume_up

I saw a couple of men get out.volume_up

courage (noun)

UK /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/US /ˈkɜːrɪdʒ/

nounB2

the ability to do something dangerous, or to face pain or opposition, without showing fearvolume_up

He showed great courage and determination.volume_up

course (noun)

UK /kɔːs/US /kɔːrs/

nounA1

a series of lessons or lectures on a particular subjectvolume_up

a French/chemistry coursevolume_up

court (noun)

UK /kɔːt/US /kɔːrt/

nounB1

the place where legal trials take place and where crimes, etc. are judgedvolume_up

the civil/criminal courtsvolume_up

cousin (noun)

UK /ˈkʌzn/US /ˈkʌzn/

nounA1

a child of your aunt or unclevolume_up

She's my cousin.volume_up

cover (verb)

UK /ˈkʌvə(r)/US /ˈkʌvər/

nounB1

a thing that is put over or on another thing, usually to protect it or to decorate itvolume_up

Brighten up your room with some colourful cushion covers.volume_up

verbA2

to place something over or in front of something in order to hide, protect or decorate itvolume_up

Cover the chicken loosely with foil.volume_up

covered (adjective)

UK /ˈkʌvəd/US /ˈkʌvərd/

adjectiveB1

having a layer or amount of something on itvolume_up

His face was covered in blood.volume_up

cow (noun)

UK /kaʊ/US /kaʊ/

nounA1

a large animal kept on farms to produce milk or beefvolume_up

to milk a cowvolume_up

crash (verb)

UK /kræʃ/US /kræʃ/

nounB2

an accident in which a vehicle hits something, for example another vehicle, usually causing damage and often injuring or killing the passengersvolume_up

a car/plane crashvolume_up

verbB2

if a vehicle crashes or the driver crashes it, it hits an object or another vehicle, causing damagevolume_up

I was terrified that the plane would crash.volume_up

crazy (adjective)

UK /ˈkreɪzi/US /ˈkreɪzi/

adjectiveA2

not sensible; stupidvolume_up

Are you crazy? We could get killed doing that.volume_up

cream (noun)

UK /kriːm/US /kriːm/

adjectiveB1

between yellow and white in colourvolume_up

a cream linen suitvolume_up

nounA1

the thick white or pale yellow fatty liquid that rises to the top of milk, used in cooking or as a type of sauce to put on fruit, etc.volume_up

We had strawberries and cream for dessert.volume_up

create (verb)

UK /kriˈeɪt/US /kriˈeɪt/

verbA1

to make something happen or existvolume_up

Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.volume_up

creation (noun)

UK /kriˈeɪʃn/US /kriˈeɪʃn/

nounB2

the act or process of making something that is new, or of causing something to exist that did not exist beforevolume_up

Job creation needs to be the top priority.volume_up

creative (adjective)

UK /kriˈeɪtɪv/US /kriˈeɪtɪv/

adjectiveA2

involving the use of skill and the imagination to produce something new or a work of artvolume_up

a course on creative writing (= writing stories, plays and poems)volume_up

creature (noun)

UK /ˈkriːtʃə(r)/US /ˈkriːtʃər/

nounB2

a living thing, real or imaginary, that can move around, such as an animalvolume_up

respect for all living creaturesvolume_up

credit (verb)

UK /ˈkredɪt/US /ˈkredɪt/

nounA2

an arrangement that you make, with a shop for example, to pay later for something you buyvolume_up

to get creditvolume_up

verbB2

to add an amount of money to somebody’s bank accountvolume_up

They credited my account two days later.volume_up

crew (noun)

UK /kruː/US /kruː/

nounB2

all the people working on a ship, plane, etc.volume_up

crew membersvolume_up

crime (noun)

UK /kraɪm/US /kraɪm/

nounA2

activities that involve breaking the lawvolume_up

This month's figures show an increase in violent crime.volume_up

criminal (noun)

UK /ˈkrɪmɪnl/US /ˈkrɪmɪnl/

adjectiveB1

connected with or involving crimevolume_up

criminal offences/activitiesvolume_up

nounA2

a person who commits a crimevolume_up

a convicted criminalvolume_up

crisis (noun)

UK /ˈkraɪsɪs/US /ˈkraɪsɪs/

nounB2

a time of great danger, difficulty or doubt when problems must be solved or important decisions must be madevolume_up

an economic/a financial crisisvolume_up

criterion (noun)

UK /kraɪˈtɪəriən/US /kraɪˈtɪriən/

nounB2

a standard or principle by which something is judged, or with the help of which a decision is madevolume_up

The main criterion is value for money.volume_up

critic (noun)

UK /ˈkrɪtɪk/US /ˈkrɪtɪk/

nounB2

a person who expresses opinions about the good and bad qualities of books, music, etc.volume_up

a film/an art/a music criticvolume_up

critical (adjective)

UK /ˈkrɪtɪkl/US /ˈkrɪtɪkl/

adjectiveB2

saying what you think is bad about somebody/somethingvolume_up

You should just ignore any critical comments.volume_up

criticism (noun)

UK /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/US /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

nounB2

the act of expressing disapproval of somebody/something and opinions about their faults or bad qualities; a statement showing this disapprovalvolume_up

to draw/face/receive criticismvolume_up

criticize (verb)

UK /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/US /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/

verbB2

to say that you think somebody/something is bad; to say what you do not like or think is wrong about somebody/somethingvolume_up

All you ever do is criticize!volume_up

crop (noun)

UK /krɒp/US /krɑːp/

nounB2

a plant that is grown in large quantities, especially as foodvolume_up

Sugar is an important crop on the island.volume_up

cross (verb)

UK /krɒs/US /krɔːs/

nounA2

a mark or an object formed by two lines crossing each other (X or +); the mark (X) is often used on paper to show somethingvolume_up

I've put a cross on the map to show where the hotel is.volume_up

verbA2

to go across; to pass or stretch from one side to the othervolume_up

I started walking.volume_up

crowd (noun)

UK /kraʊd/US /kraʊd/

nounA2

a large number of people gathered together in a public place, for example in the streets or at a sports gamevolume_up

He pushed his way through the crowd.volume_up

crowded (adjective)

UK /ˈkraʊdɪd/US /ˈkraʊdɪd/

adjectiveA2

having a lot of people or too many peoplevolume_up

We made our way through the crowded streets.volume_up

crucial (adjective)

UK /ˈkruːʃl/US /ˈkruːʃl/

adjectiveB2

extremely important, because it will affect other thingsvolume_up

The next few weeks are going to be crucial.volume_up

cruel (adjective)

UK /ˈkruːəl/US /ˈkruːəl/

adjectiveB1

having a desire to cause physical or mental pain and make somebody suffervolume_up

He was known to be a cruel dictator.volume_up

cry (verb)

UK /kraɪ/US /kraɪ/

nounB2

a loud sound without words that expresses a strong feelingvolume_up

to give a cry of anguish/despair/pain/joy/alarm, etc.volume_up

verbA2

to produce tears from your eyes because you are unhappy or hurtvolume_up

It's all right. Don't cry.volume_up

cultural (adjective)

UK /ˈkʌltʃərəl/US /ˈkʌltʃərəl/

adjectiveB1

connected with the culture of a particular society or group, its customs, beliefs, etc.volume_up

Teachers need to be aware of cultural differences.volume_up

culture (noun)

UK /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/US /ˈkʌltʃər/

nounA1

the customs and beliefs, art, way of life and social organization of a particular country or groupvolume_up

African/American/European/Islamic culturevolume_up

cup (noun)

UK /kʌp/US /kʌp/

nounA1

a small container that is like a bowl in shape, usually with a handle, used for drinking tea, coffee, etc.volume_up

He filled the cup with water.volume_up

cupboard (noun)

UK /ˈkʌbəd/US /ˈkʌbərd/

nounA2

a piece of furniture with doors and shelves used for storing dishes, food, clothes, etc.volume_up

kitchen cupboardsvolume_up

cure (verb)

UK /kjʊə(r)/US /kjʊr/

nounB2

a medicine or medical treatment that cures an illnessvolume_up

the search for a cure for cancervolume_up

verbB2

to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illnessvolume_up

Will you be able to cure him, Doctor?volume_up

curly (adjective)

UK /ˈkɜːli/US /ˈkɜːrli/

adjectiveA2

having a lot of curls or a curved shapevolume_up

long curly hairvolume_up

currency (noun)

UK /ˈkʌrənsi/US /ˈkɜːrənsi/

nounB1

the system of money that a country usesvolume_up

trading in foreign currenciesvolume_up

current (noun)

UK /ˈkʌrənt/US /ˈkɜːrənt/

adjectiveB1

happening now; of the present timevolume_up

The necklace would be worth over $5 000 at current prices.volume_up

nounB2

the movement of water in the sea or a river; the movement of air in a particular directionvolume_up

It's easier to go with the current.volume_up

currently (adverb)

UK /ˈkʌrəntli/US /ˈkɜːrəntli/

adverbB1

at the present timevolume_up

The hourly charge is currently £35.volume_up

curtain (noun)

UK /ˈkɜːtn/US /ˈkɜːrtn/

nounB1

a piece of cloth that is hung to cover a windowvolume_up

to draw/pull/close the curtains (= to pull them across the window so they cover it)volume_up

curve (verb)

UK /kɜːv/US /kɜːrv/

nounB2

a line or surface that bends gradually; a smooth bendvolume_up

He admired the delicate curve of her ear.volume_up

verbB2

to move or make something move in the shape of a curve; to be in the shape of a curvevolume_up

a curving staircasevolume_up

curved (adjective)

UK /kɜːvd/US /kɜːrvd/

adjectiveB2

having a round shapevolume_up

a curved edge/surfacevolume_up

custom (noun)

UK /ˈkʌstəm/US /ˈkʌstəm/

nounB1

an accepted way of behaving or of doing things in a society or a communityvolume_up

It's a local custom.volume_up

customer (noun)

UK /ˈkʌstəmə(r)/US /ˈkʌstəmər/

nounA1

a person or an organization that buys goods or services from a shop or businessvolume_up

marketing strategies to target potential customersvolume_up

cut (verb)

UK /kʌt/US /kʌt/

nounB1

a wound caused by something sharpvolume_up

cuts and bruises on the facevolume_up

verbA1

to make an opening or a wound in something, especially with a sharp tool such as a knife or scissorsvolume_up

She cut her finger on a piece of glass.volume_up

cycle (verb)

UK /ˈsaɪkl/US /ˈsaɪkl/

nounA2

a bicycle or motorcyclevolume_up

He was riding his cycle home when he was hit by a lorry.volume_up

verbA2

to ride a bicycle; to travel by bicyclevolume_up

measures to encourage more people to cyclevolume_up

dad (noun)

UK /dæd/US /dæd/

nounA1

fathervolume_up

That's my dad over there.volume_up

daily (adverb)

UK /ˈdeɪli/US /ˈdeɪli/

adjectiveA2

happening, done or produced every dayvolume_up

Many people still read a daily newspaper.volume_up

adverbB1

every dayvolume_up

The machines are inspected twice daily.volume_up

damage (verb)

UK /ˈdæmɪdʒ/US /ˈdæmɪdʒ/

nounB1

physical harm caused to something which makes it less attractive, useful or valuablevolume_up

serious/severe damagevolume_up

verbB1

to have a bad or harmful effect on something/somebodyvolume_up

The church was badly damaged by the 1997 earthquake.volume_up

dance (verb)

UK /dɑːns/US /dæns/

nounA1

a series of movements and steps that are usually performed to music; a particular example of these movements and stepsvolume_up

Do you know any other Latin American dances?volume_up

verbA1

to move your body to the sound and rhythm of musicvolume_up

Do you want to dance?volume_up

dancer (noun)

UK /ˈdɑːnsə(r)/US /ˈdænsər/

nounA1

a person who dances or whose job is dancingvolume_up

She's a fantastic dancer.volume_up

dancing (noun)

UK /ˈdɑːnsɪŋ/US /ˈdænsɪŋ/

nounA1

moving your body to musicvolume_up

There was music and dancing till two in the morning.volume_up

danger (noun)

UK /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/US /ˈdeɪndʒər/

nounA2

the possibility of something happening that will injure, harm or kill somebody, or damage or destroy somethingvolume_up

Danger! Keep Out!volume_up

dangerous (adjective)

UK /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/US /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/

adjectiveA1

likely to injure or harm somebody, or to damage or destroy somethingvolume_up

The situation is extremely dangerous.volume_up

dark (noun)

UK /dɑːk/US /dɑːrk/

adjectiveA1

with no or very little light, especially because it is nightvolume_up

a dark room/street/forest/nightvolume_up

nounA2

the lack of light in a place, especially because it is nightvolume_up

Are the children afraid of the dark?volume_up

data (noun)

UK /ˈdeɪtə/US /ˈdeɪtə/

nounA2

facts or information, especially when examined and used to find out things or to make decisionsvolume_up

We collected publicly available data over a 10-day period.volume_up

date (verb)

UK /deɪt/US /deɪt/

nounA1

a particular day of the month, sometimes in a particular year, given in numbers and wordsvolume_up

‘What's the date today?’ ‘The 10th.’volume_up

verbB2

to write or print the date on somethingvolume_up

Thank you for your letter dated 24th March.volume_up

daughter (noun)

UK /ˈdɔːtə(r)/US /ˈdɔːtər/

nounA1

a person’s female childvolume_up

We have two sons and a daughter.volume_up

day (noun)

UK /deɪ/US /deɪ/

nounA1

a period of 24 hoursvolume_up

‘What day is it today?’ ‘Monday.’volume_up

dead (adjective)

UK /ded/US /ded/

adjectiveA2

no longer alivevolume_up

My mother's dead; she died in 2017.volume_up

deal (verb)

UK /diːl/US /diːl/

nounB1

an agreement, especially in business, on particular conditions for buying or doing somethingvolume_up

to sign/strike/finalize/close a dealvolume_up

verbA2

to give cards to each player in a game of cardsvolume_up

Whose turn is it to deal?volume_up

dear (exclamation)

UK /dɪə(r)/US /dɪr/

adjectiveA1

used at the beginning of a letter before the name or title of the person that you are writing tovolume_up

Dear Sir or Madamvolume_up

exclamationA2

used in expressions that show that you are surprised, upset, annoyed or worriedvolume_up

Oh dear! I think I've lost my purse!volume_up

death (noun)

UK /deθ/US /deθ/

nounA2

the fact of somebody dying or being killedvolume_up

the anniversary of his wife’s deathvolume_up

debate (verb)

UK /dɪˈbeɪt/US /dɪˈbeɪt/

nounB2

a formal discussion of an issue at a public meeting or in a parliament. In a debate two or more speakers express opposite views and then there is often a vote on the issue.volume_up

the first ever televised presidential debatevolume_up

verbB2

to discuss something, especially formally, before making a decision or finding a solutionvolume_up

Politicians will be debating the bill later this week.volume_up

debt (noun)

UK /det/US /det/

nounB2

a sum of money that somebody owesvolume_up

to pay/repay a debtvolume_up

decade (noun)

UK /ˈdekeɪd/US /ˈdekeɪd/

nounB1

a period of ten years, especially a continuous period, such as 1910–1919 or 2000–2009volume_up

the early decades of the nineteenth centuryvolume_up

december (noun)

UK /dɪˈsembə(r)/US /dɪˈsembər/

nounA1

the 12th and last month of the yearvolume_up

She was born in December.volume_up

decent (adjective)

UK /ˈdiːsnt/US /ˈdiːsnt/

adjectiveB2

of a good enough standard or qualityvolume_up

a decent meal/place to livevolume_up

decide (verb)

UK /dɪˈsaɪd/US /dɪˈsaɪd/

verbA1

to think carefully about the different possibilities that are available and choose one of themvolume_up

It's up to you to decide.volume_up

decision (noun)

UK /dɪˈsɪʒn/US /dɪˈsɪʒn/

nounA2

a choice or judgement that you make after thinking and talking about what is the best thing to dovolume_up

I think I've made the right decision.volume_up

declare (verb)

UK /dɪˈkleə(r)/US /dɪˈkler/

verbB2

to say something officially or publiclyvolume_up

The government has declared a state of emergency.volume_up

decline (verb)

UK /dɪˈklaɪn/US /dɪˈklaɪn/

nounB2

a continuous decrease in the number, value, quality, etc. of somethingvolume_up

There has been a 5 per cent decline in student numbers.volume_up

verbB2

to become smaller, fewer, weaker, etc.volume_up

Support for the party continues to decline.volume_up

decorate (verb)

UK /ˈdekəreɪt/US /ˈdekəreɪt/

verbB1

to make something look more attractive by putting things on itvolume_up

They decorated the room with flowers and balloons.volume_up

decoration (noun)

UK /ˌdekəˈreɪʃn/US /ˌdekəˈreɪʃn/

nounB2

a thing that makes something look more attractive on special occasionsvolume_up

Christmas/festive decorationsvolume_up

decrease (verb)

UK /dɪˈkriːs/US /dɪˈkriːs/

nounB2

the process of reducing something; the amount that something is reduced byvolume_up

Sales for May show a decrease compared with the same month last year.volume_up

verbB2

to become smaller in size, number, etc.; to make something smaller in size, number, etc.volume_up

Donations have decreased significantly over the past few years.volume_up

deep (adverb)

UK /diːp/US /diːp/

adjectiveA2

having a large distance from the top or surface to the bottomvolume_up

a deep hole/well/rivervolume_up

adverbB1

a long way below the surface of something or a long way inside or into somethingvolume_up

Dig deeper!volume_up

deeply (adverb)

UK /ˈdiːpli/US /ˈdiːpli/

adverbB2

very; very muchvolume_up

She is deeply religious.volume_up

defeat (verb)

UK /dɪˈfiːt/US /dɪˈfiːt/

nounB2

failure to win or to be successfulvolume_up

The party faces defeat in the election.volume_up

verbB2

to win against somebody in a war, competition, sports game, etc.volume_up

He defeated the champion in three sets.volume_up

defence (noun)

UK /dɪˈfens/US /dɪˈfens/

nounB2

the act of protecting somebody/something from attack, criticism, etc.volume_up

soldiers who died in defence of their countryvolume_up

defend (verb)

UK /dɪˈfend/US /dɪˈfend/

verbB2

to protect somebody/something from attackvolume_up

The role of the military is to defend the country.volume_up

define (verb)

UK /dɪˈfaɪn/US /dɪˈfaɪn/

verbB1

to say or explain what the meaning of a word or phrase isvolume_up

The term ‘normal’ is difficult to define.volume_up

definite (adjective)

UK /ˈdefɪnət/US /ˈdefɪnət/

adjectiveB1

sure or certain; unlikely to changevolume_up

Can you give me a definite answer by tomorrow?volume_up

definitely (adverb)

UK /ˈdefɪnətli/US /ˈdefɪnətli/

adverbA2

a way of emphasizing that something is true and that there is no doubt about itvolume_up

I definitely remember sending the letter.volume_up

definition (noun)

UK /ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn/US /ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn/

nounB1

an explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase, especially in a dictionaryvolume_up

The dictionary provides clear, simple definitions.volume_up

degree (noun)

UK /dɪˈɡriː/US /dɪˈɡriː/

nounA2

a unit for measuring temperaturevolume_up

Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit (32°F) or zero/nought degrees Celsius (0°C).volume_up

delay (verb)

UK /dɪˈleɪ/US /dɪˈleɪ/

nounB2

a period of time when somebody/something has to wait because of a problem that makes something slow or latevolume_up

Commuters will face long delays on the roads today.volume_up

verbB2

to make somebody/something late or force them to do something more slowlyvolume_up

My flight was delayed.volume_up

deliberate (adjective)

UK /dɪˈlɪbərət/US /dɪˈlɪbərət/

adjectiveB2

done on purpose rather than by accidentvolume_up

a deliberate act of vandalismvolume_up

deliberately (adverb)

UK /dɪˈlɪbərətli/US /dɪˈlɪbərətli/

adverbB2

done in a way that was planned, not by chancevolume_up

She's been deliberately ignoring him all day.volume_up

delicious (adjective)

UK /dɪˈlɪʃəs/US /dɪˈlɪʃəs/

adjectiveA1

having a very pleasant taste or smellvolume_up

Who cooked this? It's absolutely delicious.volume_up

delight (verb)

UK /dɪˈlaɪt/US /dɪˈlaɪt/

nounB2

a feeling of great pleasurevolume_up

a feeling of sheer/pure delightvolume_up

verbB2

to give somebody a lot of pleasure and joyvolume_up

This news will delight his fans all over the world.volume_up

delighted (adjective)

UK /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/US /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/

adjectiveB2

very pleasedvolume_up

a delighted smilevolume_up

deliver (verb)

UK /dɪˈlɪvə(r)/US /dɪˈlɪvər/

verbB1

to take goods, letters, etc. to the person or people they have been sent tovolume_up

I get my food delivered from the supermarket to save time.volume_up

delivery (noun)

UK /dɪˈlɪvəri/US /dɪˈlɪvəri/

nounB2

the act of taking goods, letters, etc. to the people they have been sent tovolume_up

Allow 28 days for delivery.volume_up

demand (verb)

UK /dɪˈmɑːnd/US /dɪˈmænd/

nounB2

a very strong request for something; something that somebody needsvolume_up

a demand for higher payvolume_up

verbB2

to make a very strong request for somethingvolume_up

They are demanding the release of all political prisoners.volume_up

demonstrate (verb)

UK /ˈdemənstreɪt/US /ˈdemənstreɪt/

verbB2

to show something clearly by giving proof or evidencevolume_up

New research convincingly demonstrates that age-related memory loss is not inevitable.volume_up

dentist (noun)

UK /ˈdentɪst/US /ˈdentɪst/

nounA2

a person whose job is to take care of people’s teethvolume_up

to see/visit/consult your dentistvolume_up

deny (verb)

UK /dɪˈnaɪ/US /dɪˈnaɪ/

verbB2

to say that something is not truevolume_up

to deny an allegation/a charge/an accusationvolume_up

department (noun)

UK /dɪˈpɑːtmənt/US /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

nounA2

a section of a large organization such as a government, business, university, etc.volume_up

the Department of Healthvolume_up

departure (noun)

UK /dɪˈpɑːtʃə(r)/US /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

nounB1

an act of leaving a placevolume_up

His sudden departure threw the office into chaos.volume_up

depend (verb)

UK /dɪˈpend/US /dɪˈpend/

verbA2

according tovolume_up

Starting salary varies from £26 000 to £30 500, depending on experience.volume_up

depressed (adjective)

UK /dɪˈprest/US /dɪˈprest/

adjectiveB2

very sad and without hopevolume_up

You mustn't let yourself get depressed.volume_up

depressing (adjective)

UK /dɪˈpresɪŋ/US /dɪˈpresɪŋ/

adjectiveB2

making you feel very sad and without enthusiasmvolume_up

a depressing sight/thought/experiencevolume_up

depth (noun)

UK /depθ/US /depθ/

nounB2

the distance from the top or surface to the bottom of something; a particular distance down from the surface of somethingvolume_up

What's the depth of the water here?volume_up

describe (verb)

UK /dɪˈskraɪb/US /dɪˈskraɪb/

verbA1

to say what somebody/something is likevolume_up

The next section describes our findings in detail.volume_up

description (noun)

UK /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/US /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/

nounA1

a piece of writing or speech that says what somebody/something is like; the act of writing or saying in words what somebody/something is likevolume_up

Follow the link below for a more detailed description.volume_up

desert (verb)

UK /dɪˈzɜːt/US /dɪˈzɜːrt/

nounA2

a large area of land that has very little water and very few plants growing on it. Many deserts are covered by sand.volume_up

the Sahara Desertvolume_up

verbB2

to leave somebody without help or supportvolume_up

She was deserted by her husband.volume_up

deserve (verb)

UK /dɪˈzɜːv/US /dɪˈzɜːrv/

verbB2

to do something or show qualities that mean a particular reaction, reward or punishment is appropriatevolume_up

You deserve a rest after all that hard work.volume_up

design (verb)

UK /dɪˈzaɪn/US /dɪˈzaɪn/

nounA1

the general arrangement of the different parts of something that is made, such as a building, book, machine, etc.volume_up

The basic design of the car is very similar to that of earlier models.volume_up

verbA1

to decide how something will look, work, etc., by drawing plans, making computer models, etc.volume_up

He designed and built his own house.volume_up

designer (noun)

UK /dɪˈzaɪnə(r)/US /dɪˈzaɪnər/

nounA2

a person whose job is to decide how things such as clothes, furniture, tools, etc. will look or work by making drawings, plans or patternsvolume_up

one of the country's top fashion designersvolume_up

desire (verb)

UK /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/US /dɪˈzaɪər/

nounB2

a strong wish to have or do somethingvolume_up

He now had enough money to satisfy all his desires.volume_up

verbB2

to want something; to wish for somethingvolume_up

We all desire health and happiness.volume_up

desk (noun)

UK /desk/US /desk/

nounA1

a piece of furniture like a table, often with drawers (= parts like boxes in it with handles on the front for pulling them open), that you sit at to read, write, work, etc.volume_up

I spend all day sitting at a desk.volume_up

desperate (adjective)

UK /ˈdespərət/US /ˈdespərət/

adjectiveB2

feeling or showing that you have little hope and are ready to do anything without worrying about danger to yourself or othersvolume_up

The prisoners grew increasingly desperate.volume_up

despite (preposition)

UK /dɪˈspaɪt/US /dɪˈspaɪt/

prepositionB1

used to show that something happened or is true although something else might have happened to prevent itvolume_up

Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it.volume_up

destination (noun)

UK /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/US /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/

nounB1

a place to which somebody/something is going or being sentvolume_up

popular tourist/holiday destinations like the Bahamasvolume_up

destroy (verb)

UK /dɪˈstrɔɪ/US /dɪˈstrɔɪ/

verbA2

to damage something so badly that it no longer exists, works, etc.volume_up

The building was completely destroyed by fire.volume_up

detail (verb)

UK /ˈdiːteɪl/US /ˈdiːteɪl/

nounA1

a small individual fact or item; a less important fact or itemvolume_up

an expedition planned down to the last detailvolume_up

verbB2

to give a list of facts or all the available information about somethingvolume_up

The brochure details all the hotels in the area and their facilities.volume_up

detailed (adjective)

UK /ˈdiːteɪld/US /ˈdiːteɪld/

adjectiveB2

giving many details and a lot of information; paying great attention to detailsvolume_up

a detailed description of the eventsvolume_up

detect (verb)

UK /dɪˈtekt/US /dɪˈtekt/

verbB2

to discover or notice something, especially something that is not easy to see, hear, etc.volume_up

The tests are designed to detect the disease early.volume_up

detective (noun)

UK /dɪˈtektɪv/US /dɪˈtektɪv/

nounA2

a person, especially a police officer, whose job is to investigate crimes and catch criminalsvolume_up

a police/homicide/undercover detectivevolume_up

determine (verb)

UK /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/US /dɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

verbB1

to discover the facts about something; to calculate something exactlyvolume_up

An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the accident.volume_up

determined (adjective)

UK /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/US /dɪˈtɜːrmɪnd/

adjectiveB1

having made a definite decision to do something and not letting anyone prevent youvolume_up

The opposition to her plan made her more determined than ever.volume_up

develop (verb)

UK /dɪˈveləp/US /dɪˈveləp/

verbA2

to gradually grow or become bigger, more advanced, stronger, etc.; to make something do thisvolume_up

From birth to age 5, a child's brain develops rapidly.volume_up

development (noun)

UK /dɪˈveləpmənt/US /dɪˈveləpmənt/

nounB1

the steady growth of something so that it becomes more advanced, stronger, etc.volume_up

a baby’s development in the wombvolume_up

device (noun)

UK /dɪˈvaɪs/US /dɪˈvaɪs/

nounA2

an object or a piece of equipment that has been designed to do a particular jobvolume_up

a tracking/recording/listening devicevolume_up

diagram (noun)

UK /ˈdaɪəɡræm/US /ˈdaɪəɡræm/

nounB1

a simple drawing using lines to explain where something is, how something works, etc.volume_up

The results are shown in diagram 2.volume_up

dialogue (noun)

UK /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/US /ˈdaɪəlɔːɡ/

nounA1

a conversation in a book, play or film or in language teaching materialsvolume_up

Learners are asked to listen to three short dialogues.volume_up

diamond (noun)

UK /ˈdaɪmənd/US /ˈdaɪmənd/

nounB1

a clear precious stone of pure carbon, the hardest substance known. Diamonds are used in jewellery and also in industry, especially for cutting glass.volume_up

a diamond ring/necklacevolume_up

diary (noun)

UK /ˈdaɪəri/US /ˈdaɪəri/

nounA2

a book in which you can write down the experiences you have each day, your private thoughts, etc.volume_up

Do you keep a diary (= write one regularly)?volume_up

dictionary (noun)

UK /ˈdɪkʃənri/US /ˈdɪkʃəneri/

nounA1

a book or electronic resource that gives a list of the words of a language in alphabetical order and explains what they mean, or gives a word for them in a foreign languagevolume_up

a Spanish-English dictionaryvolume_up

die (verb)

UK /daɪ/US /daɪ/

verbA1

to stop livingvolume_up

My father died suddenly at the age of 48.volume_up

diet (noun)

UK /ˈdaɪət/US /ˈdaɪət/

nounA1

the food and drink that you eat and drink regularlyvolume_up

to eat a healthy, balanced dietvolume_up

difference (noun)

UK /ˈdɪfrəns/US /ˈdɪfrəns/

nounA1

the way in which two people or things are not like each other; the way in which somebody/something has changedvolume_up

Americans and Brits speak the same language, but there are big cultural differences.volume_up

different (adjective)

UK /ˈdɪfrənt/US /ˈdɪfrənt/

adjectiveA1

not the same as somebody/something; not like somebody/something elsevolume_up

American English is significantly different from British English.volume_up

differently (adverb)

UK /ˈdɪfrəntli/US /ˈdɪfrəntli/

adverbA2

in a different way from somebody/somethingvolume_up

Boys and girls may behave differently.volume_up

difficult (adjective)

UK /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/US /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/

adjectiveA1

not easy; needing effort or skill to do or to understandvolume_up

The competition judges were given a very difficult task.volume_up

difficulty (noun)

UK /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/US /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/

nounB1

a problem; a thing or situation that causes problemsvolume_up

the difficulties of English syntaxvolume_up

dig (verb)

UK /dɪɡ/US /dɪɡ/

verbB2

to make a hole in the ground or to move soil from one place to another using your hands, a tool or a machinevolume_up

I think I'll do some digging in the garden.volume_up

digital (adjective)

UK /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/US /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/

adjectiveA2

using a system of receiving and sending information as a series of the numbers one and zero, showing that an electronic signal is there or is not therevolume_up

a digital cameravolume_up

dinner (noun)

UK /ˈdɪnə(r)/US /ˈdɪnər/

nounA1

the main meal of the day, eaten either in the middle of the day or in the eveningvolume_up

It's time for dinner.volume_up

direct (verb)

UK /dəˈrekt/US /dəˈrekt/

adjectiveA2

going in the straightest line between two places without stopping or changing directionvolume_up

the most direct routevolume_up

adverbB1

without stopping or changing direction or vehiclevolume_up

We flew direct to Hong Kong.volume_up

verbB1

to control or be in charge of somebody/somethingvolume_up

He was asked to take command and direct operations.volume_up

direction (noun)

UK /dəˈrekʃn/US /dəˈrekʃn/

nounA2

the general position a person or thing moves or points towardsvolume_up

They headed in the direction of the village.volume_up

directly (adverb)

UK /dəˈrektli/US /dəˈrektli/

adverbB1

without stopping or changing directionvolume_up

The path leads directly to the river.volume_up

director (noun)

UK /dəˈrektə(r)/US /dəˈrektər/

nounA2

one of a group of senior managers who run a companyvolume_up

a non-executive directorvolume_up

dirt (noun)

UK /dɜːt/US /dɜːrt/

nounB1

any substance that makes something dirty, for example dust, soil or mudvolume_up

His clothes were covered in dirt.volume_up

dirty (adjective)

UK /ˈdɜːti/US /ˈdɜːrti/

adjectiveA1

not cleanvolume_up

dirty hands/clothes/dishesvolume_up

disadvantage (noun)

UK /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/US /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒ/

nounB1

something that causes problems and tends to stop somebody/something from succeeding or making progressvolume_up

a serious/severe/significant disadvantagevolume_up

disagree (verb)

UK /ˌdɪsəˈɡriː/US /ˌdɪsəˈɡriː/

verbA2

if two people disagree or one person disagrees with another about something, they have a different opinion about itvolume_up

Even friends disagree sometimes.volume_up

disappear (verb)

UK /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/US /ˌdɪsəˈpɪr/

verbA2

to become impossible to seevolume_up

Matt promptly disappeared.volume_up

disappointed (adjective)

UK /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/US /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/

adjectiveB1

upset because something you hoped for has not happened or been as good, successful, etc. as you expectedvolume_up

The singer has promised to refund any disappointed fans.volume_up

disappointing (adjective)

UK /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ/US /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ/

adjectiveB1

not as good, successful, etc. as you had hoped; making you feel disappointedvolume_up

a disappointing result/performance/defeatvolume_up

disaster (noun)

UK /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/US /dɪˈzæstər/

nounA2

an unexpected event, such as a very bad accident, a flood or a fire, that kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damagevolume_up

the world's worst humanitarian disastervolume_up

disc (noun)

UK /dɪsk/US /dɪsk/

nounB2

a thin flat round objectvolume_up

He wears an identity disc around his neck.volume_up

discipline (noun)

UK /ˈdɪsəplɪn/US /ˈdɪsəplɪn/

nounB2

the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not; the controlled behaviour or situation that is the result of this trainingvolume_up

The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline.volume_up

discount (verb)

UK /ˈdɪskaʊnt/US /ˈdɪskaʊnt/

nounB1

an amount of money that is taken off the usual cost of somethingvolume_up

to get/offer a discountvolume_up

verbB2

to take an amount of money off the usual cost of something; to sell something at a discountvolume_up

Most of our stock has been discounted by up to 40 per cent.volume_up

discover (verb)

UK /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/US /dɪˈskʌvər/

verbA2

to be the first person to become aware that a particular place or thing existsvolume_up

Cook is credited with discovering Hawaii.volume_up

discovery (noun)

UK /dɪˈskʌvəri/US /dɪˈskʌvəri/

nounA2

an act or the process of finding somebody/something, or learning about something that was not known about beforevolume_up

Researchers in this field have made some important new discoveries.volume_up

discuss (verb)

UK /dɪˈskʌs/US /dɪˈskʌs/

verbA1

to talk about something with somebody, especially in order to decide somethingvolume_up

Have you discussed the problem with anyone?volume_up

discussion (noun)

UK /dɪˈskʌʃn/US /dɪˈskʌʃn/

nounA2

a conversation about somebody/something; the process of discussing somebody/somethingvolume_up

I discovered something interesting during a family discussion.volume_up

disease (noun)

UK /dɪˈziːz/US /dɪˈziːz/

nounA2

an illness affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infectionvolume_up

heart/lung/liver diseasevolume_up

dish (noun)

UK /dɪʃ/US /dɪʃ/

nounA1

a flat shallow container for cooking food in or serving it fromvolume_up

a baking/serving dishvolume_up

dishonest (adjective)

UK /dɪsˈɒnɪst/US /dɪsˈɑːnɪst/

adjectiveB2

not honest; intending to trick peoplevolume_up

Beware of dishonest traders in the tourist areas.volume_up

disk (noun)

UK /dɪsk/US /dɪsk/

nounB2

a thin flat round objectvolume_up

Red blood cells are roughly the shape of a disk.volume_up

dislike (verb)

UK /dɪsˈlaɪk/US /dɪsˈlaɪk/

nounB1

a feeling of not liking somebody/somethingvolume_up

He did not try to hide his dislike of his boss.volume_up

verbB1

to not like somebody/somethingvolume_up

Why do you dislike him so much?volume_up

dismiss (verb)

UK /dɪsˈmɪs/US /dɪsˈmɪs/

verbB2

to decide that somebody/something is not important and not worth thinking or talking aboutvolume_up

to dismiss a suggestion/a claim/an ideavolume_up

display (verb)

UK /dɪˈspleɪ/US /dɪˈspleɪ/

nounB2

an arrangement of things in a public place to inform or entertain people or advertise something for salevolume_up

a beautiful floral displayvolume_up

verbB2

to put something in a place where people can see it easily; to show something to peoplevolume_up

The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their work.volume_up

distance (noun)

UK /ˈdɪstəns/US /ˈdɪstəns/

nounA2

the amount of space between two places or thingsvolume_up

a short/long distancevolume_up

distribute (verb)

UK /dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/US /dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/

verbB2

to give things to a large number of people; to share something between a number of peoplevolume_up

The leaflets have been widely distributed.volume_up

distribution (noun)

UK /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/US /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/

nounB2

the way that something is spread or exists over a particular area or among a particular group of peoplevolume_up

They studied the geographical distribution of the disease.volume_up

district (noun)

UK /ˈdɪstrɪkt/US /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

nounB2

an area of a country or town, especially one that has particular featuresvolume_up

the City of London’s financial districtvolume_up

divide (verb)

UK /dɪˈvaɪd/US /dɪˈvaɪd/

nounB2

a difference between two groups of people or two things that separates them from each othervolume_up

He offered advice on bridging cultural divides.volume_up

verbB1

to separate into parts; to make something separate into partsvolume_up

The cells began to divide rapidly.volume_up

division (noun)

UK /dɪˈvɪʒn/US /dɪˈvɪʒn/

nounB2

the process or result of dividing into separate parts; the process or result of dividing something or sharing it outvolume_up

The organism begins as a single cell and grows by cell division.volume_up

divorced (adjective)

UK /dɪˈvɔːst/US /dɪˈvɔːrst/

adjectiveA2

no longer married because your marriage has been legally endedvolume_up

My parents are divorced.volume_up

do (auxiliary verb)

UK /də/US /də/

verbA1

used to refer to actions that you do not mention by name or do not know aboutvolume_up

What are you doing this evening?volume_up

auxiliary verbA1

used before a full verb to form negative sentences and questionsvolume_up

I don't like fish.volume_up

doctor (noun)

UK /ˈdɒktə(r)/US /ˈdɑːktər/

nounA1

a person who has been trained in medical science, whose job is to treat people who are ill or injuredvolume_up

You'd better see a doctor about that cough.volume_up

document (verb)

UK /ˈdɒkjument/US /ˈdɑːkjument/

nounA2

an official paper, book or electronic file that gives information about something, or that can be used as evidence or proof of somethingvolume_up

Please read and sign the attached document.volume_up

verbB2

to record something in the form of a written document, photograph, film, etc.volume_up

Urban life in the nineteenth century is well documented.volume_up

documentary (noun)

UK /ˌdɒkjuˈmentri/US /ˌdɑːkjuˈmentri/

nounB1

a film or a radio or television programme giving facts about somethingvolume_up

There were some interesting interviews in the documentary.volume_up

dog (noun)

UK /dɒɡ/US /dɔːɡ/

nounA1

an animal with four legs and a tail, often kept as a pet or trained for work, for example hunting or guarding buildings. There are many types of dog, some of which are wild.volume_up

I took the dog for a walk.volume_up

dollar (noun)

UK /ˈdɒlə(r)/US /ˈdɑːlər/

nounA1

the unit of money in the US, Canada, Australia and several other countriesvolume_up

You will be paid in American dollars.volume_up

domestic (adjective)

UK /dəˈmestɪk/US /dəˈmestɪk/

adjectiveB2

of or inside a particular country; not foreign or internationalvolume_up

domestic affairs/politicsvolume_up

dominate (verb)

UK /ˈdɒmɪneɪt/US /ˈdɑːmɪneɪt/

verbB2

to control or have a lot of influence over somebody/something, especially in an unpleasant wayvolume_up

She always says a lot in meetings, but she doesn't dominate.volume_up

donate (verb)

UK /dəʊˈneɪt/US /ˈdəʊneɪt/

verbB1

to give money, food, clothes, etc. to somebody/something, especially a charityvolume_up

He donated thousands of pounds to charity.volume_up

door (noun)

UK /dɔː(r)/US /dɔːr/

nounA1

a piece of wood, glass, etc. that is opened and closed so that people can get in and out of a room, building, car, etc.; a similar thing in a cupboardvolume_up

Open the door!volume_up

double (verb)

UK /ˈdʌbl/US /ˈdʌbl/

adjectiveA2

twice as much or as many as usualvolume_up

a double helpingvolume_up

adverbB1

in twos or in two partsvolume_up

I thought I was seeing double (= seeing two of something).volume_up

determinerA2

twice as much or as many asvolume_up

His income is double hers.volume_up

pronounA2

a number or amount that is twice as much or as many as another number or amountvolume_up

He gets paid double for doing the same job I do.volume_up

verbA2

to become, or make something become, twice as much or as manyvolume_up

Membership almost doubled in two years.volume_up

doubt (verb)

UK /daʊt/US /daʊt/

nounB1

a feeling of being uncertain about something or not believing somethingvolume_up

a feeling of doubt and uncertaintyvolume_up

verbB1

to feel uncertain about something; to feel that something is not true, will probably not happen, etc.volume_up

There seems no reason to doubt her story.volume_up

down (preposition)

UK /daʊn/US /daʊn/

adverbA1

to or at a lower place or positionvolume_up

She jumped down off the chair.volume_up

prepositionA1

from a high or higher point on something to a lower onevolume_up

The stone rolled down the hill.volume_up

download (verb)

UK /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/US /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/

nounA2

data that is downloaded from another computer systemvolume_up

A staggering 99.8 % of digital music downloads are to mobile handsets.volume_up

verbA2

to get data from another computer, usually using the internetvolume_up

to download files/music/softwarevolume_up

downstairs (adverb)

UK /ˌdaʊnˈsteəz/US /ˌdaʊnˈsterz/

adjectiveA2

on a floor of a house or building lower than the one you are on, especially the one at ground levelvolume_up

a downstairs bathroomvolume_up

adverbA1

down the stairs; on or to a floor of a house or building lower than the one you are on, especially the one at ground levelvolume_up

I couldn't sleep so I went downstairs and watched TV.volume_up

downwards (adverb)

UK /ˈdaʊnwədz/US /ˈdaʊnwərdz/

adverbB2

towards the ground; towards a lower place or positionvolume_up

She was lying face downwards on the grass.volume_up

dozen (noun, determiner)

UK /ˈdʌzn/US /ˈdʌzn/

determinerB2

a group of twelve of the same thingvolume_up

Give me a dozen, please.volume_up

nounB2

a group of twelve of the same thingvolume_up

Give me a dozen, please.volume_up

draft (verb)

UK /drɑːft/US /dræft/

nounB2

a rough written version of something that is not yet in its final formvolume_up

This is only the first draft of my speech.volume_up

verbB2

to write the first rough version of something such as a letter, speech, book or lawvolume_up

I'll draft a letter for you.volume_up

drag (verb)

UK /dræɡ/US /dræɡ/

verbB2

to pull somebody/something along with effort and difficultyvolume_up

The sack is too heavy to lift—you’ll have to drag it.volume_up

drama (noun)

UK /ˈdrɑːmə/US /ˈdrɑːmə/

nounA2

a play for the theatre, television or radiovolume_up

a costume/period/courtroom/crime dramavolume_up

dramatic (adjective)

UK /drəˈmætɪk/US /drəˈmætɪk/

adjectiveB2

sudden, very great and often surprisingvolume_up

a dramatic increase/change/improvement/shiftvolume_up

draw (verb)

UK /drɔː/US /drɔː/

verbA1

to make pictures, or a picture of something, with a pencil, pen or chalk (but not paint)volume_up

You draw beautifully.volume_up

drawing (noun)

UK /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/US /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

nounA2

a picture made using a pencil or pen rather than paintvolume_up

a pencil/pen-and-ink/charcoal drawingvolume_up

dream (verb)

UK /driːm/US /driːm/

nounA2

a series of images, events and feelings that happen in your mind while you are asleepvolume_up

I had a really weird dream last night.volume_up

verbA2

to experience a series of images, events and feelings in your mind while you are asleepvolume_up

Did I talk in my sleep? I must have been dreaming.volume_up

dress (verb)

UK /dres/US /dres/

nounA1

a piece of clothing that is made in one piece and hangs down to cover the body as far as the legs, sometimes reaching to below the knees, or to the anklesvolume_up

a long white dressvolume_up

verbA1

to put clothes on yourself/somebodyvolume_up

I dressed quickly.volume_up

dressed (adjective)

UK /drest/US /drest/

adjectiveB1

wearing clothes and not naked or wearing clothes for sleepingvolume_up

Hurry up and get dressed.volume_up

drink (verb)

UK /drɪŋk/US /drɪŋk/

nounA1

a liquid for drinking; an amount of a liquid that you drinkvolume_up

Can I have a drink?volume_up

verbA1

to take liquid into your mouth and then down your throat into your stomachvolume_up

I don't drink coffee.volume_up

drive (verb)

UK /draɪv/US /draɪv/

nounA2

a journey in a car or other vehiclevolume_up

Let's go for a drive.volume_up

verbA1

to operate a vehicle so that it goes in a particular directionvolume_up

Can you drive?volume_up

driver (noun)

UK /ˈdraɪvə(r)/US /ˈdraɪvər/

nounA1

a person who drives a vehiclevolume_up

a bus/train/taxi drivervolume_up

driving (noun)

UK /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/US /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

adjectiveC1

strong and powerful; having a strong influence in making something happenvolume_up

Who was the driving force (= the person with the strongest influence) in the band?volume_up

nounA2

the way that somebody drives a vehicle; the act of drivingvolume_up

She was convicted of dangerous driving.volume_up

drop (verb)

UK /drɒp/US /drɑːp/

nounB1

a very small amount of liquid that forms a round shapevolume_up

The first drops of rain fell.volume_up

verbA2

to allow something to fall by accident; to fall by accidentvolume_up

Be careful not to drop that plate.volume_up

drug (noun)

UK /drʌɡ/US /drʌɡ/

nounA2

an illegal substance that some people smoke, inject, etc. for the physical and mental effects it hasvolume_up

He does not smoke or take drugs.volume_up

drum (noun)

UK /drʌm/US /drʌm/

nounB1

a musical instrument made of a hollow round frame with plastic or skin stretched tightly across one or both ends. You play it by hitting it with sticks or with your hands.volume_up

to play the drumvolume_up

drunk (adjective)

UK /drʌŋk/US /drʌŋk/

adjectiveB1

having drunk so much alcohol that it is impossible to think or speak clearlyvolume_up

They were clearly too drunk to drive.volume_up

dry (verb)

UK /draɪ/US /draɪ/

adjectiveA2

not wet or sticky; without water or moisturevolume_up

Is my shirt dry yet?volume_up

verbA2

to become dry; to make something dryvolume_up

He did the laundry and hung it out to dry.volume_up

due (adjective)

UK /djuː/US /duː/

adjectiveB1

caused by somebody/something; because of somebody/somethingvolume_up

The team's success was largely due to her efforts.volume_up

during (preposition)

UK /ˈdjʊərɪŋ/US /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

prepositionA1

all through a period of timevolume_up

during the 1990svolume_up

dust (noun)

UK /dʌst/US /dʌst/

nounB1

a fine powder that consists of very small pieces of sand, earth, etc.volume_up

A cloud of dust rose as the truck drove off.volume_up

duty (noun)

UK /ˈdjuːti/US /ˈduːti/

nounB1

something that you feel you have to do because it is your moral or legal responsibilityvolume_up

It is my duty to report it to the police.volume_up

dvd (noun)

UK /ˌdiː viː ˈdiː/US /ˌdiː viː ˈdiː/

nounA1

a disk on which large amounts of information, especially films, photographs and video, can be stored, for use on a DVD player or computer (the abbreviation for ‘digital versatile disc’ or ‘digital videodisc’)volume_up

Let's just stay in and watch a DVD.volume_up

each (determiner, pronoun, adverb)

UK /iːtʃ/US /iːtʃ/

adverbA1

used to refer to every one of two or more people or things, when you are thinking about them separatelyvolume_up

Each answer is worth 20 points.volume_up

determinerA1

used to refer to every one of two or more people or things, when you are thinking about them separatelyvolume_up

Each answer is worth 20 points.volume_up

pronounA1

used to refer to every one of two or more people or things, when you are thinking about them separatelyvolume_up

Each answer is worth 20 points.volume_up

ear (noun)

UK /ɪə(r)/US /ɪr/

nounA1

either of the organs on the sides of the head that you hear withvolume_up

the left/right earvolume_up

early (adverb)

UK /ˈɜːli/US /ˈɜːrli/

adjectiveA1

near the beginning of a period of time, an event etc.volume_up

the early morningvolume_up

adverbA1

near the beginning of a period of time, an event, a piece of work, etc.volume_up

We arrived early the next day.volume_up

earn (verb)

UK /ɜːn/US /ɜːrn/

verbA2

to get money for work that you dovolume_up

He earns about $40 000 a year.volume_up

earth (noun)

UK /ɜːθ/US /ɜːrθ/

nounA2

the world; the planet that we live onvolume_up

the planet Earthvolume_up

earthquake (noun)

UK /ˈɜːθkweɪk/US /ˈɜːrθkweɪk/

nounB1

a sudden, violent shaking of the earth’s surfacevolume_up

a devastating/massive/powerful earthquakevolume_up

easily (adverb)

UK /ˈiːzəli/US /ˈiːzəli/

adverbA2

without problems or difficultyvolume_up

The museum is easily accessible by car.volume_up

east (noun)

UK /iːst/US /iːst/

adjectiveA1

in or towards the eastvolume_up

East Africavolume_up

adverbA1

towards the eastvolume_up

The house faces east.volume_up

nounA1

the direction that you look towards to see the sun rise; one of the four main points of the compassvolume_up

Which way is east?volume_up

eastern (adjective)

UK /ˈiːstən/US /ˈiːstərn/

adjectiveB1

located in the east or facing eastvolume_up

eastern Spainvolume_up

easy (adjective)

UK /ˈiːzi/US /ˈiːzi/

adjectiveA1

not difficult; done or obtained without a lot of effort or problemsvolume_up

an easy way to make breadvolume_up

eat (verb)

UK /iːt/US /iːt/

verbA1

to put food in your mouth, bite it and swallow itvolume_up

I was too nervous to eat.volume_up

economic (adjective)

UK /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/US /ˌiːkəˈnɑːmɪk/

adjectiveB1

connected with the trade, industry and development of wealth of a country, an area or a societyvolume_up

They discussed social, economic and political issues.volume_up

economy (noun)

UK /ɪˈkɒnəmi/US /ɪˈkɑːnəmi/

nounB1

the relationship between production, trade and the supply of money in a particular country or regionvolume_up

The economy is in recession.volume_up

edge (noun)

UK /edʒ/US /edʒ/

nounB1

the outside limit of an object, a surface or an area; the part furthest from the centrevolume_up

I gripped the edge of my desk to steady myself.volume_up

edit (verb)

UK /ˈedɪt/US /ˈedɪt/

verbB2

to prepare a piece of writing, a book, etc. to be published by correcting the mistakes, making improvements to it, etc.volume_up

This draft text will need to be edited.volume_up

edition (noun)

UK /ɪˈdɪʃn/US /ɪˈdɪʃn/

nounB2

the form in which a book, newspaper, etc. is publishedvolume_up

a paperback/hardback editionvolume_up

editor (noun)

UK /ˈedɪtə(r)/US /ˈedɪtər/

nounB1

a person who is in charge of a newspaper, magazine, etc., or part of one, and who decides what should be includedvolume_up

the editor of the Washington Postvolume_up

educate (verb)

UK /ˈedʒukeɪt/US /ˈedʒukeɪt/

verbB1

to teach somebody over a period of time at a school, university, etc.volume_up

She was educated in the US.volume_up

educated (adjective)

UK /ˈedʒukeɪtɪd/US /ˈedʒukeɪtɪd/

adjectiveB1

having had the kind of education mentioned; having been to the school, college or university mentionedvolume_up

privately educated childrenvolume_up

education (noun)

UK /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/US /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn/

nounA2

a process of teaching, training and learning, especially in schools, colleges or universities, to improve knowledge and develop skillsvolume_up

primary/elementary educationvolume_up

educational (adjective)

UK /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/US /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/

adjectiveB1

connected with educationvolume_up

children with special educational needsvolume_up

effect (noun)

UK /ɪˈfekt/US /ɪˈfekt/

nounA2

a change that somebody/something causes in somebody/something else; a resultvolume_up

the beneficial effects of exercisevolume_up

effective (adjective)

UK /ɪˈfektɪv/US /ɪˈfektɪv/

adjectiveB1

producing the result that is wanted or intended; producing a successful resultvolume_up

Aspirin is a simple but highly effective treatment.volume_up

effectively (adverb)

UK /ɪˈfektɪvli/US /ɪˈfektɪvli/

adverbB1

in a way that produces the intended result or a successful resultvolume_up

The company must reduce costs to compete effectively.volume_up

efficient (adjective)

UK /ɪˈfɪʃnt/US /ɪˈfɪʃnt/

adjectiveB2

doing something in a good, careful and complete way with no waste of time, money or energyvolume_up

a highly efficient workervolume_up

effort (noun)

UK /ˈefət/US /ˈefərt/

nounB1

an attempt to do something especially when it is difficult to dovolume_up

The project was a team effort.volume_up

egg (noun)

UK /eɡ/US /eɡ/

nounA1

a small oval object with a thin hard shell produced by a female bird and containing a young bird; a similar object (without a hard shell) produced by a female fish, insect, etc.volume_up

The female sits on the eggs until they hatch.volume_up

eight (number)

UK /eɪt/US /eɪt/

eighteen (number)

UK /ˌeɪˈtiːn/US /ˌeɪˈtiːn/

eighty (number)

UK /ˈeɪti/US /ˈeɪti/

either (determiner, pronoun)

UK /ˈaɪðə(r)/US /ˈiːðər/

adverbA2

used after negative phrases to state that a feeling or situation is similar to one already mentionedvolume_up

Pete can't go and I can't either.volume_up

determinerA2

one or the other of two; it does not matter whichvolume_up

You can park on either side of the street.volume_up

pronounA2

one or the other of two; it does not matter whichvolume_up

You can park on either side of the street.volume_up

elderly (adjective)

UK /ˈeldəli/US /ˈeldərli/

adjectiveB2

used as a polite word for ‘old’volume_up

an elderly man/woman/ladyvolume_up

elect (verb)

UK /ɪˈlekt/US /ɪˈlekt/

verbB2

to choose somebody to do a particular job by voting for themvolume_up

Voters will elect a new president on 30 March next year.volume_up

election (noun)

UK /ɪˈlekʃn/US /ɪˈlekʃn/

nounB1

the process of choosing a person or a group of people for a position, especially a political position, by votingvolume_up

presidential/parliamentary/local electionsvolume_up

electric (adjective)

UK /ɪˈlektrɪk/US /ɪˈlektrɪk/

adjectiveA2

connected with electricity; using, produced by or producing electricityvolume_up

an electric car/vehiclevolume_up

electrical (adjective)

UK /ɪˈlektrɪkl/US /ɪˈlektrɪkl/

adjectiveA2

connected with electricity; using or producing electricityvolume_up

an electrical fault in the enginevolume_up

electricity (noun)

UK /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/US /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/

nounA2

a form of energy from charged elementary particles, usually supplied as electric current through cables, wires, etc. for lighting, heating, driving machines, etc.volume_up

materials that conduct electricityvolume_up

electronic (adjective)

UK /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/US /ɪˌlekˈtrɑːnɪk/

adjectiveA2

having or using many small parts, such as microchips, that control and direct a small electric currentvolume_up

Airline passengers no longer have to turn off all electronic devices while on the plane.volume_up

element (noun)

UK /ˈelɪmənt/US /ˈelɪmənt/

nounB1

a necessary or typical part of something; one of several parts that something containsvolume_up

There are three important elements to consider.volume_up

elephant (noun)

UK /ˈelɪfənt/US /ˈelɪfənt/

nounA1

a very large animal with thick grey skin, large ears, two curved outer teeth called tusks and a long nose called a trunk. There are two types of elephant, the African and the Asian.volume_up

herds of elephantsvolume_up

eleven (number)

UK /ɪˈlevn/US /ɪˈlevn/

numberA1

11volume_up

There are only eleven of these rare animals left.volume_up

else (adverb)

UK /els/US /els/

adverbA1

in addition to something already mentionedvolume_up

What else did he say?volume_up

elsewhere (adverb)

UK /ˌelsˈweə(r)/US /ˌelsˈwer/

adverbB2

in, at or to another place or other placesvolume_up

Dissatisfied customers will look elsewhere.volume_up

email (verb)

UK /ˈiːmeɪl/US /ˈiːmeɪl/

nounA1

a way of sending messages and data to other people by means of computers connected together in a networkvolume_up

I will be on vacation for a week in November, with no access to email.volume_up

verbA1

to send a message to somebody by emailvolume_up

Patrick emailed me yesterday.volume_up

embarrassed (adjective)

UK /ɪmˈbærəst/US /ɪmˈbærəst/

adjectiveB1

shy, uncomfortable or ashamed, especially in a social situationvolume_up

I've never felt so embarrassed in my life!volume_up

embarrassing (adjective)

UK /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/US /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/

adjectiveB1

making you feel shy, uncomfortable or ashamedvolume_up

an embarrassing moment/situationvolume_up

emerge (verb)

UK /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/US /ɪˈmɜːrdʒ/

verbB2

to move out of or away from something and become possible to seevolume_up

The crabs emerge at low tide to look for food.volume_up

emergency (noun)

UK /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/US /ɪˈmɜːrdʒənsi/

nounB1

a sudden serious and dangerous event or situation that needs immediate action to deal with itvolume_up

This is a medical emergency needing urgent treatment with antibiotics.volume_up

emotion (noun)

UK /ɪˈməʊʃn/US /ɪˈməʊʃn/

nounB1

a strong feeling such as love, fear or anger; the part of a person’s character that consists of feelingsvolume_up

to show/express your emotionsvolume_up

emotional (adjective)

UK /ɪˈməʊʃənl/US /ɪˈməʊʃənl/

adjectiveB2

connected with people’s feelings (= with the emotions)volume_up

emotional problems/stressvolume_up

emphasis (noun)

UK /ˈemfəsɪs/US /ˈemfəsɪs/

nounB2

special importance that is given to somethingvolume_up

Since the elections there has been a greater emphasis on education.volume_up

emphasize (verb)

UK /ˈemfəsaɪz/US /ˈemfəsaɪz/

verbB2

to give special importance to somethingvolume_up

His speech emphasized the importance of attracting industry to the town.volume_up

employ (verb)

UK /ɪmˈplɔɪ/US /ɪmˈplɔɪ/

verbA2

to give somebody a job to do for paymentvolume_up

How many people does the company employ?volume_up

employee (noun)

UK /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/US /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/

nounA2

a person who is paid to work for somebodyvolume_up

The firm has over 500 employees.volume_up

employer (noun)

UK /ɪmˈplɔɪə(r)/US /ɪmˈplɔɪər/

nounA2

a person or company that pays people to work for themvolume_up

They're very good employers (= they treat the people that work for them well).volume_up

employment (noun)

UK /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/US /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/

nounB1

work, especially when it is done to earn money; the state of being employedvolume_up

full-time/part-time employmentvolume_up

empty (verb)

UK /ˈempti/US /ˈempti/

adjectiveA2

with no people or things insidevolume_up

an empty box/glass/bottlevolume_up

verbB1

to remove everything that is in a container, etc.volume_up

She emptied the bins, washed the glasses and went to bed.volume_up

enable (verb)

UK /ɪˈneɪbl/US /ɪˈneɪbl/

verbB2

to make it possible for somebody/something to do somethingvolume_up

This new programme will enable older people to study at college.volume_up

encounter (verb)

UK /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/US /ɪnˈkaʊntər/

nounB2

a meeting, especially one that is sudden, unexpected or violentvolume_up

a chance encountervolume_up

verbB2

to experience something, especially something unpleasant or difficult, while you are trying to do something elsevolume_up

We encountered a number of difficulties in the first week.volume_up

encourage (verb)

UK /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/US /ɪnˈkɜːrɪdʒ/

verbB1

to give somebody support, courage or hopevolume_up

We were greatly encouraged by the positive response of the public.volume_up

end (verb)

UK /end/US /end/

nounA1

the final part of a period of time, an event, an activity or a storyvolume_up

It's the end of an era.volume_up

verbA1

to finish; to reach a point and go no further; to make something finishvolume_up

At last the war ended.volume_up

ending (noun)

UK /ˈendɪŋ/US /ˈendɪŋ/

nounA2

the last part of a story, film, etc.volume_up

His stories usually have a happy ending.volume_up

enemy (noun)

UK /ˈenəmi/US /ˈenəmi/

nounB1

a person who hates somebody or who acts or speaks against somebody/somethingvolume_up

She didn't have an enemy in the world.volume_up

energy (noun)

UK /ˈenədʒi/US /ˈenərdʒi/

nounA2

the strength, effort and enthusiasm required for physical or mental activity, work, etc.volume_up

It's a waste of time and energy.volume_up

engage (verb)

UK /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/US /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/

verbB2

to succeed in attracting and keeping somebody’s attention and interestvolume_up

It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.volume_up

engaged (adjective)

UK /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒd/US /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒd/

adjectiveB1

having agreed to marry somebodyvolume_up

When did you get engaged?volume_up

engine (noun)

UK /ˈendʒɪn/US /ˈendʒɪn/

nounA2

the part of a vehicle that produces power to make the vehicle movevolume_up

a diesel/petrol enginevolume_up

engineer (noun)

UK /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/US /ˌendʒɪˈnɪr/

nounA2

a person whose job involves designing and building engines, machines, roads, bridges, etc.volume_up

We worked with a team of scientists and engineers.volume_up

engineering (noun)

UK /ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/US /ˌendʒɪˈnɪrɪŋ/

nounB1

the activity of applying scientific knowledge to the design, building and control of machines, roads, bridges, electrical equipment, etc.volume_up

The bridge is a triumph of modern engineering.volume_up

enhance (verb)

UK /ɪnˈhɑːns/US /ɪnˈhæns/

verbB2

to increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of somebody/somethingvolume_up

This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the company.volume_up

enjoy (verb)

UK /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/US /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/

verbA1

to get pleasure from somethingvolume_up

We thoroughly enjoyed our time in New York.volume_up

enormous (adjective)

UK /ɪˈnɔːməs/US /ɪˈnɔːrməs/

adjectiveA2

extremely largevolume_up

an enormous house/dogvolume_up

enough (pronoun)

UK /ɪˈnʌf/US /ɪˈnʌf/

adverbA1

to the necessary degreevolume_up

I hadn't trained enough for the game.volume_up

determinerA1

used before plural or uncountable nouns to mean ‘as many or as much as somebody needs or wants’volume_up

Have you made enough copies?volume_up

pronounA1

as many or as much as somebody needs or wantsvolume_up

Six bottles should be enough.volume_up

enquiry (noun)

UK /ɪnˈkwaɪəri/US /ˈɪnkwəri/

nounB2

an official process to find out the cause of something or to find out information about somethingvolume_up

a murder enquiryvolume_up

ensure (verb)

UK /ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/US /ɪnˈʃʊr/

verbB2

to make sure that something happens or is definitevolume_up

We are working to ensure the safety of people in the city.volume_up

enter (verb)

UK /ˈentə(r)/US /ˈentər/

verbA2

to come or go into somethingvolume_up

Knock before you enter.volume_up

entertain (verb)

UK /ˌentəˈteɪn/US /ˌentərˈteɪn/

verbB1

to interest somebody or make somebody laugh in order to please themvolume_up

The aim of the series is both to entertain and inform.volume_up

entertainment (noun)

UK /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/US /ˌentərˈteɪnmənt/

nounB1

films, music, etc. used to entertain people; an example of thisvolume_up

radio, television and other forms of entertainmentvolume_up

enthusiasm (noun)

UK /ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm/US /ɪnˈθuːziæzəm/

nounB2

a strong feeling of excitement and interest in something and a desire to become involved in itvolume_up

Her voice was full of enthusiasm.volume_up

enthusiastic (adjective)

UK /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/US /ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk/

adjectiveB2

feeling or showing a lot of excitement and interest about somebody/somethingvolume_up

an enthusiastic supportervolume_up

entire (adjective)

UK /ɪnˈtaɪə(r)/US /ɪnˈtaɪər/

adjectiveB2

including everything, everyone or every partvolume_up

The entire village was destroyed.volume_up

entirely (adverb)

UK /ɪnˈtaɪəli/US /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

adverbB2

in every way possible; completelyvolume_up

The experience was entirely new to me.volume_up

entrance (noun)

UK /ˈentrəns/US /ˈentrəns/

nounB1

a door, gate, passage, etc. used for entering a room, building or placevolume_up

the front/back/side entrance of the housevolume_up

entry (noun)

UK /ˈentri/US /ˈentri/

nounB1

an act of going into or getting into a placevolume_up

She made her entry to the sound of thunderous applause.volume_up

environment (noun)

UK /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/US /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/

nounA2

the natural world in which people, animals and plants livevolume_up

The government should do more to protect the environment.volume_up

environmental (adjective)

UK /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/US /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/

adjectiveB1

connected with the natural conditions in which people, animals and plants live; connected with the environmentvolume_up

the environmental impact of pollutionvolume_up

episode (noun)

UK /ˈepɪsəʊd/US /ˈepɪsəʊd/

nounB1

one part of a story that is broadcast on television or radio in several partsvolume_up

The next episode has not yet been filmed.volume_up

equal (verb)

UK /ˈiːkwəl/US /ˈiːkwəl/

adjectiveB1

the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as something elsevolume_up

There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.volume_up

nounB2

a person or thing of the same quality or with the same status, rights, etc. as anothervolume_up

She treats the people who work for her as her equals.volume_up

verbB1

to be the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as something elsevolume_up

2x plus y equals 7 (= 2x+y=7)volume_up

equally (adverb)

UK /ˈiːkwəli/US /ˈiːkwəli/

adverbB1

to the same degree; in the same or in a similar wayvolume_up

Diet and exercise are equally important.volume_up

equipment (noun)

UK /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/US /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/

nounA2

the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activityvolume_up

a useful piece of equipment for the kitchenvolume_up

error (noun)

UK /ˈerə(r)/US /ˈerər/

nounA2

a mistake, especially one that causes problems or affects the result of somethingvolume_up

spelling/typographical/grammatical errorsvolume_up

escape (verb)

UK /ɪˈskeɪp/US /ɪˈskeɪp/

nounB1

the act or a method of escaping from a place or an unpleasant or dangerous situationvolume_up

I had a narrow escape (= I was lucky to have escaped).volume_up

verbB1

to get away from a place where you have been kept as a prisoner or not allowed to leavevolume_up

Two prisoners have escaped.volume_up

especially (adverb)

UK /ɪˈspeʃəli/US /ɪˈspeʃəli/

adverbA2

more with one person, thing, etc. than with others, or more in particular circumstances than in othersvolume_up

Teenagers are very fashion conscious, especially girls.volume_up

essay (noun)

UK /ˈeseɪ/US /ˈeseɪ/

nounA2

a short piece of writing by a student as part of a course of studyvolume_up

I have to write an essay this weekend.volume_up

essential (adjective)

UK /ɪˈsenʃl/US /ɪˈsenʃl/

adjectiveB1

completely necessary; extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activityvolume_up

an essential part/feature of somethingvolume_up

establish (verb)

UK /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/US /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

verbB2

to start or create an organization, a system, etc. that is meant to last for a long timevolume_up

The committee was established in 1912.volume_up

estate (noun)

UK /ɪˈsteɪt/US /ɪˈsteɪt/

nounB2

an area of land with a lot of houses or factories of the same type on itvolume_up

She lives in a tower block on an estate in London.volume_up

estimate (verb)

UK /ˈestɪmeɪt/US /ˈestɪmeɪt/

nounB2

a judgement that you make without having the exact details or figures about the size, amount, cost, etc. of somethingvolume_up

to provide/obtain an estimatevolume_up

verbB2

to form an idea of the cost, size, value etc. of something, but without calculating it exactlyvolume_up

to estimate the cost/value/number of somethingvolume_up

ethical (adjective)

UK /ˈeθɪkl/US /ˈeθɪkl/

adjectiveB2

connected with beliefs and principles about what is right and wrongvolume_up

ethical issues/standards/questions/dilemmasvolume_up

euro (noun)

UK /ˈjʊərəʊ/US /ˈjʊrəʊ/

nounA1

the unit of money of some countries of the European Unionvolume_up

I paid five euros for it.volume_up

evaluate (verb)

UK /ɪˈvæljueɪt/US /ɪˈvæljueɪt/

verbB2

to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of something after thinking about it carefullyvolume_up

The trial will evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.volume_up

even (adverb)

UK /ˈiːvn/US /ˈiːvn/

adjectiveB2

that can be divided exactly by twovolume_up

4, 6, 8 and 10 are all even numbers.volume_up

adverbA1

used to emphasize something unexpected or surprisingvolume_up

She didn't even call to say she wasn't coming.volume_up

evening (noun)

UK /ˈiːvnɪŋ/US /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

nounA1

the part of the day between the afternoon and the time you go to bedvolume_up

Remember to call me this evening.volume_up

event (noun)

UK /ɪˈvent/US /ɪˈvent/

nounA1

a thing that happens, especially something importantvolume_up

recent/current/world eventsvolume_up

eventually (adverb)

UK /ɪˈventʃuəli/US /ɪˈventʃuəli/

adverbB1

at the end of a period of time or a series of eventsvolume_up

Our flight eventually left five hours late.volume_up

ever (adverb)

UK /ˈevə(r)/US /ˈevər/

adverbA1

used in negative sentences and questions, or sentences with if to mean ‘at any time’volume_up

Nothing ever happens here.volume_up

every (determiner)

UK /ˈevri/US /ˈevri/

determinerA1

used with singular nouns to refer to all the members of a group of things or peoplevolume_up

She knows every student in the school.volume_up

everybody (pronoun)

UK /ˈevribɒdi/US /ˈevribɑːdi/

pronounA1

every person; all peoplevolume_up

Everybody knows Tom.volume_up

everyday (adjective)

UK /ˈevrideɪ/US /ˈevrideɪ/

adjectiveA2

used or happening every day or regularly; ordinaryvolume_up

Change is a part of everyday life in business.volume_up

everyone (pronoun)

UK /ˈevriwʌn/US /ˈevriwʌn/

pronounA1

every person; all peoplevolume_up

Everyone cheered and clapped.volume_up

everything (pronoun)

UK /ˈevriθɪŋ/US /ˈevriθɪŋ/

pronounA1

all thingsvolume_up

Everything had gone.volume_up

everywhere (adverb, pronoun, conjunction)

UK /ˈevriweə(r)/US /ˈevriwer/

adverbA2

in, to or at every place; all placesvolume_up

I've looked everywhere.volume_up

evidence (noun)

UK /ˈevɪdəns/US /ˈevɪdəns/

nounA2

the facts, signs or objects that make you believe that something is truevolume_up

Researchers have found clear scientific evidence of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer.volume_up

evil (noun)

UK /ˈiːvl/US /ˈiːvl/

adjectiveB2

enjoying harming others; morally bad and cruelvolume_up

Police described the killer as ‘a desperate and evil man’.volume_up

nounB2

a force that causes bad things to happen; morally bad behaviourvolume_up

the eternal struggle between good and evilvolume_up

exact (adjective)

UK /ɪɡˈzækt/US /ɪɡˈzækt/

adjectiveA2

correct in every detailvolume_up

The new palace is an exact replica of the original building.volume_up

exactly (adverb)

UK /ɪɡˈzæktli/US /ɪɡˈzæktli/

adverbA2

used to emphasize that something is correct in every way or in every detailvolume_up

It's exactly nine o'clock.volume_up

exam (noun)

UK /ɪɡˈzæm/US /ɪɡˈzæm/

nounA1

a formal written, spoken or practical test, especially at school or college, to see how much you know about a subject, or what you can dovolume_up

to take an examvolume_up

examination (noun)

UK /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/US /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/

nounB2

a formal written, spoken or practical test, especially at school or college, to see how much you know about a subject, or what you can dovolume_up

successful candidates in GCSE examinationsvolume_up

examine (verb)

UK /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/US /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/

verbB1

to consider or study an idea, a subject, etc. very carefullyvolume_up

This study sets out to examine in detail the possible effects of climate change.volume_up

example (noun)

UK /ɪɡˈzɑːmpl/US /ɪɡˈzæmpl/

nounA1

something such as an object, a fact or a situation that shows, explains or supports what you sayvolume_up

Let me give you an example.volume_up

excellent (adjective)

UK /ˈeksələnt/US /ˈeksələnt/

adjectiveA2

extremely goodvolume_up

an excellent book/articlevolume_up

except (preposition)

UK /ɪkˈsept/US /ɪkˈsept/

conjunctionB1

used before you mention something that makes a statement not completely truevolume_up

I didn't tell him anything except that I needed the money.volume_up

prepositionA2

used before you mention the only thing or person about which a statement is not truevolume_up

We work every day except Sunday.volume_up

exchange (verb)

UK /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/US /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

nounB1

an act of giving something to somebody or doing something for somebody and receiving something in returnvolume_up

The exchange of prisoners took place this morning.volume_up

verbB1

to give something to somebody and at the same time receive the same type of thing from themvolume_up

to exchange news/informationvolume_up

excited (adjective)

UK /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/US /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/

adjectiveA1

feeling or showing happiness and enthusiasmvolume_up

Staff got excited when they heard they were getting a bonus.volume_up

excitement (noun)

UK /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/US /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/

nounB1

the state of feeling or showing happiness and enthusiasmvolume_up

The news caused great excitement among her friends.volume_up

exciting (adjective)

UK /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/US /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/

adjectiveA1

causing great interest or excitementvolume_up

This is an exciting opportunity for me.volume_up

excuse (verb)

UK /ɪkˈskjuːz/US /ɪkˈskjuːz/

nounB2

a reason, either true or invented, that you give to explain or defend your behaviourvolume_up

Late again! What's your excuse this time?volume_up

verbB2

to forgive somebody for something that they have done, for example not being polite or making a small mistakevolume_up

Please excuse the mess.volume_up

executive (noun)

UK /ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/US /ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/

adjectiveB2

connected with managing a business or an organization, and with making plans and decisionsvolume_up

She has an executive position in a finance company.volume_up

nounB2

a person who has an important job as a manager of a company or an organizationvolume_up

company/corporate/business/industry executivesvolume_up

exercise (verb)

UK /ˈeksəsaɪz/US /ˈeksərsaɪz/

nounA1

physical or mental activity that you do to stay healthy or become strongervolume_up

Swimming is good exercise.volume_up

verbA1

to do sports or other physical activities in order to stay healthy or become stronger; to make an animal do thisvolume_up

an hour’s class of exercising to musicvolume_up

exhibition (noun)

UK /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/US /ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/

nounB1

a collection of things, for example works of art, that are shown to the publicvolume_up

Have you seen the Picasso exhibition?volume_up

exist (verb)

UK /ɪɡˈzɪst/US /ɪɡˈzɪst/

verbA2

to be real; to be present in a place or situationvolume_up

Does life exist on other planets?volume_up

existence (noun)

UK /ɪɡˈzɪstəns/US /ɪɡˈzɪstəns/

nounB2

the state or fact of being real or living or of being presentvolume_up

I was unaware of his existence until today.volume_up

expand (verb)

UK /ɪkˈspænd/US /ɪkˈspænd/

verbB1

to become greater in size, number or importance; to make something greater in size, number or importancevolume_up

Metals expand when they are heated.volume_up

expect (verb)

UK /ɪkˈspekt/US /ɪkˈspekt/

verbA2

to think or believe that something will happen or that somebody will do somethingvolume_up

The company is expecting record sales this year.volume_up

expectation (noun)

UK /ˌekspekˈteɪʃn/US /ˌekspekˈteɪʃn/

nounB2

a belief that something will happen because it is likelyvolume_up

We are confident in our expectation of a full recovery.volume_up

expected (adjective)

UK /ɪkˈspektɪd/US /ɪkˈspektɪd/

adjectiveB1

that you think will happenvolume_up

Double the expected number of people came to the meeting.volume_up

expedition (noun)

UK /ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/US /ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/

nounB1

an organized journey with a particular purpose, especially to find out about a place that is not well knownvolume_up

to plan/lead/go on an expeditionvolume_up

expense (noun)

UK /ɪkˈspens/US /ɪkˈspens/

nounB2

the money that you spend on somethingvolume_up

The garden was transformed at great expense.volume_up

expensive (adjective)

UK /ɪkˈspensɪv/US /ɪkˈspensɪv/

adjectiveA1

costing a lot of moneyvolume_up

an expensive car/restaurant/holidayvolume_up

experience (verb)

UK /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/US /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

nounA2

the knowledge and skill that you have gained through doing something for a period of time; the process of gaining thisvolume_up

My lack of practical experience was a disadvantage.volume_up

verbB1

to have a particular situation affect you or happen to youvolume_up

Many people have never experienced these difficulties first-hand.volume_up

experienced (adjective)

UK /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/US /ɪkˈspɪriənst/

adjectiveB1

having knowledge or skill in a particular job or activityvolume_up

an experienced player/teachervolume_up

experiment (verb)

UK /ɪkˈsperɪment/US /ɪkˈsperɪment/

nounA2

a scientific test that is done in order to study what happens and to gain new knowledgevolume_up

to do/perform/conduct an experimentvolume_up

verbB1

to do a scientific experiment or experimentsvolume_up

After experimenting at Columbia University, he realized that fission was the key to releasing nuclear energy.volume_up

expert (noun)

UK /ˈekspɜːt/US /ˈekspɜːrt/

adjectiveA2

done with, having or involving great knowledge or skillvolume_up

to seek expert advicevolume_up

nounA2

a person with special knowledge, skill or training in somethingvolume_up

a legal/security/medical/computer expertvolume_up

explain (verb)

UK /ɪkˈspleɪn/US /ɪkˈspleɪn/

verbA1

to tell somebody about something in a way that makes it easy to understandvolume_up

He was trying to explain the difference between hip hop and rap.volume_up

explanation (noun)

UK /ˌekspləˈneɪʃn/US /ˌekspləˈneɪʃn/

nounA2

a statement, fact, or situation that tells you why something happened; a reason given for somethingvolume_up

The most likely explanation is that his plane was delayed.volume_up

explode (verb)

UK /ɪkˈspləʊd/US /ɪkˈspləʊd/

verbB1

to burst (= break apart) or make something burst loudly and violently, causing damagevolume_up

A second bomb exploded in a crowded market.volume_up

exploration (noun)

UK /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/US /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/

nounB2

the act of travelling through a place in order to find out about it or look for something in itvolume_up

Budgets for space exploration have been cut back.volume_up

explore (verb)

UK /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/US /ɪkˈsplɔːr/

verbB1

to travel to or around an area or a country in order to learn about itvolume_up

As soon as we arrived on the island we were eager to explore.volume_up

explosion (noun)

UK /ɪkˈspləʊʒn/US /ɪkˈspləʊʒn/

nounB1

the sudden violent bursting and loud noise of something such as a bomb exploding; the act of deliberately causing something to explodevolume_up

a bomb/nuclear/gas explosionvolume_up

export (verb)

UK /ɪkˈspɔːt/US /ɪkˈspɔːrt/

nounB1

the selling and transporting of goods to another countryvolume_up

a ban on the export of live cattlevolume_up

verbB1

to sell and send goods to another countryvolume_up

The islands export sugar and fruit.volume_up

expose (verb)

UK /ɪkˈspəʊz/US /ɪkˈspəʊz/

verbB2

to show something that is usually hiddenvolume_up

He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth.volume_up

express (verb)

UK /ɪkˈspres/US /ɪkˈspres/

verbA2

to show or make known a feeling, an opinion, etc. by words, looks or actionsvolume_up

Teachers have expressed concern about the changes.volume_up

expression (noun)

UK /ɪkˈspreʃn/US /ɪkˈspreʃn/

nounA2

a word or phrasevolume_up

What's the meaning of the expression ‘on cloud nine’?volume_up

extend (verb)

UK /ɪkˈstend/US /ɪkˈstend/

verbB2

to make something longer or largervolume_up

to extend a fence/road/housevolume_up

extent (noun)

UK /ɪkˈstent/US /ɪkˈstent/

nounB2

how large, important, serious, etc. something isvolume_up

It is difficult to assess the full extent of the damage.volume_up

external (adjective)

UK /ɪkˈstɜːnl/US /ɪkˈstɜːrnl/

adjectiveB2

connected with or located on the outside of something/somebodyvolume_up

the external walls of the buildingvolume_up

extra (noun)

UK /ˈekstrə/US /ˈekstrə/

adjectiveA1

more than is usual, expected, or than exists alreadyvolume_up

extra money/cash/fundingvolume_up

adverbB1

in addition; more than is usual, expected or exists alreadyvolume_up

to pay/cost extravolume_up

nounB1

a thing that is added to something that is not usual, standard or necessary and that costs morevolume_up

The monthly fee is fixed and there are no hidden extras (= unexpected costs).volume_up

extraordinary (adjective)

UK /ɪkˈstrɔːdnri/US /ɪkˈstrɔːrdəneri/

adjectiveB2

unexpected, surprising or strangevolume_up

What an extraordinary thing to say!volume_up

extreme (noun)

UK /ɪkˈstriːm/US /ɪkˈstriːm/

adjectiveA2

very great in degreevolume_up

We are working under extreme pressure at the moment.volume_up

nounB2

a feeling, situation, way of behaving, etc. that is as different as possible from another or is opposite to itvolume_up

extremes of love and hatevolume_up

extremely (adverb)

UK /ɪkˈstriːmli/US /ɪkˈstriːmli/

adverbA2

to a very high degreevolume_up

It is extremely important to follow the directions exactly.volume_up

eye (noun)

UK /aɪ/US /aɪ/

nounA1

either of the two organs on the face that you see withvolume_up

The suspect has dark hair and green eyes.volume_up

face (verb)

UK /feɪs/US /feɪs/

nounA1

the front part of the head, where the eyes, nose and mouth arevolume_up

a pretty/pale/round facevolume_up

verbB1

to be opposite somebody/something; to have your face or front pointing towards somebody/something or in a particular directionvolume_up

She turned and faced him.volume_up

facility (noun)

UK /fəˈsɪləti/US /fəˈsɪləti/

nounB2

buildings, services, equipment, etc. that are provided for a particular purposevolume_up

leisure/sports facilitiesvolume_up

fact (noun)

UK /fækt/US /fækt/

nounA1

a thing that is known to be true, especially when it can be provedvolume_up

First, some basic facts about healthy eating.volume_up

factor (noun)

UK /ˈfæktə(r)/US /ˈfæktər/

nounA2

one of several things that cause or influence somethingvolume_up

Obesity is a major risk factor for heart disease.volume_up

factory (noun)

UK /ˈfæktri/US /ˈfæktri/

nounA2

a building or group of buildings where goods are made, mainly by machinevolume_up

a car factoryvolume_up

fail (verb)

UK /feɪl/US /feɪl/

verbA2

to not be successful in achieving somethingvolume_up

Many diets fail because they are boring.volume_up

failure (noun)

UK /ˈfeɪljə(r)/US /ˈfeɪljər/

nounB2

lack of success in doing or achieving somethingvolume_up

The success or failure of the plan depends on you.volume_up

fair (adjective)

UK /feə(r)/US /fer/

adjectiveA2

acceptable and appropriate in a particular situationvolume_up

a fair deal/wage/pricevolume_up

fairly (adverb)

UK /ˈfeəli/US /ˈferli/

adverbB1

to some extent but not veryvolume_up

fairly simple/easy/straightforwardvolume_up

faith (noun)

UK /feɪθ/US /feɪθ/

nounB2

trust in somebody’s ability or knowledge; trust that somebody/something will do what has been promisedvolume_up

If the company can retain its customers' faith, it could become the market leader.volume_up

fall (verb)

UK /fɔːl/US /fɔːl/

nounA2

an act of fallingvolume_up

I had a bad fall and broke my arm.volume_up

verbA1

to drop down from a higher level to a lower levelvolume_up

The rain was falling steadily.volume_up

false (adjective)

UK /fɔːls/US /fɔːls/

adjectiveA1

wrong; not correct or truevolume_up

A whale is a fish. True or false?volume_up

familiar (adjective)

UK /fəˈmɪliə(r)/US /fəˈmɪliər/

adjectiveB1

well known to you; often seen or heard and therefore easy to recognizevolume_up

to look/sound/seem familiarvolume_up

family (noun)

UK /ˈfæməli/US /ˈfæməli/

adjectiveA1

connected with the family or a particular familyvolume_up

family lifevolume_up

nounA1

a group consisting of one or two parents and their childrenvolume_up

I introduced Neil to the other members of my family.volume_up

famous (adjective)

UK /ˈfeɪməs/US /ˈfeɪməs/

adjectiveA1

known about by many peoplevolume_up

a famous artist/actorvolume_up

fan (noun)

UK /fæn/US /fæn/

nounA2

a person who admires somebody/something or enjoys watching or listening to somebody/something very muchvolume_up

sports/music fansvolume_up

fancy (verb)

UK /ˈfænsi/US /ˈfænsi/

adjectiveB1

unusually complicated, often in an unnecessary way; intended to impress other peoplevolume_up

a kitchen full of fancy gadgetsvolume_up

verbB1

to want something or want to do somethingvolume_up

Fancy a drink?volume_up

fantastic (adjective)

UK /fænˈtæstɪk/US /fænˈtæstɪk/

adjectiveA1

extremely good; excellentvolume_up

He's done a fantastic job.volume_up

far (adverb)

UK /fɑː(r)/US /fɑːr/

adjectiveB1

at a greater distance away from youvolume_up

I saw her on the far side of the road.volume_up

adverbA1

a long distance awayvolume_up

We didn't go far.volume_up

farm (verb)

UK /fɑːm/US /fɑːrm/

nounA1

an area of land, and the buildings on it, used for growing crops and/or keeping animalsvolume_up

a 200-hectare farmvolume_up

verbA2

to use land for growing crops and/or keeping animalsvolume_up

The family has farmed in Kent for over two hundred years.volume_up

farmer (noun)

UK /ˈfɑːmə(r)/US /ˈfɑːrmər/

nounA1

a person who owns or manages a farmvolume_up

My parents are dairy farmers.volume_up

farming (noun)

UK /ˈfɑːmɪŋ/US /ˈfɑːrmɪŋ/

nounA2

the business of managing or working on a farmvolume_up

to take up farmingvolume_up

fascinating (adjective)

UK /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/US /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/

adjectiveB1

extremely interesting and attractivevolume_up

a fascinating storyvolume_up

fashion (noun)

UK /ˈfæʃn/US /ˈfæʃn/

nounA2

a popular style of clothes, hair, etc. at a particular time or place; the state of being popularvolume_up

the latest fashion trendsvolume_up

fashionable (adjective)

UK /ˈfæʃnəbl/US /ˈfæʃnəbl/

adjectiveB1

following a style that is popular at a particular timevolume_up

fashionable clothes/ideas/stylesvolume_up

fast (adverb)

UK /fɑːst/US /fæst/

adjectiveA1

moving or able to move quicklyvolume_up

a fast car/horsevolume_up

adverbA1

quicklyvolume_up

Don't drive so fast!volume_up

fasten (verb)

UK /ˈfɑːsn/US /ˈfæsn/

verbB1

to close or join together the two parts of something; to become closed or joined togethervolume_up

Fasten your seat belts, please.volume_up

fat (noun)

UK /fæt/US /fæt/

adjectiveA1

having too much flesh on it and weighing too muchvolume_up

a big fat man/womanvolume_up

nounA2

a white or yellow substance in the bodies of animals and humans, stored under the skinvolume_up

excess body fatvolume_up

father (noun)

UK /ˈfɑːðə(r)/US /ˈfɑːðər/

nounA1

a male parent of a child or an animal; a person who is acting as the father to a childvolume_up

My father died in 2017.volume_up

fault (noun)

UK /fɔːlt/US /fɔːlt/

nounB2

the responsibility for something wrong that has happened or been donevolume_up

Why should I say sorry when it's not my fault?volume_up

favour (verb)

UK /ˈfeɪvə(r)/US /ˈfeɪvər/

nounB1

a thing that you do to help somebodyvolume_up

Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today?volume_up

verbB2

to prefer one system, plan, way of doing something, etc. to anothervolume_up

Many countries favour a presidential system of government.volume_up

favourite (noun)

UK /ˈfeɪvərɪt/US /ˈfeɪvərɪt/

adjectiveA1

liked more than others of the same kindvolume_up

It's one of my favourite movies.volume_up

nounA1

a person or thing that you like more than the others of the same typevolume_up

Which one's your favourite?volume_up

fear (verb)

UK /fɪə(r)/US /fɪr/

nounA2

the bad feeling that you have when you are in danger or when a particular thing frightens youvolume_up

Her eyes showed no fear.volume_up

verbB1

to be frightened of somebody/something or frightened of doing somethingvolume_up

All his employees fear him.volume_up

feather (noun)

UK /ˈfeðə(r)/US /ˈfeðər/

nounB2

one of the many soft light parts covering a bird’s bodyvolume_up

a peacock feathervolume_up

feature (verb)

UK /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/US /ˈfiːtʃər/

nounA2

something important, interesting or typical of a place or thingvolume_up

An interesting feature of the city is the old market.volume_up

verbB1

to include a particular person or thing as a special featurevolume_up

The film features Cary Grant as a professor.volume_up

february (noun)

UK /ˈfebruəri/US /ˈfebrueri/

nounA1

the 2nd month of the year, between January and Marchvolume_up

She was born in February.volume_up

fee (noun)

UK /fiː/US /fiː/

nounB2

an amount of money that you pay for professional advice or servicesvolume_up

Employees are reimbursed for any legal fees incurred when they relocate.volume_up

feed (verb)

UK /fiːd/US /fiːd/

nounB2

a meal of milk for a young baby; a meal for an animalvolume_up

her morning feedvolume_up

verbA2

to give food to a person or an animalvolume_up

Have you fed the cat yet?volume_up

feedback (noun)

UK /ˈfiːdbæk/US /ˈfiːdbæk/

nounB2

advice, criticism or information about how good or useful something or somebody’s work isvolume_up

customer/user feedbackvolume_up

feel (verb)

UK /fiːl/US /fiːl/

nounB2

the feeling you get when you touch something or are touchedvolume_up

You can tell it's silk by the feel.volume_up

verbA1

to experience a particular feeling or emotionvolume_up

The bus ride made me feel sick.volume_up

feeling (noun)

UK /ˈfiːlɪŋ/US /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

nounA1

something that you feel through the mind or through the sensesvolume_up

a feeling of guilt/helplessness/anger/sadnessvolume_up

fellow (adjective)

UK /ˈfeləʊ/US /ˈfeləʊ/

adjectiveB2

used to describe somebody who is the same as you in some way, or in the same situationvolume_up

fellow citizens/studentsvolume_up

female (noun)

UK /ˈfiːmeɪl/US /ˈfiːmeɪl/

adjectiveA2

being a woman or a girlvolume_up

a female student/employee/artist/athletevolume_up

nounA2

an animal that can lay eggs or give birth to babies; a plant that can produce fruitvolume_up

One adult female can lay 400 to 500 eggs.volume_up

fence (noun)

UK /fens/US /fens/

nounB1

a structure made of wood or wire supported with posts that is put between two areas of land as a boundary, or around a garden, field, etc. to keep animals in, or to keep people and animals outvolume_up

The two women chatted over the garden fence.volume_up

festival (noun)

UK /ˈfestɪvl/US /ˈfestɪvl/

nounA1

a series of performances of music, plays, films, etc., usually organized in the same place once a year; a series of public events connected with a particular activity or ideavolume_up

a film/music festivalvolume_up

few (pronoun)

UK /fjuː/US /fjuː/

adjectiveA1

used with plural nouns and a plural verb to mean ‘a small number’, ‘some’volume_up

We've had a few replies.volume_up

determinerA1

used with plural nouns and a plural verb to mean ‘a small number’, ‘some’volume_up

We've had a few replies.volume_up

pronounA1

a small number of people, things or places; somevolume_up

I recognized a few of the other people.volume_up

fiction (noun)

UK /ˈfɪkʃn/US /ˈfɪkʃn/

nounA2

a type of literature that describes imaginary people and events, not real onesvolume_up

a work of popular fictionvolume_up

field (noun)

UK /fiːld/US /fiːld/

nounA2

an area of land in the country used for growing crops or keeping animals in, usually surrounded by a fence, etc.volume_up

We had to walk across a ploughed field.volume_up

fifteen (number)

UK /ˌfɪfˈtiːn/US /ˌfɪfˈtiːn/

numberA1

15volume_up

He's in the first fifteen.volume_up

fifth (ordinal number)

UK /fɪfθ/US /fɪfθ/

ordinal numberA1

5thvolume_up

Today is the fifth (of May).volume_up

fifty (number)

UK /ˈfɪfti/US /ˈfɪfti/

numberA1

50volume_up

She was born in the fifties.volume_up

fight (verb)

UK /faɪt/US /faɪt/

nounA2

a struggle against somebody/something using physical forcevolume_up

a street/gang fightvolume_up

verbA2

to take part in a war or battle against an enemyvolume_up

soldiers trained to fightvolume_up

fighting (noun)

UK /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/US /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

nounB1

the activity of being involved in a battle against an enemyvolume_up

Fighting broke out in three districts of the city last night.volume_up

figure (verb)

UK /ˈfɪɡə(r)/US /ˈfɪɡjər/

nounA2

a number representing a particular amount, especially one given in official informationvolume_up

the latest sales/crime/unemployment figuresvolume_up

verbB2

to be part of a process, situation, etc. especially an important partvolume_up

My feelings about the matter didn't seem to figure at all.volume_up

file (verb)

UK /faɪl/US /faɪl/

nounB1

a box or folded piece of card for keeping loose papers together and in ordervolume_up

a box filevolume_up

verbB2

to put and keep paper documents in a particular place and in a particular order so that you can find them easily; to put a paper document in a box, file, etc.volume_up

The forms should be filed alphabetically.volume_up

fill (verb)

UK /fɪl/US /fɪl/

verbA1

to make something full of something; to become full of somethingvolume_up

Please fill this glass for me.volume_up

film (verb)

UK /fɪlm/US /fɪlm/

nounA1

a series of moving pictures recorded with sound that tells a story, watched at a cinema or on a television or other devicevolume_up

Let's stay in and watch a film.volume_up

verbA2

to make a film of a story or a real event; to record somebody/something on filmvolume_up

They are filming in Moscow right now.volume_up

final (noun)

UK /ˈfaɪnl/US /ˈfaɪnl/

adjectiveA1

being or happening at the end of a series of events, actions, statements, etc.volume_up

his final act as party leadervolume_up

nounA2

the last of a series of games or competitions, in which the winner is decidedvolume_up

She reached the final of the 100m hurdles.volume_up

finally (adverb)

UK /ˈfaɪnəli/US /ˈfaɪnəli/

adverbA2

after a long time, especially when there has been some difficulty or delayvolume_up

The performance finally started half an hour late.volume_up

finance (verb)

UK /ˈfaɪnæns/US /ˈfaɪnæns/

nounB2

money used to run a business, an activity or a projectvolume_up

The project will only go ahead if they can raise the necessary finance.volume_up

verbB2

to provide money for a projectvolume_up

He took a job to finance his stay in Germany.volume_up

financial (adjective)

UK /faɪˈnænʃl/US /faɪˈnænʃl/

adjectiveB1

connected with money and financevolume_up

the world's major financial markets/institutionsvolume_up

find (verb)

UK /faɪnd/US /faɪnd/

verbA1

to discover somebody/something unexpectedly or by chancevolume_up

Look what I've found!volume_up

finding (noun)

UK /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/US /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

nounB2

information that is discovered as the result of research into somethingvolume_up

Our research findings indicate that pregnant women benefit from this treatment.volume_up

fine (verb)

UK /faɪn/US /faɪn/

adjectiveA1

in good healthvolume_up

‘How are you?’ ‘Fine, thanks.’volume_up

nounC1

a sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rulevolume_up

I got a parking fine for parking on double yellow lines.volume_up

verbC1

to make somebody pay money as an official punishmentvolume_up

The magistrate fined him $400.volume_up

finger (noun)

UK /ˈfɪŋɡə(r)/US /ˈfɪŋɡər/

nounA2

one of the four long thin parts that stick out from the hand (or five, if the thumb is included)volume_up

She ran her fingers through her hair.volume_up

finish (verb)

UK /ˈfɪnɪʃ/US /ˈfɪnɪʃ/

nounA2

the last part or the end of somethingvolume_up

It was a close finish as they had predicted.volume_up

verbA1

to stop doing something or making something because it is completevolume_up

Haven't you finished your homework yet?volume_up

fire (verb)

UK /ˈfaɪə(r)/US /ˈfaɪər/

nounA1

the flames, light and heat, and often smoke, that are produced when something burnsvolume_up

Most animals are afraid of fire.volume_up

verbB1

to shoot bullets, etc. from a gun or other weaponvolume_up

The officer ordered his men to fire.volume_up

firm (noun)

UK /fɜːm/US /fɜːrm/

adjectiveB2

fairly hard; not easy to press into a different shapevolume_up

a firm bed/mattressvolume_up

nounB2

a business or companyvolume_up

a law/consulting/research firmvolume_up

first (determiner, ordinal number)

UK /fɜːst/US /fɜːrst/

adverbA1

before anyone or anything else; at the beginningvolume_up

‘Do you want a drink?’ ‘I'll finish my work first.’volume_up

determinerA1

happening or coming before all other similar things or people; 1stvolume_up

her first husbandvolume_up

nounA2

the person or thing that comes or happens before all other similar people or thingsvolume_up

I was the first in my family to go to college.volume_up

ordinal numberA1

happening or coming before all other similar things or people; 1stvolume_up

her first husbandvolume_up

firstly (adverb)

UK /ˈfɜːstli/US /ˈfɜːrstli/

adverbA2

used to introduce the first of a list of points you want to make in a speech or piece of writingvolume_up

There are two reasons for this decision: firstly…volume_up

fish (verb)

UK /fɪʃ/US /fɪʃ/

nounA1

a creature that lives in water, breathes through gills, and uses fins and a tail for swimmingvolume_up

They caught several fish.volume_up

verbA2

to try to catch fish with nets, a fishing line, etc.volume_up

The trawler was fishing off the coast of Iceland.volume_up

fishing (noun)

UK /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/US /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/

nounA2

the sport or business of catching fishvolume_up

They often go fishing.volume_up

fit (verb)

UK /fɪt/US /fɪt/

adjectiveA2

healthy and strong, especially because you do regular physical exercisevolume_up

Top athletes have to be very fit.volume_up

nounC1

a sudden attack of an illness, such as epilepsy, in which somebody becomes unconscious and their body may make violent movementsvolume_up

to have an epileptic fitvolume_up

verbA2

to be the right shape and size for somebody/somethingvolume_up

I tried the dress on but it didn't fit.volume_up

fitness (noun)

UK /ˈfɪtnəs/US /ˈfɪtnəs/

nounB1

the state of being physically healthy and strongvolume_up

a magazine on health and fitnessvolume_up

five (number)

UK /faɪv/US /faɪv/

numberA1

5volume_up

There are only five cookies left.volume_up

fix (verb)

UK /fɪks/US /fɪks/

nounB2

a solution to a problem, especially an easy or temporary onevolume_up

Luckily there is an easy fix.volume_up

verbA2

to repair or correct somethingvolume_up

The car won't start—can you fix it?volume_up

fixed (adjective)

UK /fɪkst/US /fɪkst/

adjectiveB1

staying the same; not changing or able to be changedvolume_up

These fixed prices give farmers a degree of financial security.volume_up

flag (noun)

UK /flæɡ/US /flæɡ/

nounB1

a piece of cloth with a special coloured design on it that may be the symbol of a particular country or organization, may be used to give a signal or may have a particular meaning. A flag can be attached to a pole (= a long thin straight piece of wood or metal) or held in the hand.volume_up

the Italian flagvolume_up

flame (noun)

UK /fleɪm/US /fleɪm/

nounB2

a hot bright stream of burning gas that comes from something that is on firevolume_up

the tiny yellow flame of a matchvolume_up

flash (verb)

UK /flæʃ/US /flæʃ/

nounB2

a sudden bright light that shines for a moment and then disappearsvolume_up

a flash of lightningvolume_up

verbB2

to shine very brightly for a short time; to make something shine in this wayvolume_up

Lightning flashed in the distance.volume_up

flat (noun)

UK /flæt/US /flæt/

adjectiveA2

having a level surface, not curved or sloping, and without holes or any bits sticking outvolume_up

low buildings with flat roofsvolume_up

nounA1

a set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor of a buildingvolume_up

They're renting a furnished flat on the third floor.volume_up

flexible (adjective)

UK /ˈfleksəbl/US /ˈfleksəbl/

adjectiveB2

able to change to suit new conditions or situationsvolume_up

a more flexible approachvolume_up

flight (noun)

UK /flaɪt/US /flaɪt/

nounA1

a journey made by air, especially in a planevolume_up

a smooth/comfortable/bumpy flightvolume_up

float (verb)

UK /fləʊt/US /fləʊt/

verbB2

to move slowly on water or in the airvolume_up

A group of swans floated by.volume_up

flood (verb)

UK /flʌd/US /flʌd/

nounB1

a large amount of water covering an area that is usually dryvolume_up

The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.volume_up

verbB1

if a place floods or something floods it, it becomes filled or covered with watervolume_up

The cellar floods whenever it rains heavily.volume_up

floor (noun)

UK /flɔː(r)/US /flɔːr/

nounA1

the surface of a room that you walk onvolume_up

a wooden/concrete/tiled floorvolume_up

flour (noun)

UK /ˈflaʊə(r)/US /ˈflaʊər/

nounB1

a fine white or brown powder made from grain, especially wheat, and used in cooking for making bread, cakes, etc.volume_up

Sift the flour and salt into a bowl.volume_up

flow (verb)

UK /fləʊ/US /fləʊ/

nounB1

the steady and continuous movement of something/somebody in one directionvolume_up

the flow of an electric currentvolume_up

verbB1

to move steadily and continuously in one directionvolume_up

She lost control and the tears began to flow.volume_up

flower (noun)

UK /ˈflaʊə(r)/US /ˈflaʊər/

nounA1

the coloured part of a plant from which the seed or fruit develops. Flowers usually grow at the end of a stem and last only a short time.volume_up

The plant has a beautiful bright red flower.volume_up

flu (noun)

UK /fluː/US /fluː/

nounA2

a serious disease caused by a virus, that causes a high temperature, severe pains and weaknessvolume_up

The whole family has the flu.volume_up

fly (verb)

UK /flaɪ/US /flaɪ/

nounA2

a small flying insect with two wings. There are many different types of fly and many of them spread disease.volume_up

A fly was buzzing against the window.volume_up

verbA1

to move through the air, using wingsvolume_up

Penguins can't fly.volume_up

flying (noun)

UK /ˈflaɪɪŋ/US /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

adjectiveA2

able to flyvolume_up

flying insectsvolume_up

nounA2

travelling in an aircraftvolume_up

I'm terrified of flying.volume_up

focus (verb)

UK /ˈfəʊkəs/US /ˈfəʊkəs/

nounA2

the thing or person that people are most interested in; the act of paying special attention to something and making people interested in itvolume_up

It was the main focus of attention at the meeting.volume_up

verbA2

to give attention, effort, etc. to one particular subject, situation or person rather than anothervolume_up

She was distracted and finding it hard to focus.volume_up

fold (verb)

UK /fəʊld/US /fəʊld/

nounB2

a part of something, especially cloth, that is folded or hangs as if it had been foldedvolume_up

the folds of her dressvolume_up

verbB1

to bend something, especially paper or cloth, so that one part lies on top of another partvolume_up

First, fold the paper in half/in two.volume_up

folding (adjective)

UK /ˈfəʊldɪŋ/US /ˈfəʊldɪŋ/

adjectiveB2

that can be folded, so that it can be carried or stored in a small spacevolume_up

a folding chair/bike/knifevolume_up

folk (noun)

UK /fəʊk/US /fəʊk/

adjectiveB1

traditional and typical of the ordinary people of a country or communityvolume_up

We visited an exhibition of folk art.volume_up

nounB1

people in generalvolume_up

ordinary working-class folkvolume_up

follow (verb)

UK /ˈfɒləʊ/US /ˈfɑːləʊ/

verbA1

to come or go after or behind somebody/somethingvolume_up

Follow me please.volume_up

following (preposition)

UK /ˈfɒləʊɪŋ/US /ˈfɑːləʊɪŋ/

adjectiveA2

that is/are going to be mentioned nextvolume_up

Answer the following questions.volume_up

nounB1

the thing or things that you will mention next; the person or people that you will mention nextvolume_up

The following is a summary of events.volume_up

prepositionB2

after or as a result of a particular eventvolume_up

He took charge of the family business following his father's death.volume_up

food (noun)

UK /fuːd/US /fuːd/

nounA1

things that people or animals eatvolume_up

Pat had prepared food and drink for the work party.volume_up

foot (noun)

UK /fʊt/US /fʊt/

nounA1

the lowest part of the leg, below the ankle, on which a person or an animal standsvolume_up

My feet are aching.volume_up

football (noun)

UK /ˈfʊtbɔːl/US /ˈfʊtbɔːl/

nounA1

a game played by two teams of 11 players, using a round ball that players kick up and down the playing field. Teams try to kick the ball into the other team’s goal.volume_up

The kids were outside playing football.volume_up

for (preposition)

UK /fə(r)/US /fər/

prepositionA1

used to show who is intended to have or use something or where something is intended to be putvolume_up

There's a letter for you.volume_up

force (verb)

UK /fɔːs/US /fɔːrs/

nounB1

violent physical action used to obtain or achieve somethingvolume_up

The release of the hostages could not be achieved without the use of force.volume_up

verbB1

to make somebody do something that they do not want to dovolume_up

The President was forced into resigning.volume_up

foreign (adjective)

UK /ˈfɒrən/US /ˈfɔːrən/

adjectiveA2

in or from a country that is not your ownvolume_up

What foreign languages do you speak?volume_up

forest (noun)

UK /ˈfɒrɪst/US /ˈfɔːrɪst/

nounA2

a large area of land that is thickly covered with treesvolume_up

a tropical/pine forestvolume_up

forever (adverb)

UK /fərˈevə(r)/US /fərˈevər/

adverbB1

used to say that a particular situation or state will always existvolume_up

I'll love you forever!volume_up

forget (verb)

UK /fəˈɡet/US /fərˈɡet/

verbA1

to not remember to do something that you ought to do, or to bring or buy something that you ought to bring or buyvolume_up

‘Why weren't you at the meeting?’ ‘Sorry—I forgot.’volume_up

forgive (verb)

UK /fəˈɡɪv/US /fərˈɡɪv/

verbB2

to stop feeling angry with somebody who has done something to harm, annoy or upset you; to stop feeling angry with yourselfvolume_up

Can you ever forgive me?volume_up

fork (noun)

UK /fɔːk/US /fɔːrk/

nounA2

a tool with a handle and three or four sharp points (called prongs), used for picking up and eating foodvolume_up

to eat with a knife and forkvolume_up

form (verb)

UK /fɔːm/US /fɔːrm/

nounA1

a type or variety of somethingvolume_up

all the millions of different life forms on the planet todayvolume_up

verbA1

to produce something in a particular way or make it have a particular shapevolume_up

Bend the wire so that it forms a ‘V’.volume_up

formal (adjective)

UK /ˈfɔːml/US /ˈfɔːrml/

adjectiveA2

very correct and suitable for official or important occasionsvolume_up

ladies in formal evening wearvolume_up

former (adjective)

UK /ˈfɔːmə(r)/US /ˈfɔːrmər/

adjectiveB2

that existed in earlier timesvolume_up

This fine ruin was, in former times, a royal castle.volume_up

fortunately (adverb)

UK /ˈfɔːtʃənətli/US /ˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

adverbA2

by good luckvolume_up

I was late, but fortunately the meeting hadn't started.volume_up

fortune (noun)

UK /ˈfɔːtʃuːn/US /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

nounB2

a large amount of moneyvolume_up

He made a fortune in real estate.volume_up

forty (number)

UK /ˈfɔːti/US /ˈfɔːrti/

forward (adverb)

UK /ˈfɔːwəd/US /ˈfɔːrwərd/

adjectiveB2

directed or moving towards the frontvolume_up

The door opened, blocking his forward movement.volume_up

adverbA2

towards a place or position that is in frontvolume_up

She leaned forward and kissed him on the cheek.volume_up

found (verb)

UK /faʊnd/US /faʊnd/

verbB2

to start something, such as an organization or an institution, especially by providing moneyvolume_up

to found a club/company/schoolvolume_up

four (number)

UK /fɔː(r)/US /fɔːr/

fourteen (number)

UK /ˌfɔːˈtiːn/US /ˌfɔːrˈtiːn/

fourth (ordinal number)

UK /fɔːθ/US /fɔːrθ/

ordinal numberA1

4thvolume_up

Today is the fourth (of May).volume_up

frame (verb)

UK /freɪm/US /freɪm/

nounB1

a strong border or structure of wood, metal, etc. that holds a picture, door, piece of glass, etc. in positionvolume_up

a picture/photo framevolume_up

verbB1

to put or make a frame or border around somethingvolume_up

The photograph had been framed.volume_up

free (verb)

UK /friː/US /friː/

adjectiveA1

without particular plans or arrangements; not busyvolume_up

Are you free on Saturday? We're having a barbecue.volume_up

adverbA2

without paymentvolume_up

Children under five travel free.volume_up

verbB2

to allow somebody to leave prison or somewhere they have been kept against their willvolume_up

The hijackers agreed to free a further ten hostages.volume_up

freedom (noun)

UK /ˈfriːdəm/US /ˈfriːdəm/

nounB2

the power or right to do or say what you want without anyone stopping youvolume_up

to defend/protect academic freedomvolume_up

freeze (verb)

UK /friːz/US /friːz/

verbB1

to become hard, and often turn to ice, as a result of extreme cold; to make something do thisvolume_up

Water freezes at 0°C.volume_up

frequency (noun)

UK /ˈfriːkwənsi/US /ˈfriːkwənsi/

nounB2

the rate at which something happens or is repeatedvolume_up

Fatal road accidents have decreased in frequency over recent years.volume_up

frequently (adverb)

UK /ˈfriːkwəntli/US /ˈfriːkwəntli/

adverbB1

oftenvolume_up

Buses run frequently between the city and the airport.volume_up

fresh (adjective)

UK /freʃ/US /freʃ/

adjectiveA2

recently produced or picked and not frozen, dried or preserved in tins or cansvolume_up

Is this milk fresh?volume_up

friday (noun)

UK /ˈfraɪdeɪ/US /ˈfraɪdeɪ/

nounA1

the day of the week after Thursday and before Saturdayvolume_up

It's Friday today, isn't it?volume_up

fridge (noun)

UK /frɪdʒ/US /frɪdʒ/

nounA2

a piece of electrical equipment in which food is kept cold so that it stays freshvolume_up

The kids tend to raid the fridge when they get home from school.volume_up

friend (noun)

UK /frend/US /frend/

nounA1

a person you know well and like, and who is not usually a member of your familyvolume_up

This is my friend Tom.volume_up

friendly (adjective)

UK /ˈfrendli/US /ˈfrendli/

adjectiveA1

behaving in a kind and pleasant way because you like somebody or want to help themvolume_up

a warm and friendly personvolume_up

friendship (noun)

UK /ˈfrendʃɪp/US /ˈfrendʃɪp/

nounB1

a relationship between friendsvolume_up

They formed a close friendship at college.volume_up

frighten (verb)

UK /ˈfraɪtn/US /ˈfraɪtn/

verbB1

to make somebody suddenly feel afraidvolume_up

I didn't mean to frighten you.volume_up

frightened (adjective)

UK /ˈfraɪtnd/US /ˈfraɪtnd/

adjectiveB1

afraid; feeling fearvolume_up

a frightened childvolume_up

frightening (adjective)

UK /ˈfraɪtnɪŋ/US /ˈfraɪtnɪŋ/

adjectiveB1

making you feel afraidvolume_up

a frightening experience/prospect/thoughtvolume_up

frog (noun)

UK /frɒɡ/US /frɔːɡ/

nounA2

a small animal with smooth skin, that lives both on land and in water (= is an amphibian). Frogs have very long back legs for jumping, and no tail.volume_up

the croaking of frogsvolume_up

from (preposition)

UK /frəm/US /frəm/

prepositionA1

used to show where somebody/something startsvolume_up

She began to walk away from him.volume_up

front (noun)

UK /frʌnt/US /frʌnt/

adjectiveA1

on or at the front of somethingvolume_up

(British English), the front gardenvolume_up

nounA1

the part or side of something that faces forward; the side of something that you look at firstvolume_up

The front of the building was covered with ivy.volume_up

frozen (adjective)

UK /ˈfrəʊzn/US /ˈfrəʊzn/

adjectiveB1

kept at a very low temperature in order to preserve itvolume_up

frozen peas/fish/pizzavolume_up

fruit (noun)

UK /fruːt/US /fruːt/

nounA1

the part of a plant that consists of one or more seeds and a soft inner part, can be eaten as food and usually tastes sweetvolume_up

tropical fruits, such as bananas and pineapplesvolume_up

fry (verb)

UK /fraɪ/US /fraɪ/

verbB1

to cook something in hot fat or oil; to be cooked in hot fat or oilvolume_up

fry (something), fried fishvolume_up

fuel (verb)

UK /ˈfjuːəl/US /ˈfjuːəl/

nounB1

any material that produces heat or power, usually when it is burntvolume_up

diesel/jet/rocket fuelvolume_up

verbB2

to supply something with material that can be burnt to produce heat or powervolume_up

Uranium is used to fuel nuclear plants.volume_up

full (adjective)

UK /fʊl/US /fʊl/

adjectiveA1

containing or holding as much or as many as possible; having no empty spacevolume_up

a full bottle of winevolume_up

fully (adverb)

UK /ˈfʊli/US /ˈfʊli/

adverbB2

completelyvolume_up

I fully understand your motives.volume_up

fun (noun)

UK /fʌn/US /fʌn/

adjectiveA2

that you enjoyvolume_up

She's really fun to be with.volume_up

nounA1

the feeling of enjoying yourself; activities that you enjoyvolume_up

We had a lot of fun at Sarah's party.volume_up

function (verb)

UK /ˈfʌŋkʃn/US /ˈfʌŋkʃn/

nounB1

a special activity or purpose of a person or thingvolume_up

The club serves a useful function as a meeting place.volume_up

verbB2

to work in the correct wayvolume_up

We now have a functioning shower.volume_up

fund (verb)

UK /fʌnd/US /fʌnd/

nounB2

an amount of money that has been saved or has been made available for a particular purposevolume_up

a disaster relief fundvolume_up

verbB2

to provide money for something, usually something officialvolume_up

Who is funding this research?volume_up

fundamental (adjective)

UK /ˌfʌndəˈmentl/US /ˌfʌndəˈmentl/

adjectiveB2

serious and very important; affecting the most central and important parts of somethingvolume_up

the fundamental principles of scientific methodvolume_up

funding (noun)

UK /ˈfʌndɪŋ/US /ˈfʌndɪŋ/

nounB2

money for a particular purpose; the act of providing money for such a purposevolume_up

federal/state fundingvolume_up

funny (adjective)

UK /ˈfʌni/US /ˈfʌni/

adjectiveA1

making you laughvolume_up

a funny story/jokevolume_up

fur (noun)

UK /fɜː(r)/US /fɜːr/

nounB1

the soft thick mass of hair that grows on the body of some animalsvolume_up

The cat carefully licked its fur.volume_up

furniture (noun)

UK /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)/US /ˈfɜːrnɪtʃər/

nounA2

objects that can be moved, such as tables, chairs and beds, that are put into a house or an office to make it suitable for living or working involume_up

garden/office furniturevolume_up

further (adverb)

UK /ˈfɜːðə(r)/US /ˈfɜːrðər/

adjectiveA2

more; additionalvolume_up

Cook for a further 2 minutes.volume_up

adverbB1

at or to a greater distancevolume_up

We had walked a bit further than I had realized.volume_up

furthermore (adverb)

UK /ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː(r)/US /ˌfɜːrðərˈmɔːr/

adverbB2

in addition to what has just been stated. Furthermore is used especially to add a point to an argument.volume_up

He said he had not discussed the matter with her. Furthermore, he had not even contacted her.volume_up

future (noun)

UK /ˈfjuːtʃə(r)/US /ˈfjuːtʃər/

adjectiveA2

taking place or existing at a time after the presentvolume_up

The land will remain untouched for future generations to enjoy.volume_up

nounA1

the time that will come after the present or the events that will happen thenvolume_up

We need to plan for the future.volume_up

gain (verb)

UK /ɡeɪn/US /ɡeɪn/

nounB2

an increase in the amount of something, especially in wealth or weightvolume_up

The opposition made unexpected gains in the last election.volume_up

verbB2

to obtain or win something, especially something that you need or wantvolume_up

They managed to gain access to secret files.volume_up

gallery (noun)

UK /ˈɡæləri/US /ˈɡæləri/

nounA2

a room or building for showing works of art, especially to the publicvolume_up

a picture galleryvolume_up

game (noun)

UK /ɡeɪm/US /ɡeɪm/

nounA1

an activity that you do to have fun, often one that has rules and that you can win or lose; the equipment for a gamevolume_up

The kids were playing a game with their balloons.volume_up

gang (noun)

UK /ɡæŋ/US /ɡæŋ/

nounB2

an organized group of criminalsvolume_up

criminal gangsvolume_up

gap (noun)

UK /ɡæp/US /ɡæp/

nounA2

a space where something is missingvolume_up

Extra funding is needed to plug the gap.volume_up

garage (noun)

UK /ˈɡærɑːʒ/US /ɡəˈrɑːʒ/

nounB1

a building for keeping one or more cars or other vehicles involume_up

a double garage (= one for two cars)volume_up

garden (noun)

UK /ˈɡɑːdn/US /ˈɡɑːrdn/

nounA1

a piece of land next to or around your house where you can grow flowers, fruit, vegetables, etc., usually with a lawn (= an area of grass)volume_up

a front/back/rear gardenvolume_up

gas (noun)

UK /ɡæs/US /ɡæs/

nounA2

any substance like air that is neither a solid nor a liquid, for example hydrogen or oxygenvolume_up

Air is a mixture of gases.volume_up

gate (noun)

UK /ɡeɪt/US /ɡeɪt/

nounA2

a barrier like a door that is used to close an opening in a fence or a wall outside a buildingvolume_up

the front/main gatevolume_up

gather (verb)

UK /ˈɡæðə(r)/US /ˈɡæðər/

verbB1

to come together, or bring people together, in one place to form a groupvolume_up

A crowd soon gathered.volume_up

general (adjective)

UK /ˈdʒenrəl/US /ˈdʒenrəl/

adjectiveA2

affecting all or most people, places or thingsvolume_up

books of general interest (= of interest to most people)volume_up

generally (adverb)

UK /ˈdʒenrəli/US /ˈdʒenrəli/

adverbB1

by or to most peoplevolume_up

The initiative was generally considered a success.volume_up

generate (verb)

UK /ˈdʒenəreɪt/US /ˈdʒenəreɪt/

verbB2

to produce energy, especially electricityvolume_up

The wind turbines are used to generate electricity.volume_up

generation (noun)

UK /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/US /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/

nounB1

all the people who were born at about the same timevolume_up

the younger/older generationvolume_up

generous (adjective)

UK /ˈdʒenərəs/US /ˈdʒenərəs/

adjectiveB1

giving or willing to give freely; given freelyvolume_up

The gallery was named after its most generous benefactor.volume_up

genre (noun)

UK /ˈʒɒ̃rə/US /ˈʒɑːnrə/

nounB2

a particular type or style of literature, art, film or music that you can recognize because of its special featuresvolume_up

literary/musical genresvolume_up

gentle (adjective)

UK /ˈdʒentl/US /ˈdʒentl/

adjectiveB1

calm and kind; doing things in a quiet and careful wayvolume_up

a kind and gentle manvolume_up

gentleman (noun)

UK /ˈdʒentlmən/US /ˈdʒentlmən/

nounB1

a man who is polite and well educated, who has excellent manners and always behaves wellvolume_up

You acted like a true gentleman.volume_up

geography (noun)

UK /dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/US /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/

nounA1

the scientific study of the earth’s surface, physical features, divisions, products, population, etc.volume_up

recent work in economic geographyvolume_up

get (verb)

UK /ɡet/US /ɡet/

verbA1

to receive somethingvolume_up

I got a call from Dave this morning.volume_up

ghost (noun)

UK /ɡəʊst/US /ɡəʊst/

nounB1

the spirit of a dead person that a living person believes they can see or hearvolume_up

Do you believe in ghosts (= believe that they exist)?volume_up

giant (noun)

UK /ˈdʒaɪənt/US /ˈdʒaɪənt/

adjectiveB1

very large; much larger or more important than similar things usually arevolume_up

The match was shown on a giant screen outside the town hall.volume_up

nounB1

(in stories) a very large strong person who is often cruel and stupidvolume_up

tales of giants and ogresvolume_up

gift (noun)

UK /ɡɪft/US /ɡɪft/

nounA2

a thing that you give to somebody, especially on a special occasion or to say thank youvolume_up

to give/receive a giftvolume_up

girl (noun)

UK /ɡɜːl/US /ɡɜːrl/

nounA1

a female childvolume_up

a little girl of sixvolume_up

girlfriend (noun)

UK /ˈɡɜːlfrend/US /ˈɡɜːrlfrend/

nounA1

a girl or a woman that somebody is having a romantic relationship withvolume_up

He’s got a new girlfriend.volume_up

give (verb)

UK /ɡɪv/US /ɡɪv/

verbA1

to hand something to somebody so that they can look at it, use it or keep it for a timevolume_up

Give the letter to your mother when you've read it.volume_up

glad (adjective)

UK /ɡlæd/US /ɡlæd/

adjectiveB1

pleased; happyvolume_up

‘I passed the test!’ ‘I’m so glad.’volume_up

glass (noun)

UK /ɡlɑːs/US /ɡlæs/

nounA1

a hard, usually clear, substance used, for example, for making windows and bottlesvolume_up

a sheet/pane of glassvolume_up

global (adjective)

UK /ˈɡləʊbl/US /ˈɡləʊbl/

adjectiveB1

covering or affecting the whole worldvolume_up

This year the global economy will grow by about 4 per cent.volume_up

glove (noun)

UK /ɡlʌv/US /ɡlʌv/

nounB1

a piece of clothing for the hand, made of wool, leather, etc. with separate parts for each finger and the thumbvolume_up

a pair of glovesvolume_up

go (verb)

UK /ɡəʊ/US /ɡəʊ/

nounB1

a person’s turn to move or play in a game or an activityvolume_up

Whose go is it?volume_up

verbA1

to move or travel from one place to anothervolume_up

She went into her room and shut the door behind her.volume_up

goal (noun)

UK /ɡəʊl/US /ɡəʊl/

nounA2

a frame with a net into which players must kick or hit the ball in order to score a pointvolume_up

He headed the ball into an open goal (= one that had nobody defending it).volume_up

god (noun)

UK /ɡɒd/US /ɡɑːd/

nounA2

the being or spirit that is worshipped and is believed to have created the universevolume_up

Do you believe in God?volume_up

gold (noun)

UK /ɡəʊld/US /ɡəʊld/

adjectiveA2

bright yellow in colour, like goldvolume_up

The company name was spelled out in gold letters.volume_up

nounA2

a chemical element. Gold is a yellow precious metal used for making coins, jewellery, beautiful objects, etc.volume_up

gold coins/jewelleryvolume_up

golf (noun)

UK /ɡɒlf/US /ɡɑːlf/

nounA2

a game played over a large area of ground using sticks with a special shape to hit a small hard ball (a golf ball) into a series of 9 or 18 holes, using as few shots as possiblevolume_up

I play golf every weekend.volume_up

good (noun)

UK /ɡʊd/US /ɡʊd/

adjectiveA1

of high quality or an acceptable standardvolume_up

a good bookvolume_up

nounA2

behaviour that is morally right or acceptablevolume_up

Do they even know the difference between good and evil?volume_up

goodbye (exclamation, noun)

UK /ˌɡʊdˈbaɪ/US /ˌɡʊdˈbaɪ/

exclamationA1

used when you are leaving somebody or when somebody else is leavingvolume_up

Goodbye! It was great to meet you.volume_up

nounA1

used when you are leaving somebody or when somebody else is leavingvolume_up

Goodbye! It was great to meet you.volume_up

goods (noun)

UK /ɡʊdz/US /ɡʊdz/

nounB1

things that are produced to be soldvolume_up

to produce/buy/sell goodsvolume_up

govern (verb)

UK /ˈɡʌvn/US /ˈɡʌvərn/

verbB2

to legally control a country or its people and be responsible for introducing new laws, organizing public services, etc.volume_up

The country is governed by elected representatives of the people.volume_up

government (noun)

UK /ˈɡʌvənmənt/US /ˈɡʌvərnmənt/

nounA2

the group of people who are responsible for controlling a country or a statevolume_up

to lead/form a governmentvolume_up

grab (verb)

UK /ɡræb/US /ɡræb/

verbB2

to take or hold somebody/something with your hand suddenly or roughlyvolume_up

She grabbed his arm as he got up to leave.volume_up

grade (verb)

UK /ɡreɪd/US /ɡreɪd/

nounB1

a mark given in an exam or for a piece of school workvolume_up

She got good grades in her exams.volume_up

verbB2

to give a grade to a student or to a piece of their written workvolume_up

I spent all weekend grading papers.volume_up

gradually (adverb)

UK /ˈɡrædʒuəli/US /ˈɡrædʒuəli/

adverbB2

slowly, over a long period of timevolume_up

to gradually increase/decreasevolume_up

graduate (verb)

UK /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/US /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/

nounB1

a person who has a university degreevolume_up

job prospects for graduatesvolume_up

verbB1

to get a degree, especially your first degree, from a university or collegevolume_up

She taught in France after she graduated.volume_up

grain (noun)

UK /ɡreɪn/US /ɡreɪn/

nounB1

the small hard seeds of food plants such as wheat, rice, etc.; a single seed of such a plantvolume_up

Russia sold 12 million tons of grain abroad last year.volume_up

grand (adjective)

UK /ɡrænd/US /ɡrænd/

adjectiveB2

impressive and large or importantvolume_up

It's not a very grand house.volume_up

grandfather (noun)

UK /ˈɡrænfɑːðə(r)/US /ˈɡrænfɑːðər/

nounA1

the father of your father or mothervolume_up

The firm had been founded by his grandfather.volume_up

grandmother (noun)

UK /ˈɡrænmʌðə(r)/US /ˈɡrænmʌðər/

nounA1

the mother of your father or mothervolume_up

I always loved going to visit my grandmother.volume_up

grandparent (noun)

UK /ˈɡrænpeərənt/US /ˈɡrænperənt/

nounA1

the father or mother of your father or mothervolume_up

The children are staying with their grandparents.volume_up

grant (verb)

UK /ɡrɑːnt/US /ɡrænt/

nounB2

a sum of money that is given by the government or by another organization to be used for a particular purposevolume_up

government/federal grantsvolume_up

verbB2

to agree to give somebody what they ask for, especially formal or legal permission to do somethingvolume_up

My request was granted.volume_up

grass (noun)

UK /ɡrɑːs/US /ɡræs/

nounA2

a common wild plant with narrow green leaves and stems that are eaten by cows, horses, sheep, etc.volume_up

a blade of grassvolume_up

grateful (adjective)

UK /ˈɡreɪtfl/US /ˈɡreɪtfl/

adjectiveB1

feeling or showing thanks because somebody has done something kind for you or has done as you askedvolume_up

Thank you for doing this. I really am so grateful.volume_up

great (adjective)

UK /ɡreɪt/US /ɡreɪt/

adjectiveA1

very good or pleasantvolume_up

He's a great bloke.volume_up

green (noun)

UK /ɡriːn/US /ɡriːn/

adjectiveA1

having the colour of grass or the leaves of most plants and treesvolume_up

green grass/leaves/vegetablesvolume_up

nounA1

the colour of grass and the leaves of most plants and treesvolume_up

light/pale greenvolume_up

greet (verb)

UK /ɡriːt/US /ɡriːt/

verbA2

to say hello to somebody or to welcome themvolume_up

He greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived.volume_up

grey (noun)

UK /ɡreɪ/US /ɡreɪ/

adjectiveA1

having the colour of smoke or ashesvolume_up

grey eyes/hairvolume_up

nounA1

the colour of smoke or ashesvolume_up

the dull grey of the skyvolume_up

ground (noun)

UK /ɡraʊnd/US /ɡraʊnd/

nounA2

the solid surface of the earthvolume_up

I found her lying on the ground.volume_up

group (noun)

UK /ɡruːp/US /ɡruːp/

nounA1

a number of people or things that are together in the same place or that are connected in some wayvolume_up

a group of people/students/friendsvolume_up

grow (verb)

UK /ɡrəʊ/US /ɡrəʊ/

verbA1

to increase in size, number, strength or qualityvolume_up

The sector is growing at a phenomenal rate.volume_up

growth (noun)

UK /ɡrəʊθ/US /ɡrəʊθ/

nounB1

the process in people, animals or plants of growing physically, mentally or emotionallyvolume_up

Lack of water will stunt the plant's growth.volume_up

guarantee (verb)

UK /ˌɡærənˈtiː/US /ˌɡærənˈtiː/

nounB2

a formal promise that you will do something or that something will happenvolume_up

They are demanding certain guarantees before they sign the treaty.volume_up

verbB2

to promise to do something; to promise something will happenvolume_up

Basic human rights, including freedom of speech, are now guaranteed.volume_up

guard (verb)

UK /ɡɑːd/US /ɡɑːrd/

nounB1

a person, such as a soldier, a police officer or a prison officer, who protects a place or people, or prevents prisoners from escapingvolume_up

prison/border guardsvolume_up

verbB1

to protect property, places or people from attack or dangervolume_up

Armed officers guarded the entrance.volume_up

guess (verb)

UK /ɡes/US /ɡes/

nounA1

an attempt to give an answer or an opinion when you cannot be certain if you are rightvolume_up

(British English), to have/make a guessvolume_up

verbA1

to try and give an answer or make a judgement about something without being sure of all the factsvolume_up

I don't really know. I'm just guessing.volume_up

guest (noun)

UK /ɡest/US /ɡest/

nounA2

a person that you have invited to your house or to a particular event that you are paying forvolume_up

They only use the dining room when they have guests.volume_up

guide (verb)

UK /ɡaɪd/US /ɡaɪd/

nounA2

a person who shows other people the way to a place, especially somebody employed to show tourists around interesting placesvolume_up

Our tour guide showed us around the old town.volume_up

verbA2

to show somebody the way to a place, often by going with them; to show somebody a place that you know wellvolume_up

It's a dangerous route—you'll need someone to guide you.volume_up

guilty (adjective)

UK /ˈɡɪlti/US /ˈɡɪlti/

adjectiveB1

feeling ashamed because you have done something that you know is wrong or have not done something that you should have donevolume_up

Matt and Chrissy both looked equally guilty.volume_up

guitar (noun)

UK /ɡɪˈtɑː(r)/US /ɡɪˈtɑːr/

nounA1

a musical instrument that usually has six strings and that you play with your fingers or with a plectrumvolume_up

an acoustic/electric guitarvolume_up

gun (noun)

UK /ɡʌn/US /ɡʌn/

nounA2

a weapon that is used for firing bullets or shellsvolume_up

I have never fired a gun in my life.volume_up

guy (noun)

UK /ɡaɪ/US /ɡaɪ/

nounA2

a manvolume_up

a big/little guyvolume_up

gym (noun)

UK /dʒɪm/US /dʒɪm/

nounA1

a room or hall with equipment for doing physical exercise, for example in a schoolvolume_up

The school has recently built a new gym.volume_up

habit (noun)

UK /ˈhæbɪt/US /ˈhæbɪt/

nounA2

a thing that you do often and almost without thinking, especially something that is hard to stop doingvolume_up

You need to change your eating habits.volume_up

hair (noun)

UK /heə(r)/US /her/

nounA1

the substance that looks like a mass of fine threads growing on a person's headvolume_up

She has long dark hair.volume_up

half (determiner, pronoun)

UK /hɑːf/US /hæf/

adverbA2

to the extent of halfvolume_up

The glass was half full.volume_up

determinerA1

an amount equal to half of something/somebodyvolume_up

I'll see you in half an hour.volume_up

nounA1

either of two equal parts into which something is or can be dividedvolume_up

two and a half kilos (= 2½)volume_up

pronounA1

an amount equal to half of something/somebodyvolume_up

I'll see you in half an hour.volume_up

hall (noun)

UK /hɔːl/US /hɔːl/

nounA2

a space or passage inside the entrance or front door of a buildingvolume_up

Her brother was standing in the front hall.volume_up

hand (verb)

UK /hænd/US /hænd/

nounA1

the part of the body at the end of the arm, including the fingers and thumbvolume_up

Ian placed a hand on her shoulder.volume_up

verbB1

to pass or give something to somebodyvolume_up

She handed the letter to me.volume_up

handle (verb)

UK /ˈhændl/US /ˈhændl/

nounB2

the part of a door, window, etc. that you use to open itvolume_up

She turned the handle and opened the door.volume_up

verbB2

to deal with a situation, a person, an area of work or a strong emotionvolume_up

A new man was appointed to handle the crisis.volume_up

hang (verb)

UK /hæŋ/US /hæŋ/

verbB1

to attach something, or to be attached, at the top so that the lower part is free or loosevolume_up

Hang your coat on the hook.volume_up

happen (verb)

UK /ˈhæpən/US /ˈhæpən/

verbA1

to take place, especially without being plannedvolume_up

You'll never guess what's happened!volume_up

happily (adverb)

UK /ˈhæpɪli/US /ˈhæpɪli/

adverbA2

in a cheerful way; with feelings of pleasurevolume_up

children playing happily on the beachvolume_up

happiness (noun)

UK /ˈhæpinəs/US /ˈhæpinəs/

nounB1

the state of feeling or showing pleasurevolume_up

to find true happinessvolume_up

happy (adjective)

UK /ˈhæpi/US /ˈhæpi/

adjectiveA1

feeling or showing pleasure; pleasedvolume_up

a happy familyvolume_up

hard (adverb)

UK /hɑːd/US /hɑːrd/

adjectiveA1

difficult to do, understand or answervolume_up

a hard choice/decision/questionvolume_up

adverbA1

with great effort; with difficultyvolume_up

to work hardvolume_up

hardly (adverb)

UK /ˈhɑːdli/US /ˈhɑːrdli/

adverbB1

almost no; almost not; almost nonevolume_up

There's hardly any tea left.volume_up

harm (verb)

UK /hɑːm/US /hɑːrm/

nounB2

damage or injury that is caused by a person or an eventvolume_up

He would never frighten anyone or cause them any harm.volume_up

verbB2

to hurt or injure somebody or to damage somethingvolume_up

He would never harm anyone.volume_up

harmful (adjective)

UK /ˈhɑːmfl/US /ˈhɑːrmfl/

adjectiveB2

causing damage or injury to somebody/something, especially to a person’s health or to the environmentvolume_up

the harmful effects of alcoholvolume_up

hat (noun)

UK /hæt/US /hæt/

nounA1

a piece of clothing made to fit the head, often with a brim (= a flat edge that sticks out), usually worn out of doorsvolume_up

a straw/woolly hatvolume_up

hate (verb)

UK /heɪt/US /heɪt/

nounB1

a very strong feeling of dislike for somebodyvolume_up

She gave him a look of real hate.volume_up

verbA1

to dislike somebody/something very muchvolume_up

The two boys hated each other.volume_up

have (auxiliary verb)

UK /həv/US /həv/

verbA1

to own, hold or possess somethingvolume_up

He had a new car and a boat.volume_up

auxiliary verbA2

used with the past participle to form perfect tensesvolume_up

I've finished my work.volume_up

have to (modal verb)

UK /ˈhæv tə/US /ˈhæv tə/

modal verbA1

used to show that you must do somethingvolume_up

I've got to go.volume_up

he (pronoun)

UK /hi/US /hi/

pronounA1

a male person or animal that has already been mentioned or is easily identifiedvolume_up

Everyone liked my father—he was the perfect gentleman.volume_up

head (verb)

UK /hed/US /hed/

nounA1

the part of the body on top of the neck containing the eyes, nose, mouth and brainvolume_up

She nodded her head in agreement.volume_up

verbB1

to move in a particular directionvolume_up

Where are we heading?volume_up

headache (noun)

UK /ˈhedeɪk/US /ˈhedeɪk/

nounA2

a continuous pain in the headvolume_up

He had a terrible headache.volume_up

headline (noun)

UK /ˈhedlaɪn/US /ˈhedlaɪn/

nounB1

the title of a news article printed in large letters, especially at the top of the front page on a newspaper or the home page on a news websitevolume_up

a newspaper headlinevolume_up

health (noun)

UK /helθ/US /helθ/

nounA1

the condition of a person’s body or mindvolume_up

to be good/bad for your healthvolume_up

healthy (adjective)

UK /ˈhelθi/US /ˈhelθi/

adjectiveA1

having good health and not likely to become illvolume_up

a healthy child/baby/adultvolume_up

hear (verb)

UK /hɪə(r)/US /hɪr/

verbA1

to be aware of sounds with your earsvolume_up

I can't hear very well.volume_up

hearing (noun)

UK /ˈhɪərɪŋ/US /ˈhɪrɪŋ/

nounB2

the ability to hearvolume_up

Her hearing is poor.volume_up

heart (noun)

UK /hɑːt/US /hɑːrt/

nounA2

the organ in the chest that sends blood around the body, usually on the left in humansvolume_up

The patient's heart stopped beating for a few seconds.volume_up

heat (verb)

UK /hiːt/US /hiːt/

nounA2

the quality of being hotvolume_up

Heat rises.volume_up

verbA2

to make something hot or warm; to become hot or warmvolume_up

Heat the oil and add the onions.volume_up

heating (noun)

UK /ˈhiːtɪŋ/US /ˈhiːtɪŋ/

nounB1

the process of supplying heat to a room or building; a system used to do thisvolume_up

to put/turn the heating onvolume_up

heaven (noun)

UK /ˈhevn/US /ˈhevn/

nounB2

the place believed to be the home of God where good people go when they die, sometimes imagined to be in the skyvolume_up

the kingdom of heavenvolume_up

heavily (adverb)

UK /ˈhevɪli/US /ˈhevɪli/

adverbB1

to a great degree; in large amountsvolume_up

It was raining heavily.volume_up

heavy (adjective)

UK /ˈhevi/US /ˈhevi/

adjectiveA2

weighing a lot; difficult to lift or movevolume_up

a heavy weight/loadvolume_up

heel (noun)

UK /hiːl/US /hiːl/

nounB2

the back part of the foot below the anklevolume_up

Apply the cream to dry, cracked heels before bed.volume_up

height (noun)

UK /haɪt/US /haɪt/

nounA2

the measurement of how tall a person or thing isvolume_up

Height: 210 mm. Width: 57 mm. Length: 170 mm.volume_up

helicopter (noun)

UK /ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)/US /ˈhelɪkɑːptər/

nounB1

an aircraft without wings that has large blades (= long flat parts) on top that go round. It can fly straight up from the ground and can also stay in one position in the air.volume_up

a police/rescue helicoptervolume_up

hell (noun)

UK /hel/US /hel/

nounB2

the place believed to be the home of devils and where bad people go after deathvolume_up

He was terrified of going to hell when he died.volume_up

hello (exclamation, noun)

UK /həˈləʊ/US /həˈləʊ/

exclamationA1

used as a greeting when you meet somebody, in an email, when you answer the phone or when you want to attract somebody’s attentionvolume_up

Hello John, how are you?volume_up

nounA1

used as a greeting when you meet somebody, in an email, when you answer the phone or when you want to attract somebody’s attentionvolume_up

Hello John, how are you?volume_up

help (verb)

UK /help/US /help/

nounA1

the act of helping somebody to do somethingvolume_up

Thank you for all your help.volume_up

verbA1

to make it easier or possible for somebody to do something by doing something for them or by giving them something that they needvolume_up

What can I do to help?volume_up

helpful (adjective)

UK /ˈhelpfl/US /ˈhelpfl/

adjectiveA2

able to improve a particular situationvolume_up

helpful advice/informationvolume_up

her (pronoun)

UK /hə(r)/US /hər/

determinerA1

of or belonging to a woman or girl who has already been mentioned or is easily identifiedvolume_up

Meg loves her job.volume_up

pronounA1

used as the object of a verb, after the verb be or after a preposition to refer to a woman or girl who has already been mentioned or is easily identifiedvolume_up

We're going to call her Sophie.volume_up

here (adverb)

UK /hɪə(r)/US /hɪr/

adverbA1

used after a verb or preposition to mean ‘in, at or to this position or place’volume_up

I live here.volume_up

hero (noun)

UK /ˈhɪərəʊ/US /ˈhɪrəʊ/

nounA2

a person who is admired by many people for doing something brave or goodvolume_up

a war hero (= somebody who was very brave during a war)volume_up

hers (pronoun)

UK /hɜːz/US /hɜːrz/

pronounA2

of or belonging to hervolume_up

His eyes met hers.volume_up

herself (pronoun)

UK /hɜːˈself/US /hɜːrˈself/

pronounA2

used when the woman or girl who performs an action is also affected by itvolume_up

She hurt herself.volume_up

hesitate (verb)

UK /ˈhezɪteɪt/US /ˈhezɪteɪt/

verbB2

to be slow to speak or act because you feel uncertain or nervousvolume_up

She hesitated before replying.volume_up

hey (exclamation)

UK /heɪ/US /heɪ/

exclamationA1

used to attract somebody’s attention or to express interest, surprise or angervolume_up

Hey, can I just ask you something?volume_up

hi (exclamation)

UK /haɪ/US /haɪ/

exclamationA1

used to say hellovolume_up

Hi guys!volume_up

hide (verb)

UK /haɪd/US /haɪd/

verbA2

to put or keep somebody/something in a place where they/it cannot be seen or foundvolume_up

He hid the letter in a drawer.volume_up

high (noun)

UK /haɪ/US /haɪ/

adjectiveA1

measuring a long distance from the bottom to the topvolume_up

What's the highest mountain in the US?volume_up

adverbA2

at or to a position or level that is a long way up from the ground or from the bottomvolume_up

to climb/jump/leap highvolume_up

nounB2

the highest level or numbervolume_up

to hit/reach a highvolume_up

highlight (verb)

UK /ˈhaɪlaɪt/US /ˈhaɪlaɪt/

nounB1

the best, most interesting or most exciting part of somethingvolume_up

One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.volume_up

verbB1

to emphasize something, especially so that people give it more attentionvolume_up

The report highlighted the importance of exercise to maintain a healthy body.volume_up

highly (adverb)

UK /ˈhaɪli/US /ˈhaɪli/

adverbB1

veryvolume_up

It is highly unlikely that she'll be late.volume_up

hill (noun)

UK /hɪl/US /hɪl/

nounA2

an area of land that is higher than the land around it, but not as high as a mountainvolume_up

a region of gently rolling hillsvolume_up

him (pronoun)

UK /hɪm/US /hɪm/

pronounA1

used as the object of a verb, after the verb be or after a preposition to refer to a male person or animal that has already been mentioned or is easily identifiedvolume_up

When did you see him?volume_up

himself (pronoun)

UK /hɪmˈself/US /hɪmˈself/

pronounA2

used when the man or boy who performs an action is also affected by itvolume_up

He introduced himself.volume_up

hire (verb)

UK /ˈhaɪə(r)/US /ˈhaɪər/

nounB2

the act of paying to use something for a short timevolume_up

a hire carvolume_up

verbB1

to give somebody a jobvolume_up

She was hired three years ago.volume_up

his (pronoun)

UK /hɪz/US /hɪz/

determinerA1

of or belonging to a man or boy who has already been mentioned or is easily identifiedvolume_up

James has sold his car.volume_up

pronounA2

of or belonging to himvolume_up

He took my hand in his.volume_up

historic (adjective)

UK /hɪˈstɒrɪk/US /hɪˈstɔːrɪk/

adjectiveB1

important in history; likely to be thought of as important at some time in the futurevolume_up

the restoration of historic buildingsvolume_up

historical (adjective)

UK /hɪˈstɒrɪkl/US /hɪˈstɔːrɪkl/

adjectiveB1

connected with the pastvolume_up

You must place these events in their historical context.volume_up

history (noun)

UK /ˈhɪstri/US /ˈhɪstri/

nounA1

all the events that happened in the pastvolume_up

The battle was a turning point in human history.volume_up

hit (verb)

UK /hɪt/US /hɪt/

nounA2

an act of hitting somebody/something with your hand or with an object held in your handvolume_up

Give it a good hit.volume_up

verbA2

to bring your hand, or an object you are holding, against somebody/something quickly and with forcevolume_up

I was afraid he was going to hit me.volume_up

hobby (noun)

UK /ˈhɒbi/US /ˈhɑːbi/

nounA1

an activity that you do for pleasure when you are not workingvolume_up

Do you have any hobbies?volume_up

hockey (noun)

UK /ˈhɒki/US /ˈhɑːki/

nounA2

a game played on a field by two teams of 11 players, with curved sticks and a small hard ball. Teams try to hit the ball into the other team’s goal.volume_up

to play hockeyvolume_up

hold (verb)

UK /həʊld/US /həʊld/

nounB2

the action of holding somebody/something; the way you are holding somebody/somethingvolume_up

His hold on her arm tightened.volume_up

verbA2

to have somebody/something in your hand, arms, etc.volume_up

She was holding a large box.volume_up

hole (noun)

UK /həʊl/US /həʊl/

nounA2

a hollow space in something solid or in the surface of somethingvolume_up

He dug a deep hole in the garden.volume_up

holiday (noun)

UK /ˈhɒlədeɪ/US /ˈhɑːlədeɪ/

nounA1

a period of time when you are not at work or schoolvolume_up

the school/summer/Christmas holidaysvolume_up

hollow (adjective)

UK /ˈhɒləʊ/US /ˈhɑːləʊ/

adjectiveB2

having a hole or empty space insidevolume_up

a hollow ball/centre/tube/treevolume_up

holy (adjective)

UK /ˈhəʊli/US /ˈhəʊli/

adjectiveB2

connected with God or a particular religionvolume_up

the Holy Biblevolume_up

home (noun)

UK /həʊm/US /həʊm/

adjectiveA2

connected with the place where you livevolume_up

home life (= with your family)volume_up

adverbA1

to or at the place where you livevolume_up

Come on, it's time to go home.volume_up

nounA1

the house or flat that you live in, especially with your familyvolume_up

Old people prefer to stay in their own homes.volume_up

homework (noun)

UK /ˈhəʊmwɜːk/US /ˈhəʊmwɜːrk/

nounA1

work that is given by teachers for students to do at homevolume_up

I always do my homework on the bus.volume_up

honest (adjective)

UK /ˈɒnɪst/US /ˈɑːnɪst/

adjectiveB1

always telling the truth, and never stealing or cheatingvolume_up

an honest man/womanvolume_up

honour (verb)

UK /ˈɒnə(r)/US /ˈɑːnər/

nounB2

great respect for somebodyvolume_up

the guest of honour (= the most important one)volume_up

verbB2

to do something that shows great respect for somebody/somethingvolume_up

our honoured guestsvolume_up

hope (verb)

UK /həʊp/US /həʊp/

nounA2

a feeling of wanting and expecting a particular thing to happen; something that you wish forvolume_up

Don't lose hope—we'll find her.volume_up

verbA1

to want something to happen and think that it is possiblevolume_up

All we can do now is wait and hope.volume_up

horrible (adjective)

UK /ˈhɒrəbl/US /ˈhɔːrəbl/

adjectiveB1

very bad or unpleasant; used to describe something that you do not likevolume_up

What horrible weather!volume_up

horror (noun)

UK /ˈhɒrə(r)/US /ˈhɔːrər/

nounB1

a feeling of great shock or fearvolume_up

The thought of being left alone filled her with horror.volume_up

horse (noun)

UK /hɔːs/US /hɔːrs/

nounA1

a large animal with four legs, a mane (= long thick hair on its neck) and a tail. Horses are used for riding on, pulling carriages, etc.volume_up

to ride a horsevolume_up

hospital (noun)

UK /ˈhɒspɪtl/US /ˈhɑːspɪtl/

nounA1

a large building where people who are ill or injured are given medical treatment and carevolume_up

He had to go to/into hospital for treatment.volume_up

host (verb)

UK /həʊst/US /həʊst/

nounB1

a person who invites guests to a meal, a party, etc. or who has people staying at their housevolume_up

Ian, our host, introduced us to the other guests.volume_up

verbB2

to organize an event to which others are invited and make all the arrangements for themvolume_up

to host an event/a conference/a meetingvolume_up

hot (adjective)

UK /hɒt/US /hɑːt/

adjectiveA1

having a high temperature; producing heatvolume_up

It's hot today, isn't it?volume_up

hotel (noun)

UK /həʊˈtel/US /həʊˈtel/

nounA1

a building where people stay, usually for a short time, paying for their rooms and mealsvolume_up

a two-star/five-star, etc. hotelvolume_up

hour (noun)

UK /ˈaʊə(r)/US /ˈaʊər/

nounA1

60 minutes; one of the 24 parts that a day is divided intovolume_up

I spent an hour on the phone.volume_up

house (verb)

UK /haʊz/US /haʊz/

nounA1

a building for people to live in, usually for one familyvolume_up

We live in a two-bedroom house.volume_up

verbB2

to provide a place for a person or an animal to livevolume_up

The government is committed to housing the refugees.volume_up

household (noun)

UK /ˈhaʊshəʊld/US /ˈhaʊshəʊld/

nounB2

all the people living together in a house or flatvolume_up

Most households now own at least one car.volume_up

housing (noun)

UK /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/US /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/

nounB2

houses, flats, etc. that people live in, especially when referring to their type, price or conditionvolume_up

rental/student housingvolume_up

how (adverb)

UK /haʊ/US /haʊ/

adverbA1

in what way or mannervolume_up

How does it work?volume_up

however (adverb)

UK /haʊˈevə(r)/US /haʊˈevər/

adverbA1

used to introduce a statement that contrasts with something that has just been saidvolume_up

He was feeling bad. He went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.volume_up

huge (adjective)

UK /hjuːdʒ/US /hjuːdʒ/

adjectiveA2

extremely large in size or amount; great in degreevolume_up

The sums of money involved are potentially huge.volume_up

human (noun)

UK /ˈhjuːmən/US /ˈhjuːmən/

adjectiveA2

of or connected with people rather than animals, machines or godsvolume_up

the human body/brainvolume_up

nounA2

a person rather than an animal or a machinevolume_up

Dogs can hear much better than humans.volume_up

humorous (adjective)

UK /ˈhjuːmərəs/US /ˈhjuːmərəs/

adjectiveB2

funny; showing a sense of humourvolume_up

He gave a humorous account of their trip to Spain.volume_up

humour (noun)

UK /ˈhjuːmə(r)/US /ˈhjuːmər/

nounB2

the quality in something that makes it funny; the ability to laugh at things that are funnyvolume_up

It was a story full of gentle humour.volume_up

hundred (number)

UK /ˈhʌndrəd/US /ˈhʌndrəd/

numberA1

100volume_up

One hundred (of the children) have already been placed with foster families.volume_up

hungry (adjective)

UK /ˈhʌŋɡri/US /ˈhʌŋɡri/

adjectiveA1

feeling that you want to eat somethingvolume_up

I'm really hungry.volume_up

hunt (verb)

UK /hʌnt/US /hʌnt/

nounB2

an act of looking for somebody/something that is difficult to findvolume_up

The hunt is on for a suitable candidate.volume_up

verbB1

to go after wild animals in order to catch or kill them for food, sport or to make moneyvolume_up

Lions sometimes hunt alone.volume_up

hunting (noun)

UK /ˈhʌntɪŋ/US /ˈhʌntɪŋ/

nounB2

going after and killing wild animals as a sport or for foodvolume_up

He goes hunting every weekend.volume_up

hurricane (noun)

UK /ˈhʌrɪkən/US /ˈhɜːrəkeɪn/

nounB1

a violent storm with very strong winds, especially in the western Atlantic Oceanvolume_up

A powerful hurricane hit the Florida coast.volume_up

hurry (verb)

UK /ˈhʌri/US /ˈhɜːri/

nounB1

the need or wish to get something done quicklyvolume_up

Take your time—there's no hurry.volume_up

verbB1

to move or act quickly because there is not much timevolume_up

You'll have to hurry if you want to catch that train.volume_up

hurt (verb)

UK /hɜːt/US /hɜːrt/

adjectiveA2

injured physicallyvolume_up

None of the passengers were badly hurt.volume_up

nounB2

a feeling of unhappiness because somebody has been unkind or unfair to youvolume_up

There was hurt and real anger in her voice.volume_up

verbA2

to cause physical pain to somebody/yourself; to injure somebody/yourselfvolume_up

He hurt his back playing squash.volume_up

husband (noun)

UK /ˈhʌzbənd/US /ˈhʌzbənd/

nounA1

the man that somebody is married to; a married manvolume_up

This is my husband, Steve.volume_up

i (pronoun)

UK /aɪ/US /aɪ/

pronounA1

used as the subject of a verb when the speaker or writer is referring to himself/herselfvolume_up

I think I'd better go now.volume_up

ice (noun)

UK /aɪs/US /aɪs/

nounA1

water that has frozen and become solidvolume_up

There was ice on the windows.volume_up

ice cream (noun)

UK /ˈaɪs kriːm/US /ˈaɪs kriːm/

nounA1

a type of sweet frozen food made from milk fat, tasting of fruit, chocolate, etc. and often eaten as a dessert; a small amount of this food intended for one person, often served in a container made of biscuit that is like a cone in shapevolume_up

Desserts are served with cream or ice cream.volume_up

idea (noun)

UK /aɪˈdɪə/US /aɪˈdiːə/

nounA1

a plan, thought or suggestion, especially about what to do in a particular situationvolume_up

It would be a good idea to call before we leave.volume_up

ideal (noun)

UK /aɪˈdiːəl/US /aɪˈdiːəl/

adjectiveA2

perfect; most suitablevolume_up

an ideal location/placevolume_up

nounB2

an idea or standard that seems perfect, and worth trying to achieve or obtainvolume_up

He was accused of betraying his political ideals.volume_up

identify (verb)

UK /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/US /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/

verbA2

to recognize somebody/something and be able to say who or what they arevolume_up

She was able to identify her attacker.volume_up

identity (noun)

UK /aɪˈdentəti/US /aɪˈdentəti/

nounB1

who or what somebody/something isvolume_up

The police are trying to discover the identity of the killer.volume_up

if (conjunction)

UK /ɪf/US /ɪf/

conjunctionA1

used to say that one thing can, will or might happen or be true, depending on another thing happening or being truevolume_up

If you see him, give him this note.volume_up

ignore (verb)

UK /ɪɡˈnɔː(r)/US /ɪɡˈnɔːr/

verbB1

to pay no attention to somethingvolume_up

He ignored all the ‘No Smoking’ signs and lit up a cigarette.volume_up

ill (adjective)

UK /ɪl/US /ɪl/

adjectiveA2

suffering from an illness or disease; not feeling wellvolume_up

Her father is seriously ill in St Luke's hospital.volume_up

illegal (adjective)

UK /ɪˈliːɡl/US /ɪˈliːɡl/

adjectiveB1

not allowed by the lawvolume_up

illegal drugs/firearms/substancesvolume_up

illness (noun)

UK /ˈɪlnəs/US /ˈɪlnəs/

nounA2

the state of being physically or mentally illvolume_up

The virus can cause illness in humans.volume_up

illustrate (verb)

UK /ˈɪləstreɪt/US /ˈɪləstreɪt/

verbB2

to use pictures, photographs, diagrams, etc. in a book, etc.volume_up

She illustrated her own books.volume_up

illustration (noun)

UK /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn/US /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃn/

nounB2

a drawing or picture in a book, magazine, for decoration or to explain somethingvolume_up

50 full-colour illustrationsvolume_up

image (noun)

UK /ˈɪmɪdʒ/US /ˈɪmɪdʒ/

nounA2

a picture, photograph or statue that represents somebody/somethingvolume_up

Most simple leaflets will include text and images.volume_up

imaginary (adjective)

UK /ɪˈmædʒɪnəri/US /ɪˈmædʒɪneri/

adjectiveB1

existing only in your mind or imaginationvolume_up

The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the earth.volume_up

imagination (noun)

UK /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/US /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn/

nounB2

the ability to create pictures in your mind; the part of your mind that does thisvolume_up

a vivid/fertile imaginationvolume_up

imagine (verb)

UK /ɪˈmædʒɪn/US /ɪˈmædʒɪn/

verbA1

to form a picture in your mind of what something might be likevolume_up

The house was just as she had imagined it.volume_up

immediate (adjective)

UK /ɪˈmiːdiət/US /ɪˈmiːdiət/

adjectiveB1

happening or done without delayvolume_up

an immediate reaction/responsevolume_up

immediately (adverb)

UK /ɪˈmiːdiətli/US /ɪˈmiːdiətli/

adverbA2

without delayvolume_up

She answered almost immediately.volume_up

immigrant (noun)

UK /ˈɪmɪɡrənt/US /ˈɪmɪɡrənt/

nounB1

a person who has come to live permanently in a different country from the one they were born involume_up

immigrant from…, immigrants from other European countriesvolume_up

impact (verb)

UK /ɪmˈpækt/US /ɪmˈpækt/

nounB1

the powerful effect that something has on somebody/somethingvolume_up

a positive/a negative/an adverse impactvolume_up

verbB1

to have an effect on somebody/somethingvolume_up

Her father's death impacted greatly on her childhood years.volume_up

impatient (adjective)

UK /ɪmˈpeɪʃnt/US /ɪmˈpeɪʃnt/

adjectiveB2

annoyed by somebody/something, especially because you have to wait for a long timevolume_up

I'd been waiting for twenty minutes and I was getting impatient.volume_up

imply (verb)

UK /ɪmˈplaɪ/US /ɪmˈplaɪ/

verbB2

to suggest that something is true or that you feel or think something, without saying so directlyvolume_up

Are you implying (that) I am wrong?volume_up

import (verb)

UK /ɪmˈpɔːt/US /ɪmˈpɔːrt/

nounB1

a product or service that is brought into one country from anothervolume_up

import from…, food imports from abroadvolume_up

verbB1

to bring a product, a service, an idea, etc. into one country from anothervolume_up

The country has to import most of its raw materials.volume_up

importance (noun)

UK /ɪmˈpɔːtns/US /ɪmˈpɔːrtns/

nounB1

the quality of being importantvolume_up

She stressed the importance of careful preparation.volume_up

important (adjective)

UK /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/US /ɪmˈpɔːrtnt/

adjectiveA1

having a great effect on people or things; of great valuevolume_up

an important issue/question/point/factorvolume_up

impose (verb)

UK /ɪmˈpəʊz/US /ɪmˈpəʊz/

verbB2

to introduce a new law, rule, tax, etc.; to order that a rule, punishment, etc. be usedvolume_up

The UN Security Council imposed sanctions in 1992.volume_up

impossible (adjective)

UK /ɪmˈpɒsəbl/US /ɪmˈpɑːsəbl/

adjectiveA2

that cannot exist or be done; not possiblevolume_up

almost/virtually/nearly impossiblevolume_up

impress (verb)

UK /ɪmˈpres/US /ɪmˈpres/

verbB2

if a person or thing impresses you, you admire them or itvolume_up

We interviewed a number of candidates but none of them impressed us.volume_up

impressed (adjective)

UK /ɪmˈprest/US /ɪmˈprest/

adjectiveB2

admiring somebody/something because you think they are particularly good, interesting, etc.volume_up

I must admit I am impressed.volume_up

impression (noun)

UK /ɪmˈpreʃn/US /ɪmˈpreʃn/

nounB1

an idea, a feeling or an opinion that you get about somebody/something, or that somebody/something gives youvolume_up

My first impression of him was favourable.volume_up

impressive (adjective)

UK /ɪmˈpresɪv/US /ɪmˈpresɪv/

adjectiveB1

making you admire them, because they are very large, good, skilful, etc.volume_up

an impressive performancevolume_up

improve (verb)

UK /ɪmˈpruːv/US /ɪmˈpruːv/

verbA1

to become better than before; to make something/somebody better than beforevolume_up

Overall the situation has improved dramatically.volume_up

improvement (noun)

UK /ɪmˈpruːvmənt/US /ɪmˈpruːvmənt/

nounB1

the act of making something better; the process of something becoming bettervolume_up

The economy has shown significant improvement over the past 9 months.volume_up

in (preposition)

UK /ɪn/US /ɪn/

adverbA1

into an object, an area or a substancevolume_up

She opened the door and went in.volume_up

prepositionA1

at a point within an area or a spacevolume_up

a country in Africavolume_up

inch (noun)

UK /ɪntʃ/US /ɪntʃ/

nounB2

a unit for measuring length or height, equal to 2.54 centimetres. There are 12 inches in a foot.volume_up

She's a few inches taller than me.volume_up

incident (noun)

UK /ˈɪnsɪdənt/US /ˈɪnsɪdənt/

nounB2

something that happens, especially something unusual or unpleasantvolume_up

His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident.volume_up

include (verb)

UK /ɪnˈkluːd/US /ɪnˈkluːd/

verbA1

if one thing includes another, it has the second thing as one of its partsvolume_up

The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.volume_up

included (adjective)

UK /ɪnˈkluːdɪd/US /ɪnˈkluːdɪd/

adjectiveA2

contained as part of somethingvolume_up

all of Europe (Britain included)volume_up

including (preposition)

UK /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/US /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

prepositionA2

having something as part of a group or setvolume_up

I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day.volume_up

income (noun)

UK /ˈɪnkʌm/US /ˈɪnkʌm/

nounB2

the money that a person, a region, a country, etc. earns from work, from investing money, from business, etc.volume_up

Average household income fell slightly.volume_up

increase (verb)

UK /ɪnˈkriːs/US /ɪnˈkriːs/

nounA2

a rise in the amount, number or value of somethingvolume_up

price/tax/wage increasesvolume_up

verbA2

to become greater in amount, number, value, etc.; to make something greater in amount, number, value, etc.volume_up

Costs have increased significantly.volume_up

increasingly (adverb)

UK /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/US /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/

adverbB2

more and more all the timevolume_up

Tourism is playing an increasingly important role in the region's economyvolume_up

incredible (adjective)

UK /ɪnˈkredəbl/US /ɪnˈkredəbl/

adjectiveA2

impossible or very difficult to believevolume_up

an incredible storyvolume_up

incredibly (adverb)

UK /ɪnˈkredəbli/US /ɪnˈkredəbli/

adverbB1

extremelyvolume_up

It was all incredibly difficult.volume_up

indeed (adverb)

UK /ɪnˈdiːd/US /ɪnˈdiːd/

adverbB1

used after very and an adjective or adverb to emphasize a statement, description, etc.volume_up

Thank you very much indeed!volume_up

independent (adjective)

UK /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/US /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/

adjectiveA2

having its own governmentvolume_up

an independent state/nation/countryvolume_up

indicate (verb)

UK /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/US /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/

verbB1

to show that something is true or existsvolume_up

Initial tests indicate the presence of oxygen.volume_up

indirect (adjective)

UK /ˌɪndəˈrekt/US /ˌɪndəˈrekt/

adjectiveB1

happening not as the main aim, cause or result of a particular action, but in addition to itvolume_up

the indirect effects of the warvolume_up

individual (noun)

UK /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/US /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/

adjectiveA2

considered separately rather than as part of a groupvolume_up

We interviewed each individual member of the community.volume_up

nounA2

a person considered separately rather than as part of a groupvolume_up

The competition is open to both teams and individuals.volume_up

indoor (adjective)

UK /ˈɪndɔː(r)/US /ˈɪndɔːr/

adjectiveB1

located, done or used inside a buildingvolume_up

an indoor swimming poolvolume_up

indoors (adverb)

UK /ˌɪnˈdɔːz/US /ˌɪnˈdɔːrz/

adverbB1

inside or into a buildingvolume_up

I prefer to stay indoors in this really hot weather.volume_up

industrial (adjective)

UK /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/US /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/

adjectiveB2

connected with industryvolume_up

an industrial disputevolume_up

industry (noun)

UK /ˈɪndəstri/US /ˈɪndəstri/

nounA2

the production of goods from raw materials, especially in factoriesvolume_up

the needs of British industryvolume_up

infection (noun)

UK /ɪnˈfekʃn/US /ɪnˈfekʃn/

nounB2

the act or process of causing or getting a diseasevolume_up

to cause/prevent infectionvolume_up

influence (verb)

UK /ˈɪnfluəns/US /ˈɪnfluəns/

nounB1

the effect that somebody/something has on the way a person thinks or behaves or on the way that something works or developsvolume_up

His early work shows the influence of Cézanne and Matisse.volume_up

verbB1

to have an effect on the way that somebody behaves or thinks, especially by giving them an example to followvolume_up

His writings have influenced the lives of millions.volume_up

inform (verb)

UK /ɪnˈfɔːm/US /ɪnˈfɔːrm/

verbB2

to tell somebody about something, especially in an official wayvolume_up

The government took this decision without consulting Parliament or informing the public.volume_up

informal (adjective)

UK /ɪnˈfɔːml/US /ɪnˈfɔːrml/

adjectiveA2

relaxed and friendly; not following strict rules of how to behave or do somethingvolume_up

an informal atmospherevolume_up

information (noun)

UK /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/US /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃn/

nounA1

facts or details about somebody/somethingvolume_up

a piece of informationvolume_up

ingredient (noun)

UK /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/US /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/

nounB1

one of the things from which something is made, especially one of the foods that are used together to make a particular dishvolume_up

Mix all the ingredients in a bowl.volume_up

initial (adjective)

UK /ɪˈnɪʃl/US /ɪˈnɪʃl/

adjectiveB2

happening at the beginning; firstvolume_up

There is an initial payment of £60 followed by ten instalments of £25.volume_up

initially (adverb)

UK /ɪˈnɪʃəli/US /ɪˈnɪʃəli/

adverbB2

at the beginningvolume_up

Initially, the system worked well.volume_up

initiative (noun)

UK /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/US /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/

nounB2

a new plan for dealing with a particular problem or for achieving a particular purposevolume_up

a United Nations peace initiativevolume_up

injure (verb)

UK /ˈɪndʒə(r)/US /ˈɪndʒər/

verbB1

to harm yourself or somebody else physically, especially in an accidentvolume_up

He injured his knee playing hockey.volume_up

injured (adjective)

UK /ˈɪndʒəd/US /ˈɪndʒərd/

adjectiveB1

physically hurt; having an injuryvolume_up

His injured leg prevented him from walking.volume_up

injury (noun)

UK /ˈɪndʒəri/US /ˈɪndʒəri/

nounA2

harm done to a person’s or an animal’s body, for example in an accidentvolume_up

Two people sustained minor injuries.volume_up

inner (adjective)

UK /ˈɪnə(r)/US /ˈɪnər/

adjectiveB2

inside; towards or close to the centre of a placevolume_up

an inner courtyardvolume_up

innocent (adjective)

UK /ˈɪnəsnt/US /ˈɪnəsnt/

adjectiveB1

not guilty of a crime, etc.; not having done something wrongvolume_up

They have imprisoned an innocent man.volume_up

inquiry (noun)

UK /ɪnˈkwaɪəri/US /ˈɪnkwəri/

nounB2

an official process to find out the cause of something or to find out information about somethingvolume_up

a murder inquiryvolume_up

insect (noun)

UK /ˈɪnsekt/US /ˈɪnsekt/

nounA2

any small creature with six legs and a body divided into three parts. Insects usually also have wings. Ants, bees and flies are all insects.volume_up

Most birds spend most of the day eating insects.volume_up

inside (preposition)

UK /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/US /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/

adjectiveA2

forming the inner part of something; not on the outsidevolume_up

the inside pages of a newspapervolume_up

adverbA2

on or to the insidevolume_up

She shook it to make sure there was nothing inside.volume_up

nounA2

the inner part, side or surface of somethingvolume_up

The inside of the box was blue.volume_up

prepositionA2

on or to the inner part of something/somebody; within something/somebodyvolume_up

Go inside the house.volume_up

insight (noun)

UK /ˈɪnsaɪt/US /ˈɪnsaɪt/

nounB2

an understanding of what something is likevolume_up

There are many valuable insights in her book.volume_up

insist (verb)

UK /ɪnˈsɪst/US /ɪnˈsɪst/

verbB2

to demand that something happen or that somebody agree to do somethingvolume_up

I didn't really want to go but he insisted.volume_up

inspire (verb)

UK /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/US /ɪnˈspaɪər/

verbB2

to give somebody the desire, confidence or enthusiasm to do something wellvolume_up

The actors' enthusiasm inspired the kids.volume_up

install (verb)

UK /ɪnˈstɔːl/US /ɪnˈstɔːl/

verbB2

to fix equipment or furniture into position so that it can be usedvolume_up

They're planning to install a new drainage system.volume_up

instance (noun)

UK /ˈɪnstəns/US /ˈɪnstəns/

nounB2

a particular example or case of somethingvolume_up

The report highlights a number of instances of injustice.volume_up

instead (adverb)

UK /ɪnˈsted/US /ɪnˈsted/

adverbA2

in the place of somebody/somethingvolume_up

Lee was ill so I went instead.volume_up

institute (noun)

UK /ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/US /ˈɪnstɪtuːt/

nounB2

an organization that has a particular purpose, especially one that is connected with education or a particular profession; the building used by this organizationvolume_up

The report was compiled by Germany's five leading economic research institutes.volume_up

institution (noun)

UK /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn/US /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃn/

nounB2

a large important organization that has a particular purpose, for example a university or bankvolume_up

The deal is backed by one of the country's largest financial institutions.volume_up

instruction (noun)

UK /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/US /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/

nounA2

detailed information on how to do or use somethingvolume_up

Follow the instructions on the packet carefully.volume_up

instructor (noun)

UK /ɪnˈstrʌktə(r)/US /ɪnˈstrʌktər/

nounA2

a person whose job is to teach somebody a practical skill or sportvolume_up

a fitness/driving/ski instructorvolume_up

instrument (noun)

UK /ˈɪnstrəmənt/US /ˈɪnstrəmənt/

nounA2

an object used for producing musical sounds, for example a piano or a drumvolume_up

to play an instrumentvolume_up

insurance (noun)

UK /ɪnˈʃʊərəns/US /ɪnˈʃʊrəns/

nounB2

an arrangement with a company in which you pay them regular amounts of money and they agree to pay the costs, for example, if you die or are ill, or if you lose or damage somethingvolume_up

health/medical insurancevolume_up

intelligence (noun)

UK /ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/US /ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/

nounB1

the ability to learn, understand and think in a logical way about things; the ability to do this wellvolume_up

a person of high/average/low intelligencevolume_up

intelligent (adjective)

UK /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/US /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/

adjectiveA2

good at learning, understanding and thinking in a logical way about things; showing this abilityvolume_up

a highly intelligent childvolume_up

intend (verb)

UK /ɪnˈtend/US /ɪnˈtend/

verbB1

to have a plan, result or purpose in your mind when you do somethingvolume_up

We finished later than we had intended.volume_up

intended (adjective)

UK /ɪnˈtendɪd/US /ɪnˈtendɪd/

adjectiveB2

that you are trying to achieve or reachvolume_up

the intended purposevolume_up

intense (adjective)

UK /ɪnˈtens/US /ɪnˈtens/

adjectiveB2

very great; very strongvolume_up

We were all suffering in the intense heat.volume_up

intention (noun)

UK /ɪnˈtenʃn/US /ɪnˈtenʃn/

nounB1

what you intend or plan to do; your aimvolume_up

I have no intention of going to the wedding.volume_up

interest (verb)

UK /ˈɪntrəst/US /ˈɪntrəst/

nounA1

the feeling that you have when you want to know or learn more about somebody/somethingvolume_up

Her research has generated interest around the world.volume_up

verbA1

to attract your attention and make you feel interested; to make yourself give your attention to somethingvolume_up

Politics doesn't interest me.volume_up

interested (adjective)

UK /ˈɪntrəstɪd/US /ˈɪntrəstɪd/

adjectiveA1

giving your attention to something because you enjoy finding out about it or doing it; showing interest in something and finding it excitingvolume_up

He sounded genuinely interested.volume_up

interesting (adjective)

UK /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/US /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

adjectiveA1

attracting your attention because it is/they are special, exciting or unusualvolume_up

The article raises several interesting questions.volume_up

internal (adjective)

UK /ɪnˈtɜːnl/US /ɪnˈtɜːrnl/

adjectiveB2

connected with the inside of somethingvolume_up

the internal structure of a buildingvolume_up

international (adjective)

UK /ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/US /ˌɪntərˈnæʃnəl/

adjectiveA2

connected with or involving two or more countriesvolume_up

international trade/lawvolume_up

internet (noun)

UK /ˈɪntənet/US /ˈɪntərnet/

nounA1

an international computer network connecting other networks and computers that allows people to share information around the worldvolume_up

to surf/browse/access the internetvolume_up

interpret (verb)

UK /ɪnˈtɜːprət/US /ɪnˈtɜːrprət/

verbB2

to explain the meaning of somethingvolume_up

The students were asked to interpret the poem.volume_up

interrupt (verb)

UK /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/US /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/

verbB2

to say or do something that makes somebody stop what they are saying or doingvolume_up

Sorry to interrupt, but there's someone to see you.volume_up

interview (verb)

UK /ˈɪntəvjuː/US /ˈɪntərvjuː/

nounA1

a formal meeting at which somebody is asked questions to see if they are suitable for a particular job, or for a course of study at a college, university, etc.volume_up

a job interviewvolume_up

verbA1

to talk to somebody and ask them questions at a formal meeting to find out if they are suitable for a job, course of study, etc.volume_up

The university interviews all potential candidates.volume_up

into (preposition)

UK /ˈɪntə/US /ˈɪntə/

prepositionA1

to a position in or inside somethingvolume_up

Come into the house.volume_up

introduce (verb)

UK /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/US /ˌɪntrəˈduːs/

verbA1

to tell two or more people who have not met before what each other’s names are; to tell somebody what your name isvolume_up

Allow me to introduce my mother.volume_up

introduction (noun)

UK /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn/US /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn/

nounA2

the first part of a book or speech that gives a general idea of what is to followvolume_up

a book with an excellent introduction and notesvolume_up

invent (verb)

UK /ɪnˈvent/US /ɪnˈvent/

verbA2

to produce or design something that has not existed beforevolume_up

Who invented the steam engine?volume_up

invention (noun)

UK /ɪnˈvenʃn/US /ɪnˈvenʃn/

nounA2

a thing or an idea that has been inventedvolume_up

Fax machines were a wonderful invention at the time.volume_up

invest (verb)

UK /ɪnˈvest/US /ɪnˈvest/

verbB1

to buy property, shares in a company, etc. in the hope of making a profitvolume_up

Now is a good time to invest.volume_up

investigate (verb)

UK /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/US /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/

verbB1

to carefully examine the facts of a situation, an event, a crime, etc. to find out the truth about it or how it happenedvolume_up

The FBI has been called in to investigate.volume_up

investigation (noun)

UK /ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃn/US /ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃn/

nounB2

an official examination of the facts about a situation, crime, etc.volume_up

a criminal/murder/police investigationvolume_up

investment (noun)

UK /ɪnˈvestmənt/US /ɪnˈvestmənt/

nounB2

the act of investing money in somethingvolume_up

foreign/private investmentvolume_up

invitation (noun)

UK /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn/US /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃn/

nounA2

a spoken or written request to somebody to do something or to go somewherevolume_up

to issue/extend an invitationvolume_up

invite (verb)

UK /ɪnˈvaɪt/US /ɪnˈvaɪt/

verbA2

to ask somebody to come to a social eventvolume_up

Have you been invited to their party?volume_up

involve (verb)

UK /ɪnˈvɒlv/US /ɪnˈvɑːlv/

verbA2

if a situation, an event or an activity involves something, that thing is an important or necessary part or result of itvolume_up

Any investment involves an element of risk.volume_up

involved (adjective)

UK /ɪnˈvɒlvd/US /ɪnˈvɑːlvd/

adjectiveB1

taking part in something; being part of something or connected with somethingvolume_up

Some people tried to stop the fight but I didn't want to get involved.volume_up

iron (verb)

UK /ˈaɪən/US /ˈaɪərn/

nounB1

a chemical element. Iron is a hard strong metal that is used to make steel and is also found in small quantities in blood and food.volume_up

iron gates/bars/railingsvolume_up

verbB1

to make clothes, etc. smooth by using an ironvolume_up

He was ironing when I arrived.volume_up

island (noun)

UK /ˈaɪlənd/US /ˈaɪlənd/

nounA1

a piece of land that is completely surrounded by watervolume_up

a small/tiny islandvolume_up

issue (verb)

UK /ˈɪʃuː/US /ˈɪʃuː/

nounB1

an important topic that people are discussing or arguing aboutvolume_up

a key/major issuevolume_up

verbB2

to make something known formallyvolume_up

They issued a joint statement denying the charges.volume_up

it (pronoun)

UK /ɪt/US /ɪt/

nounB1

the study and use of electronic processes and equipment to store and send information of all kinds, including words, pictures and numbers (the abbreviation for ‘information technology’)volume_up

the increasing use of IT in all aspects of today's societyvolume_up

pronounA1

used to refer to an animal or a thing that has already been mentioned or that is being talked about nowvolume_up

‘Where's your car?’ ‘It's in the garage.’volume_up

item (noun)

UK /ˈaɪtəm/US /ˈaɪtəm/

nounA2

one thing on a list of things to buy, do, talk about, etc.volume_up

What's the next item on the agenda?volume_up

its (determiner)

UK /ɪts/US /ɪts/

determinerA1

belonging to or connected with a thing, an animal or a babyvolume_up

Turn the box on its side.volume_up

itself (pronoun)

UK /ɪtˈself/US /ɪtˈself/

pronounA2

used when the animal or thing that does an action is also affected by itvolume_up

The cat was washing itself.volume_up

jacket (noun)

UK /ˈdʒækɪt/US /ˈdʒækɪt/

nounA1

a piece of clothing worn on the top half of the body over a shirt, etc. that has arms and fastens down the front; a short, light coatvolume_up

a leather/denim/tweed jacketvolume_up

jam (noun)

UK /dʒæm/US /dʒæm/

nounA2

a thick sweet substance made by boiling fruit with sugar, often sold in jars and spread on breadvolume_up

strawberry jamvolume_up

january (noun)

UK /ˈdʒænjuəri/US /ˈdʒænjueri/

nounA1

the 1st month of the year, between December and Februaryvolume_up

She was born in January.volume_up

jazz (noun)

UK /dʒæz/US /dʒæz/

nounA2

a type of music with strong rhythms, in which the players often improvise (= make up the music as they are playing), originally created by African American musicians at the beginning of the 20th centuryvolume_up

traditional/modern jazzvolume_up

jeans (noun)

UK /dʒiːnz/US /dʒiːnz/

nounA1

trousers made of denim (= a type of strong cotton)volume_up

I always wear jeans.volume_up

jewellery (noun)

UK /ˈdʒuːəlri/US /ˈdʒuːəlri/

nounA2

objects such as rings and necklaces that people wear as decorationvolume_up

silver/gold jewelleryvolume_up

job (noun)

UK /dʒɒb/US /dʒɑːb/

nounA1

work for which you receive regular paymentvolume_up

I don't have a job at present.volume_up

join (verb)

UK /dʒɔɪn/US /dʒɔɪn/

verbA1

to fix or connect two or more things togethervolume_up

Join one section of pipe to the next.volume_up

joke (verb)

UK /dʒəʊk/US /dʒəʊk/

nounA2

something that you say or do to make people laugh, for example a funny story that you tellvolume_up

I can't tell jokes.volume_up

verbA2

to say something to make people laugh; to tell a funny storyvolume_up

She was laughing and joking with the children.volume_up

journal (noun)

UK /ˈdʒɜːnl/US /ˈdʒɜːrnl/

nounB1

a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or professionvolume_up

a scientific/an academic journalvolume_up

journalist (noun)

UK /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/US /ˈdʒɜːrnəlɪst/

nounA2

a person whose job is to collect and write news stories for newspapers, magazines, radio, television or online news sitesvolume_up

a freelance journalistvolume_up

journey (noun)

UK /ˈdʒɜːni/US /ˈdʒɜːrni/

nounA1

an act of travelling from one place to another, especially when they are far apartvolume_up

They went on a long train journey across India.volume_up

joy (noun)

UK /dʒɔɪ/US /dʒɔɪ/

nounB2

a feeling of great happinessvolume_up

Her books have brought joy to millions.volume_up

judge (verb)

UK /dʒʌdʒ/US /dʒʌdʒ/

nounB1

a person in a court who has the authority to decide how criminals should be punished or to make legal decisionsvolume_up

a High Court judgevolume_up

verbB1

to form an opinion about somebody/something, based on the information you havevolume_up

As far as I can judge, all of them are to blame.volume_up

judgement (noun)

UK /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/US /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

nounB2

the ability to make sensible decisions after carefully considering the best thing to dovolume_up

good/poor/sound judgementvolume_up

juice (noun)

UK /dʒuːs/US /dʒuːs/

nounA1

the liquid that comes from fruit or vegetables; a drink made from thisvolume_up

a glass of fruit juicevolume_up

july (noun)

UK /dʒuˈlaɪ/US /dʒuˈlaɪ/

nounA1

the 7th month of the year, between June and Augustvolume_up

She was born in July.volume_up

jump (verb)

UK /dʒʌmp/US /dʒʌmp/

nounA2

an act of jumpingvolume_up

to do a parachute jumpvolume_up

verbA2

to move quickly off the ground or away from a surface by pushing yourself with your legs and feetvolume_up

‘Quick, jump!’ he shouted.volume_up

june (noun)

UK /dʒuːn/US /dʒuːn/

nounA1

the 6th month of the year, between May and Julyvolume_up

She was born in June.volume_up

junior (adjective)

UK /ˈdʒuːniə(r)/US /ˈdʒuːniər/

adjectiveB2

having a low rank in an organization or a professionvolume_up

a junior partner/minister/officervolume_up

just (adverb)

UK /dʒʌst/US /dʒʌst/

adjectiveC1

that most people consider to be morally fair and reasonablevolume_up

a just decision/law/societyvolume_up

adverbA1

onlyvolume_up

There is just one method that might work.volume_up

justice (noun)

UK /ˈdʒʌstɪs/US /ˈdʒʌstɪs/

nounB2

the fair treatment of peoplevolume_up

She spent her life fighting for social justice and equality for women.volume_up

justify (verb)

UK /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/US /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/

verbB2

to show that somebody/something is right or reasonablevolume_up

How can they justify paying such huge salaries?volume_up

keen (adjective)

UK /kiːn/US /kiːn/

adjectiveB1

wanting to do something or wanting something to happen very muchvolume_up

John was very keen to help.volume_up

keep (verb)

UK /kiːp/US /kiːp/

verbA1

to continue to have something and not give it back or throw it awayvolume_up

He kept all her letters.volume_up

key (verb)

UK /kiː/US /kiː/

adjectiveA1

most important; essentialvolume_up

the key issue/factor/pointvolume_up

nounA1

a piece of metal with a special shape used for locking a door, starting a car, etc.volume_up

to put/turn the key in the lockvolume_up

verbB1

to put information into a computer using a keyboardvolume_up

I was busy keying data.volume_up

keyboard (noun)

UK /ˈkiːbɔːd/US /ˈkiːbɔːrd/

nounB1

the set of keys for operating a computer or typewriter, or the set of letters that you can touch to write on a smartphone or tabletvolume_up

The program locks the keyboard until a password is given.volume_up

kick (verb)

UK /kɪk/US /kɪk/

nounB1

a movement with the foot or the leg, usually to hit something with the footvolume_up

the first kick of the gamevolume_up

verbB1

to hit somebody/something with your footvolume_up

Stop kicking—it hurts!volume_up

kid (noun)

UK /kɪd/US /kɪd/

nounA2

a child or young personvolume_up

Do you have any kids?volume_up

kill (verb)

UK /kɪl/US /kɪl/

verbA2

to make somebody/something dievolume_up

Cancer kills thousands of people every year.volume_up

killing (noun)

UK /ˈkɪlɪŋ/US /ˈkɪlɪŋ/

nounB1

an act of killing somebody deliberatelyvolume_up

Their leader condemned the torture and killing of innocent civilians.volume_up

kilometre (noun)

UK /kɪˈlɒmɪtə(r)/US /kɪˈlɑːmɪtər/

nounA1

a unit for measuring distance; 1 000 metresvolume_up

The industrial estate is 6 kilometres from the city centre.volume_up

kind (noun)

UK /kaɪnd/US /kaɪnd/

adjectiveB1

caring about others; gentle, friendly and generousvolume_up

a very kind and helpful personvolume_up

nounA1

a group of people or things that are the same in some way; a particular variety or typevolume_up

three kinds of cakes/cakevolume_up

king (noun)

UK /kɪŋ/US /kɪŋ/

nounA2

the male ruler of an independent state that has a royal familyvolume_up

the kings and queens of Englandvolume_up

kiss (verb)

UK /kɪs/US /kɪs/

nounB1

the act of kissing somebody/somethingvolume_up

Come here and give me a kiss!volume_up

verbB1

to touch somebody with your lips as a sign of love or sexual desire or when saying hello or goodbyevolume_up

They stood in a doorway kissing (= kissing each other).volume_up

kitchen (noun)

UK /ˈkɪtʃɪn/US /ˈkɪtʃɪn/

nounA1

a room in which meals are cooked or preparedvolume_up

We ate at the kitchen table.volume_up

knee (noun)

UK /niː/US /niː/

nounA2

the joint between the top and bottom parts of the leg where it bends in the middlevolume_up

a knee injuryvolume_up

knife (noun)

UK /naɪf/US /naɪf/

nounA2

a sharp blade (= metal edge) with a handle, used for cutting or as a weaponvolume_up

knives and forksvolume_up

knock (verb)

UK /nɒk/US /nɑːk/

nounB1

the sound of somebody hitting a door, window, etc. with their hand or with something hard to attract attentionvolume_up

There was a knock at the door.volume_up

verbA2

to hit a door, etc. in order to attract attentionvolume_up

He knocked three times and waited.volume_up

know (verb)

UK /nəʊ/US /nəʊ/

verbA1

to have information in your mind as a result of experience or because you have learned or been told itvolume_up

No one knows the answer.volume_up

knowledge (noun)

UK /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/US /ˈnɑːlɪdʒ/

nounA2

the information, understanding and skills that you gain through education or experiencevolume_up

scientific/technical knowledge and skillsvolume_up

lab (noun)

UK /læb/US /læb/

nounA2

a laboratoryvolume_up

a computer/research labvolume_up

label (verb)

UK /ˈleɪbl/US /ˈleɪbl/

nounB1

a piece of paper, etc. that is attached to something and that gives information about itvolume_up

Always read the label carefully.volume_up

verbB1

to fix a label on something or write information on somethingvolume_up

Make sure that your luggage is clearly labelled.volume_up

laboratory (noun)

UK /ləˈbɒrətri/US /ˈlæbrətɔːri/

nounB1

a room or building used for scientific research, experiments, testing, etc.volume_up

a clinical/research laboratoryvolume_up

labour (noun)

UK /ˈleɪbə(r)/US /ˈleɪbər/

nounB2

work, especially physical workvolume_up

manual labour (= work using your hands)volume_up

lack (verb)

UK /læk/US /læk/

nounB1

the state of not having something or not having enough of somethingvolume_up

a lack of understanding/knowledgevolume_up

verbB1

to have none or not enough of somethingvolume_up

to lack confidence/experience/resources/powervolume_up

lady (noun)

UK /ˈleɪdi/US /ˈleɪdi/

nounA2

a word used to mean ‘woman’ that some people, especially older people, consider is more politevolume_up

There's a lady waiting to see you.volume_up

lake (noun)

UK /leɪk/US /leɪk/

nounA2

a large area of water that is surrounded by landvolume_up

We swam in the lake.volume_up

lamp (noun)

UK /læmp/US /læmp/

nounA2

a device that uses electricity, oil or gas to produce lightvolume_up

a desk/bedside lampvolume_up

land (verb)

UK /lænd/US /lænd/

nounA1

the surface of the earth that is not seavolume_up

The new project will reclaim the land from the sea.volume_up

verbA2

to come down through the air onto the ground or another surfacevolume_up

The plane landed safely.volume_up

landscape (noun)

UK /ˈlændskeɪp/US /ˈlændskeɪp/

nounB2

everything you can see when you look across a large area of land, especially in the countryvolume_up

the woods and fields that are typical features of the English landscapevolume_up

language (noun)

UK /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/US /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/

nounA1

the system of communication in speech and writing that is used by people of a particular country or areavolume_up

the English languagevolume_up

laptop (noun)

UK /ˈlæptɒp/US /ˈlæptɑːp/

nounA2

a small computer that can work with a battery and be easily carriedvolume_up

I opened my laptop and started typing.volume_up

large (adjective)

UK /lɑːdʒ/US /lɑːrdʒ/

adjectiveA1

big in size or quantityvolume_up

a large group/city/area/crowd/familyvolume_up

largely (adverb)

UK /ˈlɑːdʒli/US /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

adverbB2

to a great extent; mostly or mainlyvolume_up

The manager was largely responsible for the team’s victory.volume_up

last (verb)

UK /lɑːst/US /læst/

adverbA2

after anyone or anything else; at the endvolume_up

He came last in the race.volume_up

determinerA1

happening or coming after all other similar things or peoplevolume_up

We caught the last bus home.volume_up

nounA2

the person or thing that comes or happens after all other similar people or thingsvolume_up

Sorry I'm late—am I the last?volume_up

verbA2

to continue for a particular period of timevolume_up

Each game lasts about an hour.volume_up

late (adverb)

UK /leɪt/US /leɪt/

adjectiveA1

arriving, happening or done after the expected, arranged or usual timevolume_up

I'm sorry I'm late.volume_up

adverbA1

after the expected, arranged or usual timevolume_up

I got up late.volume_up

later (adverb)

UK /ˈleɪtə(r)/US /ˈleɪtər/

adjectiveA2

coming after something else or at a time in the futurevolume_up

Rembrandt's later worksvolume_up

adverbA1

at a time in the future; after the time you are talking aboutvolume_up

See you later.volume_up

latest (noun)

UK /ˈleɪtɪst/US /ˈleɪtɪst/

adjectiveB1

the most recent or newestvolume_up

the latest craze/fashion/trendvolume_up

nounB2

the most recent or the newest thing or piece of newsvolume_up

This is the latest in robot technology.volume_up

laugh (verb)

UK /lɑːf/US /læf/

nounA1

the sound you make when you think that something is funny or sillyvolume_up

to give a laughvolume_up

verbA1

to make the sounds and movements of your face that show you think something is funny or sillyvolume_up

to laugh out loudvolume_up

laughter (noun)

UK /ˈlɑːftə(r)/US /ˈlæftər/

nounA2

the act or sound of laughingvolume_up

to roar/howl with laughtervolume_up

launch (verb)

UK /lɔːntʃ/US /lɔːntʃ/

nounB2

the action of launching somethingvolume_up

a missile/rocket launchvolume_up

verbB2

to start an activity, especially an organized onevolume_up

The government recently launched a national road safety campaign.volume_up

law (noun)

UK /lɔː/US /lɔː/

nounA2

a rule that deals with a particular crime, agreement, etc.volume_up

to pass a law (= officially make it part of the system of laws)volume_up

lawyer (noun)

UK /ˈlɔɪə(r)/US /ˈlɔɪər/

nounA2

a person who is trained and qualified to advise people about the law and to represent them in court, and to write legal documentsvolume_up

to hire a lawyervolume_up

lay (verb)

UK /leɪ/US /leɪ/

verbB1

to put somebody/something in a particular position, especially when it is done gently or carefullyvolume_up

He laid a hand on my arm.volume_up

layer (noun)

UK /ˈleɪə(r)/US /ˈleɪər/

nounB1

a quantity or sheet of something that lies over a surface or between surfacesvolume_up

A thin layer of dust covered everything.volume_up

lazy (adjective)

UK /ˈleɪzi/US /ˈleɪzi/

adjectiveA2

unwilling to work or be active; doing as little as possiblevolume_up

He was not stupid, just lazy.volume_up

lead (verb)

UK /liːd/US /liːd/

verbA2

to go with or in front of a person or an animal to show the way or to make them go in the right directionvolume_up

I'll follow.volume_up

leader (noun)

UK /ˈliːdə(r)/US /ˈliːdər/

nounA2

a person who leads a group of people, especially the head of a country, an organization, etc.volume_up

party/world leadersvolume_up

leadership (noun)

UK /ˈliːdəʃɪp/US /ˈliːdərʃɪp/

nounB2

the state or position of being a leadervolume_up

a leadership role/positionvolume_up

leading (adjective)

UK /ˈliːdɪŋ/US /ˈliːdɪŋ/

adjectiveB1

most important or most successfulvolume_up

a leading expert/authority/figure/membervolume_up

leaf (noun)

UK /liːf/US /liːf/

nounB1

a flat green part of a plant, growing from a stem or branch or from the rootvolume_up

lettuce/cabbage/oak leavesvolume_up

league (noun)

UK /liːɡ/US /liːɡ/

nounB2

a group of sports teams who all play each other to earn points and find which team is bestvolume_up

Castleford have led the league for most of the season.volume_up

lean (verb)

UK /liːn/US /liːn/

verbB2

to bend or move from a straight position to a sloping positionvolume_up

I leaned back in my chair.volume_up

learn (verb)

UK /lɜːn/US /lɜːrn/

verbA1

to gain knowledge or skill by studying, from experience, from being taught, etc.volume_up

to learn a language/skill/tradevolume_up

learning (noun)

UK /ˈlɜːnɪŋ/US /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

nounA2

the process of learning somethingvolume_up

lifelong/adult learningvolume_up

least (determiner, pronoun)

UK /liːst/US /liːst/

adverbA2

to the smallest degreevolume_up

He always turns up just when you least expect him.volume_up

determinerA2

smallest in size, amount, degree, etc.volume_up

He's the best teacher, even though he has the least experience.volume_up

pronounA2

smallest in size, amount, degree, etc.volume_up

He's the best teacher, even though he has the least experience.volume_up

leather (noun)

UK /ˈleðə(r)/US /ˈleðər/

nounB1

material made by removing the hair or fur from animal skins and preserving the skins using special processesvolume_up

a leather jacketvolume_up

leave (verb)

UK /liːv/US /liːv/

nounB2

a period of time when you are allowed to be away from work for a holiday or for a special reasonvolume_up

to take a month’s paid/unpaid leavevolume_up

verbA1

to go away from a person or a placevolume_up

Come on, it's time we left (= time for us to leave).volume_up

lecture (verb)

UK /ˈlektʃə(r)/US /ˈlektʃər/

nounA2

a talk that is given to a group of people to teach them about a particular subject, often as part of a university or college coursevolume_up

to go to/attend a lecturevolume_up

verbA2

to give a talk or a series of talks to a group of people on a subject, especially as a way of teaching in a university or collegevolume_up

He has taught and lectured at the University of Pretoria.volume_up

left (noun)

UK /left/US /left/

adjectiveA1

on the side of your body that is towards the west when you are facing northvolume_up

Fewer people write with their left hand than with their right.volume_up

adverbA1

on or to the left sidevolume_up

Turn left at the intersection.volume_up

nounA1

the left side or directionvolume_up

Take the next road on the left.volume_up

leg (noun)

UK /leɡ/US /leɡ/

nounA1

one of the long parts that connect the feet to the rest of the bodyvolume_up

Sit on the floor, stretching your legs out in front of you.volume_up

legal (adjective)

UK /ˈliːɡl/US /ˈliːɡl/

adjectiveB1

connected with the lawvolume_up

the legal profession/systemvolume_up

leisure (noun)

UK /ˈleʒə(r)/US /ˈliːʒər/

nounB1

time when you are not working or studying; free timevolume_up

These days we have more money and more leisure to enjoy it.volume_up

lemon (noun)

UK /ˈlemən/US /ˈlemən/

nounA2

a yellow citrus fruit with juice that has a bitter, sharp taste. Slices of lemon and lemon juice are used in cooking and drinks.volume_up

Add a squeeze of lemon juice.volume_up

lend (verb)

UK /lend/US /lend/

verbA2

to give something to somebody or allow them to use something that belongs to you, which they have to return to you latervolume_up

They will lend equipment free of charge.volume_up

length (noun)

UK /leŋkθ/US /leŋkθ/

nounB1

the size or measurement of something from one end to the othervolume_up

Measure the length of the line from A to B.volume_up

less (determiner, pronoun)

UK /les/US /les/

adverbA2

to a smaller degree; not so muchvolume_up

less expensive/likely/intelligentvolume_up

determinerA2

used with uncountable nouns to mean ‘a smaller amount of’volume_up

less butter/time/importancevolume_up

pronounA2

used with uncountable nouns to mean ‘a smaller amount of’volume_up

less butter/time/importancevolume_up

lesson (noun)

UK /ˈlesn/US /ˈlesn/

nounA1

a period of time in which somebody is taught somethingvolume_up

She gives piano lessons.volume_up

let (verb)

UK /let/US /let/

verbA1

used for making suggestions or as a polite way of telling people what you want them to dovolume_up

‘Shall we check it again?’ ‘Yes, let's.’volume_up

letter (noun)

UK /ˈletə(r)/US /ˈletər/

nounA1

a written, typed or printed message that is put in an envelope or attached to an email and sent to somebodyvolume_up

to write/send (somebody) a lettervolume_up

level (verb)

UK /ˈlevl/US /ˈlevl/

adjectiveB1

having a flat surface that does not slopevolume_up

Pitch the tent on level ground.volume_up

nounA2

the height of something in relation to the ground or to what it used to bevolume_up

The cables are buried one metre below ground level.volume_up

verbB2

to make something flat or smoothvolume_up

The first coat of plaster levels out the surface of the wall.volume_up

library (noun)

UK /ˈlaɪbrəri/US /ˈlaɪbreri/

nounA1

a building in which collections of books, newspapers, etc. and sometimes films and recorded music are kept for people to read, study or borrowvolume_up

a public/university/school libraryvolume_up

licence (noun)

UK /ˈlaɪsns/US /ˈlaɪsns/

nounB2

an official document that shows that permission has been given to do, own or use somethingvolume_up

Applicants must hold a valid driving licence.volume_up

lie (verb)

UK /laɪ/US /laɪ/

nounB1

a statement made by somebody knowing that it is not truevolume_up

to tell a lievolume_up

verbA1

to be or put yourself in a flat position so that you are not standing or sittingvolume_up

lie + adv./prep., to lie on your back/side/frontvolume_up

life (noun)

UK /laɪf/US /laɪf/

nounA1

the ability to breathe, grow, produce young, etc. that people, animals and plants have before they die and that objects do not havevolume_up

This could mean the difference between life and death.volume_up

lifestyle (noun)

UK /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/US /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/

nounA2

the way in which a person or a group of people lives and worksvolume_up

Many people are trying to adopt a healthy lifestyle these days.volume_up

lift (verb)

UK /lɪft/US /lɪft/

nounA2

a machine that carries people or goods up and down to different levels in a building or a minevolume_up

It's on the sixth floor—let's take the lift.volume_up

verbA2

to raise somebody/something or be raised to a higher position or levelvolume_up

I lifted the lid of the box and peered in.volume_up

light (verb)

UK /laɪt/US /laɪt/

adjectiveA1

pale in colourvolume_up

He's got light blue eyes.volume_up

nounA1

the energy from the sun, a lamp, etc. that makes it possible to see thingsvolume_up

bright/dim lightvolume_up

verbA2

to make something start to burnvolume_up

She lit a candle.volume_up

like (verb)

UK /laɪk/US /laɪk/

nounB1

the things that you likevolume_up

We all have different likes and dislikes.volume_up

prepositionA1

similar to somebody/somethingvolume_up

She's wearing a dress like mine.volume_up

verbA1

to find somebody/something pleasant, attractive or of a good enough standard; to enjoy somethingvolume_up

She's nice. I like her.volume_up

likely (adjective)

UK /ˈlaɪkli/US /ˈlaɪkli/

adjectiveA2

having a good chance of happening or being something; probable or expectedvolume_up

the most likely explanation/outcome/scenariovolume_up

limit (verb)

UK /ˈlɪmɪt/US /ˈlɪmɪt/

nounB1

the greatest or smallest amount of something that is allowedvolume_up

They imposed a strict spending limit.volume_up

verbB1

to stop something from increasing beyond a particular amount or levelvolume_up

measures to limit carbon dioxide emissionsvolume_up

limited (adjective)

UK /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/US /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/

adjectiveB2

not very great in amount or extentvolume_up

We are doing our best with the limited resources available.volume_up

line (verb)

UK /laɪn/US /laɪn/

nounA1

a long, thin mark on a surfacevolume_up

a straight/solid/dotted/dashed linevolume_up

verbB2

to cover the inside of something with a layer of another material, especially to keep it clean or make it strongervolume_up

Butter and line a 25 cm cake tin.volume_up

link (verb)

UK /lɪŋk/US /lɪŋk/

nounA2

a connection between two or more people or thingsvolume_up

Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders.volume_up

verbA2

to make a physical or electronic connection between one object, machine, place, etc. and anothervolume_up

The video cameras are linked to a powerful computer.volume_up

lion (noun)

UK /ˈlaɪən/US /ˈlaɪən/

nounA1

a large, powerful animal of the cat family that hunts in groups and lives in parts of Africa and southern Asia. Lions have yellow-brown fur and the male has a mane (= long, thick hair round its neck).volume_up

The lion shook its mane and roared.volume_up

lip (noun)

UK /lɪp/US /lɪp/

nounB1

either of the two soft edges at the opening to the mouthvolume_up

The assistant pursed her lips.volume_up

liquid (noun)

UK /ˈlɪkwɪd/US /ˈlɪkwɪd/

adjectiveB1

in the form of a liquid; not a solid or a gasvolume_up

liquid nitrogenvolume_up

nounB1

a substance that flows freely and is not a solid or a gas, for example water or oilvolume_up

She poured the dark brown liquid down the sink.volume_up

list (verb)

UK /lɪst/US /lɪst/

nounA1

a series of names, items, figures, etc., especially when they are written or printedvolume_up

The guest list includes numerous celebrities.volume_up

verbA1

to write a list of things in a particular ordervolume_up

We were asked to list our ten favourite songs.volume_up

listen (verb)

UK /ˈlɪsn/US /ˈlɪsn/

verbA1

to pay attention to somebody/something that you can hearvolume_up

Listen! What's that noise? Can you hear it?volume_up

listener (noun)

UK /ˈlɪsənə(r)/US /ˈlɪsənər/

nounA2

a person who listensvolume_up

a good listener (= somebody who you can rely on to listen with attention or sympathy)volume_up

literature (noun)

UK /ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/US /ˈlɪtrətʃər/

nounB1

pieces of writing that are valued as works of art, especially novels, plays and poems (in contrast to technical books and newspapers, magazines, etc.)volume_up

English/American/French literaturevolume_up

little (determiner, pronoun)

UK /ˈlɪtl/US /ˈlɪtl/

adjectiveA1

not big; small; smaller than othersvolume_up

a little housevolume_up

adverbA2

to a small degreevolume_up

She seemed a little afraid of going inside.volume_up

determinerA1

used with uncountable nouns to mean ‘a small amount’, ‘some’volume_up

a little milk/sugar/teavolume_up

pronounA1

used with uncountable nouns to mean ‘a small amount’, ‘some’volume_up

a little milk/sugar/teavolume_up

live (verb)

UK /lɪv/US /lɪv/

adjectiveB1

living; not deadvolume_up

live animalsvolume_up

adverbB1

broadcast at the time of an actual event; played or recorded at an actual performancevolume_up

The show is going out live.volume_up

verbA1

to have your home in a particular placevolume_up

to live in a house/a flat/an apartmentvolume_up

lively (adjective)

UK /ˈlaɪvli/US /ˈlaɪvli/

adjectiveB2

full of life and energy; active and enthusiasticvolume_up

an intelligent and lively young womanvolume_up

living (noun)

UK /ˈlɪvɪŋ/US /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

adjectiveB1

alive nowvolume_up

all living thingsvolume_up

nounB1

money to buy the things that you need in lifevolume_up

She earns her living as a freelance journalist.volume_up

load (verb)

UK /ləʊd/US /ləʊd/

nounB2

something that is being carried (usually in large amounts) by a person, vehicle, etc.volume_up

The trucks waited at the warehouse to pick up their loads.volume_up

verbB2

to put a large quantity of things or people onto or into somethingvolume_up

We loaded the car in ten minutes.volume_up

loan (noun)

UK /ləʊn/US /ləʊn/

nounB2

money that an organization such as a bank lends and somebody borrowsvolume_up

to take out/repay a loan (= to borrow money/pay it back)volume_up

local (noun)

UK /ˈləʊkl/US /ˈləʊkl/

adjectiveA1

belonging to or connected with the particular place or area that you are talking about or with the place where you livevolume_up

local people/residents/businessesvolume_up

nounB1

a person who lives in a particular place or districtvolume_up

The locals are very friendly.volume_up

locate (verb)

UK /ləʊˈkeɪt/US /ˈləʊkeɪt/

verbB1

to find the exact position of somebody/somethingvolume_up

The mechanic located the fault immediately.volume_up

located (adjective)

UK /ləʊˈkeɪtɪd/US /ˈləʊkeɪtɪd/

adjectiveB1

if something is located in a particular place, it exists there or has been put therevolume_up

a small town located 30 miles south of Chicagovolume_up

location (noun)

UK /ləʊˈkeɪʃn/US /ləʊˈkeɪʃn/

nounB1

a place where something happens or exists; the position of somethingvolume_up

a honeymoon in a secret locationvolume_up

lock (verb)

UK /lɒk/US /lɑːk/

nounA2

a device that keeps a door, window, box, etc. shut, usually needing a key to open itvolume_up

She turned the key in the lock.volume_up

verbA2

to fasten something with a lock; to be fastened with a lockvolume_up

Did you lock the door?volume_up

logical (adjective)

UK /ˈlɒdʒɪkl/US /ˈlɑːdʒɪkl/

adjectiveB2

seeming natural, reasonable or sensiblevolume_up

It was a logical conclusion from the child's point of view.volume_up

lonely (adjective)

UK /ˈləʊnli/US /ˈləʊnli/

adjectiveB1

unhappy because you have no friends or people to talk tovolume_up

She lives alone and often feels lonely.volume_up

long (adverb)

UK /lɒŋ/US /lɔːŋ/

adjectiveA1

measuring or covering a great length or distance, or a greater length or distance than usualvolume_up

She had long dark hair.volume_up

adverbA1

for a long timevolume_up

Have you been here long?volume_up

long-term (adverb)

UK /ˌlɒŋ ˈtɜːm/US /ˌlɔːŋ ˈtɜːrm/

adjectiveB2

lasting or having an effect over a long period of timevolume_up

Our long-term goal is to lower operating costs by 10 per cent.volume_up

adverbB2

over a long period of timevolume_up

to benefit/affect somebody long-termvolume_up

look (verb)

UK /lʊk/US /lʊk/

nounA2

an act of looking at somebody/somethingvolume_up

Here, have a look at this.volume_up

verbA1

to turn your eyes in a particular directionvolume_up

Look closely and tell me what you see.volume_up

loose (adjective)

UK /luːs/US /luːs/

adjectiveB2

not securely fixed where it should be; able to become separated from somethingvolume_up

a loose button/toothvolume_up

lord (noun)

UK /lɔːd/US /lɔːrd/

nounB2

(in the UK) a man of high rank in the nobility (= people of high social class), or somebody who has been given the title ‘lord’ as an honourvolume_up

She's married to a lord.volume_up

lorry (noun)

UK /ˈlɒri/US /ˈlɔːri/

nounA2

a large vehicle for carrying heavy loads by roadvolume_up

a lorry drivervolume_up

lose (verb)

UK /luːz/US /luːz/

verbA1

to be unable to find something/somebodyvolume_up

I've lost my keys.volume_up

loss (noun)

UK /lɒs/US /lɔːs/

nounB1

the state of no longer having something or as much of something; the process that leads to thisvolume_up

I want to report the loss of a package.volume_up

lost (adjective)

UK /lɒst/US /lɔːst/

adjectiveA2

unable to find your way; not knowing where you arevolume_up

We always get lost in London.volume_up

lot (pronoun)

UK /lɒt/US /lɑːt/

adverbA1

used with verbs to mean ‘a great amount’volume_up

I care a lot about you.volume_up

determinerA1

a large number or amount of somebody/somethingvolume_up

What a lot of presents!volume_up

pronounA1

a large number or amountvolume_up

‘How many do you need?’ ‘A lot.’volume_up

loud (adverb)

UK /laʊd/US /laʊd/

adjectiveA2

making a lot of noisevolume_up

loud laughtervolume_up

adverbA2

in a way that makes a lot of noise or can be easily heardvolume_up

Do you have to play that music so loud?volume_up

loudly (adverb)

UK /ˈlaʊdli/US /ˈlaʊdli/

adverbA2

in a way that makes a lot of noisevolume_up

She screamed as loudly as she could.volume_up

love (verb)

UK /lʌv/US /lʌv/

nounA1

a very strong feeling of liking and caring for somebody/something, especially a member of your family or a friendvolume_up

She has earned the love and respect of many people.volume_up

verbA1

to have very strong feelings of liking and caring for somebodyvolume_up

I love you.volume_up

lovely (adjective)

UK /ˈlʌvli/US /ˈlʌvli/

adjectiveA2

beautiful; attractivevolume_up

She looked particularly lovely that night.volume_up

low (noun)

UK /ləʊ/US /ləʊ/

adjectiveA2

not high or tall; not far above the groundvolume_up

a low wall/building/tablevolume_up

adverbA2

in or into a low position, not far above the groundvolume_up

to crouch/bend lowvolume_up

nounB2

a low level or point; a low figurevolume_up

The temperature reached a record low in London last night.volume_up

lower (verb)

UK /ˈləʊə(r)/US /ˈləʊər/

verbB2

to reduce something or to become less in value, quality, etc.volume_up

He lowered his voice to a whisper.volume_up

luck (noun)

UK /lʌk/US /lʌk/

nounA2

good things that happen to you by chance, not because of your own efforts or abilitiesvolume_up

with (any) luck, With any luck, we'll be home before dark.volume_up

lucky (adjective)

UK /ˈlʌki/US /ˈlʌki/

adjectiveA2

having good luckvolume_up

His friend was killed and he knows he is lucky to be alive.volume_up

lunch (noun)

UK /lʌntʃ/US /lʌntʃ/

nounA1

a meal eaten in the middle of the dayvolume_up

She's gone to lunch.volume_up

lung (noun)

UK /lʌŋ/US /lʌŋ/

nounB2

either of the two organs in the chest that you use for breathingvolume_up

Her father died of lung cancer.volume_up

luxury (noun)

UK /ˈlʌkʃəri/US /ˈlʌkʃəri/

adjectiveB1

expensive and of very high qualityvolume_up

a luxury hotel/car/apartmentvolume_up

nounB1

the fact of enjoying special and expensive things, particularly food and drink, clothes and placesvolume_up

a life of unimaginable luxuryvolume_up

machine (noun)

UK /məˈʃiːn/US /məˈʃiːn/

nounA1

a piece of equipment with many parts that work together to do a particular task. The power used to work a machine may be electricity, steam, gas, etc. or human power.volume_up

Machines have replaced human labour in many industries.volume_up

mad (adjective)

UK /mæd/US /mæd/

adjectiveB1

very stupid; not at all sensiblevolume_up

You must be mad to risk it.volume_up

magazine (noun)

UK /ˌmæɡəˈziːn/US /ˈmæɡəziːn/

nounA1

a type of large thin book with a paper cover that you can buy every week or month, containing articles, photographs, etc., often on a particular topic; a similar collection of articles, etc. that appears regularly onlinevolume_up

a weekly/monthly magazinevolume_up

magic (noun)

UK /ˈmædʒɪk/US /ˈmædʒɪk/

adjectiveB1

having or using special powers to make impossible things happen or seem to happenvolume_up

a magic spell/charm/potionvolume_up

nounB1

the secret power of appearing to make impossible things happen by saying special words or doing special thingsvolume_up

Do you believe in magic?volume_up

mail (verb)

UK /meɪl/US /meɪl/

nounA2

the official system used for sending and delivering letters, packages, etc.volume_up

a mail service/train/vanvolume_up

verbA2

to send something to somebody using the postal systemvolume_up

Don't forget to mail that letter to your mother.volume_up

main (adjective)

UK /meɪn/US /meɪn/

adjectiveA1

being the largest or most important of its kindvolume_up

Be careful crossing the main road.volume_up

mainly (adverb)

UK /ˈmeɪnli/US /ˈmeɪnli/

adverbB1

more than anything else; also used to talk about the most important reason for somethingvolume_up

They eat mainly fruit and nuts.volume_up

maintain (verb)

UK /meɪnˈteɪn/US /meɪnˈteɪn/

verbB2

to make something continue at the same level, standard, etc.volume_up

to maintain law and order/standards/a balance/controlvolume_up

major (adjective)

UK /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/US /ˈmeɪdʒər/

adjectiveA2

very large or importantvolume_up

a major roadvolume_up

majority (noun)

UK /məˈdʒɒrəti/US /məˈdʒɔːrəti/

nounB2

the largest part of a group of people or thingsvolume_up

The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.volume_up

make (verb)

UK /meɪk/US /meɪk/

nounB2

the name or type of a machine, piece of equipment, etc. that is made by a particular companyvolume_up

What make of car does he drive?volume_up

verbA1

to create or prepare something by combining materials or putting parts togethervolume_up

to make a table/dress/cakevolume_up

male (noun)

UK /meɪl/US /meɪl/

adjectiveA2

being a man or boyvolume_up

a male friend/colleague/partnervolume_up

nounA2

a male person, animal or plantvolume_up

The male of the species has a white tail.volume_up

mall (noun)

UK /mɔːl/US /mɔːl/

nounB1

a large building or covered area that has many shops, restaurants, etc. inside itvolume_up

Let's go to the mall.volume_up

man (noun)

UK /mæn/US /mæn/

nounA1

an adult male humanvolume_up

a good-looking young manvolume_up

manage (verb)

UK /ˈmænɪdʒ/US /ˈmænɪdʒ/

verbA2

to control or be in charge of a business, a team, an organization, land, etc.volume_up

to manage a business/factory/bank/hotel/soccer teamvolume_up

management (noun)

UK /ˈmænɪdʒmənt/US /ˈmænɪdʒmənt/

nounB1

the activity of running and controlling a business or similar organizationvolume_up

a career in managementvolume_up

manager (noun)

UK /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/US /ˈmænɪdʒər/

nounA2

a person who is in charge of running a business, a shop or a similar organization or part of onevolume_up

a bank/hotel managervolume_up

manner (noun)

UK /ˈmænə(r)/US /ˈmænər/

nounA2

behaviour that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culturevolume_up

to have good/bad mannersvolume_up

many (determiner, pronoun)

UK /ˈmeni/US /ˈmeni/

determinerA1

used with plural nouns and verbs, especially in negative sentences or in more formal English, to mean ‘a large number of’. Also used in questions to ask about the size of a number, and with ‘as’, ‘so’ and ‘too’.volume_up

We don't have very many copies left.volume_up

pronounA1

We don't have very many copies left.volume_up

map (verb)

UK /mæp/US /mæp/

nounA1

a drawing or plan of the earth’s surface or part of it, showing countries, towns, rivers, etc.volume_up

a map of Francevolume_up

verbB2

to make a map of an areavolume_up

an unexplored region that has not yet been mappedvolume_up

march (verb)

UK /mɑːtʃ/US /mɑːrtʃ/

nounA1

the 3rd month of the year, between February and Aprilvolume_up

She was born in March.volume_up

verbC1

to walk with stiff regular steps like a soldiervolume_up

Quick march! (= the order to start marching)volume_up

mark (verb)

UK /mɑːk/US /mɑːrk/

nounA2

a written or printed symbol that is used as a sign of something, for example the quality of something or who made or owns itvolume_up

punctuation marksvolume_up

verbA2

to write or draw a symbol, line, etc. on something in order to give information about itvolume_up

The flood level is marked by a white line on the wall.volume_up

market (verb)

UK /ˈmɑːkɪt/US /ˈmɑːrkɪt/

nounA1

an occasion when people buy and sell goods; the open area or building where they meet to do thisvolume_up

a fruit/flower/fish marketvolume_up

verbB1

to advertise a product in a particular way in order to make people want itvolume_up

The company utilizes every media tool available to market its products.volume_up

marketing (noun)

UK /ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ/US /ˈmɑːrkɪtɪŋ/

nounB1

the activity of presenting, advertising and selling a company’s products or services in the best possible wayvolume_up

a marketing campaign/strategyvolume_up

marriage (noun)

UK /ˈmærɪdʒ/US /ˈmærɪdʒ/

nounB1

the legal relationship between two people who are married to each othervolume_up

a happy/an unhappy marriagevolume_up

married (adjective)

UK /ˈmærid/US /ˈmærid/

adjectiveA1

having a husband or wifevolume_up

a married man/womanvolume_up

marry (verb)

UK /ˈmæri/US /ˈmæri/

verbA2

to become the husband or wife of somebody; to get married to somebodyvolume_up

She married a German.volume_up

mass (noun)

UK /mæs/US /mæs/

adjectiveB2

affecting or involving a large number of people or thingsvolume_up

The world faces the tremendous problem of mass unemployment.volume_up

nounB2

a large amount of a substance that does not have a definite shape or formvolume_up

She saw a large dark mass in the water.volume_up

massive (adjective)

UK /ˈmæsɪv/US /ˈmæsɪv/

adjectiveB2

very large, heavy and solidvolume_up

a massive rockvolume_up

master (verb)

UK /ˈmɑːstə(r)/US /ˈmæstər/

nounB2

a man who has people working for him, often as servants in his homevolume_up

They lived in fear of their master.volume_up

verbB2

to learn or understand something completelyvolume_up

She never completely mastered the art of lip-reading.volume_up

match (verb)

UK /mætʃ/US /mætʃ/

nounA1

a sports event where people or teams compete against each othervolume_up

(British English), a football matchvolume_up

verbA1

to find somebody/something that goes together with or is connected with another person or thingvolume_up

Match the words and pictures.volume_up

matching (adjective)

UK /ˈmætʃɪŋ/US /ˈmætʃɪŋ/

adjectiveB2

having the same colour, pattern, style, etc. and therefore looking attractive togethervolume_up

The two sisters wore matching outfits.volume_up

material (noun)

UK /məˈtɪəriəl/US /məˈtɪriəl/

adjectiveB2

connected with money, possessions, etc. rather than with the needs of the mind or spiritvolume_up

material possessions/wealthvolume_up

nounA2

a substance that things can be made fromvolume_up

building materials (= bricks, sand, glass, etc.)volume_up

mathematics (noun)

UK /ˌmæθəˈmætɪks/US /ˌmæθəˈmætɪks/

nounA2

the science of numbers and shapes. Branches of mathematics include arithmetic, algebra, geometry and trigonometry.volume_up

the school mathematics curriculumvolume_up

maths (noun)

UK /mæθs/US /mæθs/

nounA2

mathematics, especially as a subject in schoolvolume_up

The core subjects are English, maths and science.volume_up

matter (verb)

UK /ˈmætə(r)/US /ˈmætər/

nounA2

used (to ask) if somebody is upset, unhappy, etc. or if there is a problemvolume_up

What's the matter? Is there something wrong?volume_up

verbA2

to be important or have an important effect on somebody/somethingvolume_up

‘I'm afraid I forgot that book again.’ ‘It doesn't matter (= it is not important enough to worry about).’volume_up

maximum (noun)

UK /ˈmæksɪməm/US /ˈmæksɪməm/

adjectiveB2

as large, fast, etc. as is possible, or the most that is possible or allowedvolume_up

the maximum amount/number of somethingvolume_up

nounB2

the greatest amount, size, speed, etc. that is possible, recorded or allowedvolume_up

a maximum of 30 children in a classvolume_up

may (modal verb)

UK /meɪ/US /meɪ/

nounA1

the fifth month of the year, between April and Junevolume_up

She was born in May.volume_up

modal verbA2

used to say that something is possiblevolume_up

That may or may not be true.volume_up

maybe (adverb)

UK /ˈmeɪbi/US /ˈmeɪbi/

adverbA1

used when you are not certain that something will happen or that something is true or is a correct numbervolume_up

Maybe he'll come, maybe he won't.volume_up

me (pronoun)

UK /mi/US /mi/

pronounA1

the form of I that is used when the speaker or writer is the object of a verb or preposition, or after the verb bevolume_up

Don't hit me.volume_up

meal (noun)

UK /miːl/US /miːl/

nounA1

an occasion when people eat food, especially breakfast, lunch or dinnervolume_up

Try not to eat between meals.volume_up

mean (verb)

UK /miːn/US /miːn/

verbA1

to have something as a meaning in the same or another languagevolume_up

What does this sentence mean?volume_up

meaning (noun)

UK /ˈmiːnɪŋ/US /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

nounA1

the thing or idea that a sound, word, sign, etc. representsvolume_up

What's the meaning of this word?volume_up

means (noun)

UK /miːnz/US /miːnz/

nounB2

an action, an object or a system by which a result is achieved; a way of achieving or doing somethingvolume_up

Email is a highly effective means of communication.volume_up

meanwhile (adverb)

UK /ˈmiːnwaɪl/US /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

adverbB1

while something else is happeningvolume_up

Leave the cake to cool completely. Meanwhile, make the topping.volume_up

measure (verb)

UK /ˈmeʒə(r)/US /ˈmeʒər/

nounB1

an official action that is done in order to achieve a particular aimvolume_up

safety/austerity measuresvolume_up

verbB1

to find the size, quantity, etc. of something in standard unitsvolume_up

a device that measures the level of radiation in the atmospherevolume_up

measurement (noun)

UK /ˈmeʒəmənt/US /ˈmeʒərmənt/

nounB2

the act or the process of finding the size, quantity or degree of somethingvolume_up

the metric system of measurementvolume_up

meat (noun)

UK /miːt/US /miːt/

nounA1

the soft part of an animal or a bird that can be eaten as food; a particular type of thisvolume_up

a piece/slice of meatvolume_up

media (noun)

UK /ˈmiːdiə/US /ˈmiːdiə/

nounA2

the main ways that large numbers of people receive information and entertainment, that is television, radio, newspapers and the internetvolume_up

the national/international mediavolume_up

medical (adjective)

UK /ˈmedɪkl/US /ˈmedɪkl/

adjectiveA2

connected with illness and injury and their treatmentvolume_up

medical care/treatmentvolume_up

medicine (noun)

UK /ˈmedsn/US /ˈmedɪsn/

nounA2

the study and treatment of diseases and injuriesvolume_up

advances in modern medicinevolume_up

medium (noun)

UK /ˈmiːdiəm/US /ˈmiːdiəm/

adjectiveB1

in the middle between a larger and smaller size, amount, length, temperature, etc.volume_up

There are three sizes—small, medium and large.volume_up

nounB2

a way of communicating information, etc. to peoplevolume_up

the medium of radio/televisionvolume_up

meet (verb)

UK /miːt/US /miːt/

verbA1

to be in the same place as somebody by chance and talk to themvolume_up

Maybe we'll meet again some time.volume_up

meeting (noun)

UK /ˈmiːtɪŋ/US /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

nounA1

an occasion when people come together to discuss or decide somethingvolume_up

A hundred people attended the public meeting.volume_up

melt (verb)

UK /melt/US /melt/

verbB2

to become or make something become liquid as a result of heatingvolume_up

The snow showed no sign of melting.volume_up

member (noun)

UK /ˈmembə(r)/US /ˈmembər/

nounA1

a person, an animal or a plant that belongs to a particular groupvolume_up

a member of the family/communityvolume_up

memory (noun)

UK /ˈmeməri/US /ˈmeməri/

nounA2

your ability to remember thingsvolume_up

I have a bad memory for names.volume_up

mental (adjective)

UK /ˈmentl/US /ˈmentl/

adjectiveB1

connected with or happening in the mind; involving the process of thinkingvolume_up

the mental process of rememberingvolume_up

mention (verb)

UK /ˈmenʃn/US /ˈmenʃn/

nounB1

an act of referring to somebody/something in speech or writingvolume_up

He made no mention of her work.volume_up

verbA2

to write or speak about something/somebody, especially without giving much informationvolume_up

I won't mention it again.volume_up

menu (noun)

UK /ˈmenjuː/US /ˈmenjuː/

nounA1

a list of the food that is available at a restaurant or to be served at a mealvolume_up

May we have the menu?volume_up

mess (noun)

UK /mes/US /mes/

nounB1

a dirty or untidy statevolume_up

The room was in a mess.volume_up

message (noun)

UK /ˈmesɪdʒ/US /ˈmesɪdʒ/

nounA1

a written or spoken piece of information, etc. that you send to somebody or leave for somebody when you cannot speak to them yourselfvolume_up

There were no messages for me at the hotel.volume_up

metal (noun)

UK /ˈmetl/US /ˈmetl/

nounA2

a type of solid mineral substance that is usually hard and shiny and that heat and electricity can travel through, for example tin, iron and goldvolume_up

a piece/sheet of metalvolume_up

method (noun)

UK /ˈmeθəd/US /ˈmeθəd/

nounA2

a particular way of doing somethingvolume_up

Which method is the most effective?volume_up

metre (noun)

UK /ˈmiːtə(r)/US /ˈmiːtər/

nounA1

a unit for measuring length; a hundred centimetresvolume_up

a 50-metre swimming poolvolume_up

middle (noun)

UK /ˈmɪdl/US /ˈmɪdl/

adjectiveA2

in a position in the middle of an object, group of objects, people, etc.; between the beginning and the end of somethingvolume_up

Pens are kept in the middle drawer.volume_up

nounA2

the part of something that is at an equal distance from all its edges or sides; a point or a period of time between the beginning and the end of somethingvolume_up

in the middle, a lake with an island in the middlevolume_up

midnight (noun)

UK /ˈmɪdnaɪt/US /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

nounA1

12 o’clock at nightvolume_up

She heard the clock strike midnight.volume_up

might (modal verb)

UK /maɪt/US /maɪt/

modal verbA2

used when showing that something is or was possiblevolume_up

He might get there in time, but I can't be sure.volume_up

mild (adjective)

UK /maɪld/US /maɪld/

adjectiveB1

not severe or strongvolume_up

a mild form of the diseasevolume_up

mile (noun)

UK /maɪl/US /maɪl/

nounA1

a unit for measuring distance equal to 1 609 metres or 1 760 yardsvolume_up

a 20-mile drive to workvolume_up

military (noun)

UK /ˈmɪlətri/US /ˈmɪləteri/

adjectiveB2

connected with soldiers or the armed forcesvolume_up

We may have to take military action.volume_up

nounB2

soldiers; the armed forcesvolume_up

The military was/were called in to deal with the riot.volume_up

milk (noun)

UK /mɪlk/US /mɪlk/

nounA1

the white liquid produced by cows, goats and some other animals as food for their young and used as a drink by humansvolume_up

a pint/litre of milkvolume_up

million (number)

UK /ˈmɪljən/US /ˈmɪljən/

numberA1

1 000 000volume_up

a population of half a millionvolume_up

mind (verb)

UK /maɪnd/US /maɪnd/

nounA2

the part of a person that makes them able to be aware of things, to think and to feelvolume_up

the conscious/subconscious mindvolume_up

verbA2

to be upset, annoyed or worried by somethingvolume_up

I don't mind the cold—it's the rain I don't like.volume_up

mine (pronoun)

UK /maɪn/US /maɪn/

nounB1

a deep hole or holes under the ground where minerals such as coal, gold, etc. are dugvolume_up

a copper/diamond minevolume_up

pronounA2

of or belonging to the person writing or speakingvolume_up

That's mine.volume_up

mineral (noun)

UK /ˈmɪnərəl/US /ˈmɪnərəl/

nounB2

a substance that is naturally present in the earth and is not formed from animal or vegetable matter, for example gold and salt. Some minerals are also present in food and drink and in the human body and are essential for good health.volume_up

a country rich in mineral resourcesvolume_up

minimum (noun)

UK /ˈmɪnɪməm/US /ˈmɪnɪməm/

adjectiveB2

the smallest that is possible or allowed; extremely smallvolume_up

a minimum charge/pricevolume_up

nounB2

the smallest or lowest amount that is possible, required or recordedvolume_up

The class needs a minimum of six students to continue.volume_up

minister (noun)

UK /ˈmɪnɪstə(r)/US /ˈmɪnɪstər/

nounB2

a senior member of the government who is in charge of a government department or a branch of onevolume_up

the Minister of Educationvolume_up

minor (adjective)

UK /ˈmaɪnə(r)/US /ˈmaɪnər/

adjectiveB2

not very large, important or seriousvolume_up

The new plan involves widening a minor road through the valley.volume_up

minority (noun)

UK /maɪˈnɒrəti/US /maɪˈnɔːrəti/

nounB2

the smaller part of a group; less than half of the people or things in a large groupvolume_up

Only a small minority of students is/are interested in politics these days.volume_up

minute (noun)

UK /ˈmɪnɪt/US /ˈmɪnɪt/

adjectiveC1

extremely smallvolume_up

minute amounts of chemicals in the watervolume_up

nounA1

each of the 60 parts of an hour, that are equal to 60 secondsvolume_up

It's four minutes to six.volume_up

mirror (noun)

UK /ˈmɪrə(r)/US /ˈmɪrər/

nounA2

a piece of special flat glass that reflects images, so that you can see yourself when you look in itvolume_up

He looked at himself in the mirror.volume_up

miss (verb)

UK /mɪs/US /mɪs/

verbA1

to be or arrive too late for somethingvolume_up

If I don't leave now I'll miss my plane.volume_up

missing (adjective)

UK /ˈmɪsɪŋ/US /ˈmɪsɪŋ/

adjectiveA2

that cannot be found or that is not in its usual place; that has been removed, lost or destroyedvolume_up

I never found the missing piece.volume_up

mission (adjective)

UK /ɪmˈpɒsəbl/US /ɪmˈpɑːsəbl/

nounB2

that cannot exist or be done; not possiblevolume_up

almost/virtually/nearly impossiblevolume_up

mistake (verb)

UK /mɪˈsteɪk/US /mɪˈsteɪk/

nounA1

an action or an opinion that is not correct, or that produces a result that you did not wantvolume_up

It's easy to make a mistake.volume_up

verbB2

to not understand or judge somebody/something correctlyvolume_up

I admit that I mistook his intentions.volume_up

mix (verb)

UK /mɪks/US /mɪks/

nounB1

a combination of different people or thingsvolume_up

It's a school with a good social and ethnic mix of children.volume_up

verbB1

if two or more substances or things mix or you mix them, they combine, usually in a way that means they cannot easily be separatedvolume_up

Oil and water do not mix.volume_up

mixed (adjective)

UK /mɪkst/US /mɪkst/

adjectiveB2

consisting of different qualities or elementsvolume_up

a mixed dietvolume_up

mixture (noun)

UK /ˈmɪkstʃə(r)/US /ˈmɪkstʃər/

nounB1

a combination of different thingsvolume_up

She was a curious mixture, part grand lady, part wild child.volume_up

mobile (noun)

UK /ˈməʊbaɪl/US /ˈməʊbl/

adjectiveA2

connected with mobile phones, tablets, etc.volume_up

What's your mobile number?volume_up

nounA2

a mobile phonevolume_up

Call me on my mobile.volume_up

model (verb)

UK /ˈmɒdl/US /ˈmɑːdl/

nounA1

a copy of something, usually smaller than the original objectvolume_up

a working model (= one in which the parts move) of a fire enginevolume_up

verbB2

to create a copy or description of an activity, a situation, etc. so that you can study it before dealing with the real thingvolume_up

The program can model a typical home page for you.volume_up

modern (adjective)

UK /ˈmɒdn/US /ˈmɑːdərn/

adjectiveA1

of the present time or recent timesvolume_up

the modern industrial worldvolume_up

modify (verb)

UK /ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/US /ˈmɑːdɪfaɪ/

verbB2

to change something slightly, especially in order to make it more suitable for a particular purposevolume_up

Patients are taught how to modify their diet.volume_up

moment (noun)

UK /ˈməʊmənt/US /ˈməʊmənt/

nounA1

a very short period of timevolume_up

Could you wait a moment, please?volume_up

monday (noun)

UK /ˈmʌndeɪ/US /ˈmʌndeɪ/

nounA1

the day of the week after Sunday and before Tuesday, the first day of the working weekvolume_up

It's Monday today, isn't it?volume_up

money (noun)

UK /ˈmʌni/US /ˈmʌni/

nounA1

what you earn by working or selling things, and use to buy thingsvolume_up

to borrow/save/spend/earn moneyvolume_up

monitor (verb)

UK /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/US /ˈmɑːnɪtər/

nounB2

a screen that shows information from a computer; a television screen used to show particular kinds of informationvolume_up

The details of today's flights are displayed on the monitor.volume_up

verbB2

to watch and check something over a period of time in order to see how it develops, so that you can make any necessary changesvolume_up

Each student's progress is closely monitored.volume_up

monkey (noun)

UK /ˈmʌŋki/US /ˈmʌŋki/

nounA2

an animal with a long tail, that climbs trees and lives in hot countries. There are several types of monkey and they are related to apes and humans.volume_up

Like humans, apes and monkeys live in complex social groupings.volume_up

month (noun)

UK /mʌnθ/US /mʌnθ/

nounA1

any of the twelve periods of time into which the year is divided, for example May or Junevolume_up

The months of July and August are the hottest.volume_up

mood (noun)

UK /muːd/US /muːd/

nounB1

the way you are feeling at a particular timevolume_up

She's in a good mood today (= happy and friendly).volume_up

moon (noun)

UK /muːn/US /muːn/

nounA2

the round object that moves around the earth once every 27½ days and shines at night by light reflected from the sunvolume_up

the surface of the moonvolume_up

moral (noun)

UK /ˈmɒrəl/US /ˈmɔːrəl/

adjectiveB2

connected with principles of right and wrong behaviourvolume_up

a moral issue/dilemmavolume_up

nounB2

standards or principles of good behaviour, especially in matters of sexual relationshipsvolume_up

Young people these days have no morals.volume_up

more (determiner, pronoun)

UK /ˈmeni/US /ˈmeni/

adverbA1

used to form the comparative of most adjectives and adverbs with two or more syllablesvolume_up

She was far more intelligent than her sister.volume_up

determinerA1

a larger number or amount ofvolume_up

I want some more!volume_up

pronounA1

We don't have very many copies left.volume_up

morning (noun)

UK /ˈmɔːnɪŋ/US /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

nounA1

the early part of the day from the time when people wake up until 12 o'clock in the middle of the day or before lunchvolume_up

They left for Spain early this morning.volume_up

most (determiner, pronoun)

UK /ˈmeni/US /ˈmeni/

adverbA1

used to form the superlative of most adjectives and adverbs of two or more syllablesvolume_up

the most boring/beautiful partvolume_up

determinerA1

the largest in number or amountvolume_up

Who do you think will get (the) most votes?volume_up

pronounA1

We don't have very many copies left.volume_up

mostly (adverb)

UK /ˈməʊstli/US /ˈməʊstli/

adverbA2

mainly; generallyvolume_up

The sauce is mostly cream.volume_up

mother (noun)

UK /ˈmʌðə(r)/US /ˈmʌðər/

nounA1

a female parent of a child or animal; a person who is acting as a mother to a childvolume_up

I want to buy a present for my mother and father.volume_up

motor (noun)

UK /ˈməʊtə(r)/US /ˈməʊtər/

adjectiveB2

having an engine; using the power of an enginevolume_up

The street is closed to motor vehicles.volume_up

nounB2

a device that uses electricity, petrol, etc. to produce movement and makes a machine, a vehicle, a boat, etc. workvolume_up

An electric motor is used to pump the water.volume_up

motorcycle (noun)

UK /ˈməʊtəsaɪkl/US /ˈməʊtərsaɪkl/

nounA2

a road vehicle with two wheels, driven by an engine, with one seat for the driver and often a seat for a passenger behind the drivervolume_up

He never learned to ride a motorcycle or to drive a car.volume_up

mount (verb)

UK /maʊnt/US /maʊnt/

verbB2

to organize and begin somethingvolume_up

Residents mounted a campaign to fight the plans.volume_up

mountain (noun)

UK /ˈmaʊntən/US /ˈmaʊntn/

nounA1

a very high hill, often with rocks near the topvolume_up

the mountains of Andalusiavolume_up

mouse (noun)

UK /maʊs/US /maʊs/

nounA1

a small animal that is covered in fur and has a long thin tail. Mice live in fields, in people’s houses or where food is stored.volume_up

a house mousevolume_up

mouth (noun)

UK /maʊθ/US /maʊθ/

nounA1

the opening in the face used for speaking, eating, etc.; the area inside the head behind this openingvolume_up

She opened her mouth to say something.volume_up

move (verb)

UK /muːv/US /muːv/

nounB1

a change of place or positionvolume_up

Don't make a move!volume_up

verbA1

to change position or make somebody/something change position in a way that can be seen, heard or feltvolume_up

Don't move—stay perfectly still.volume_up

movement (noun)

UK /ˈmuːvmənt/US /ˈmuːvmənt/

nounA2

an act of moving the body or part of the bodyvolume_up

hand/eye movementsvolume_up

movie (noun)

UK /ˈmuːvi/US /ˈmuːvi/

nounA1

a series of moving pictures recorded with sound that tells a story, watched at a movie theater or on a television or other devicevolume_up

You'll love this movie.volume_up

much (determiner, pronoun)

UK /ˈmeni/US /ˈmeni/

adverbA1

to a great degreevolume_up

Thank you very much for the flowers.volume_up

determinerA1

used with uncountable nouns, especially in negative sentences to mean ‘a large amount of something’, or after ‘how’ to ask about the amount of something. It is also used with ‘as’, ‘so’ and ‘too’.volume_up

I don't have much money with me.volume_up

pronounA1

We don't have very many copies left.volume_up

mud (noun)

UK /mʌd/US /mʌd/

nounB1

wet earth that is soft and stickyvolume_up

The car wheels got stuck in the mud.volume_up

multiple (adjective)

UK /ˈmʌltɪpl/US /ˈmʌltɪpl/

adjectiveB2

many in number; involving many different people or thingsvolume_up

The shape appears multiple times within each painting.volume_up

multiply (verb)

UK /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/US /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/

verbB2

to add a number to itself a particular number of timesvolume_up

The children are already learning to multiply and divide.volume_up

mum (noun)

UK /mʌm/US /mʌm/

nounA1

a mothervolume_up

Call your mum.volume_up

murder (verb)

UK /ˈmɜːdə(r)/US /ˈmɜːrdər/

nounB1

the crime of killing somebody deliberatelyvolume_up

He was found guilty of murder.volume_up

verbB1

to kill somebody deliberately and illegallyvolume_up

He denies murdering his wife's lover.volume_up

muscle (noun)

UK /ˈmʌsl/US /ˈmʌsl/

nounB1

a piece of body tissue that you make tight and relax in order to move a particular part of the body; the tissue that forms the muscles of the bodyvolume_up

a calf/neck/thigh musclevolume_up

museum (noun)

UK /mjuˈziːəm/US /mjuˈziːəm/

nounA1

a building in which objects of artistic, cultural, historical or scientific interest are kept and shown to the publicvolume_up

a museum of modern artvolume_up

music (noun)

UK /ˈmjuːzɪk/US /ˈmjuːzɪk/

nounA1

sounds that are arranged in a way that is pleasant or exciting to listen to. People sing music or play it on instruments.volume_up

I like any kind of pop or dance music.volume_up

musical (noun)

UK /ˈmjuːzɪkl/US /ˈmjuːzɪkl/

adjectiveA2

connected with music; containing musicvolume_up

musical styles/tastesvolume_up

nounB1

a play or film in which part or all of the story is told using songs and often dancingvolume_up

a Broadway/Hollywood musicalvolume_up

musician (noun)

UK /mjuˈzɪʃn/US /mjuˈzɪʃn/

nounA2

a person who plays a musical instrument or writes music, especially as a jobvolume_up

a jazz/rock/classical musicianvolume_up

must (modal verb)

UK /məst/US /məst/

modal verbA1

used to say that something is necessary or very important (sometimes involving a rule or a law)volume_up

All visitors must report to reception.volume_up

my (determiner)

UK /maɪ/US /maɪ/

determinerA1

of or belonging to the speaker or writervolume_up

Where's my passport?volume_up

myself (pronoun)

UK /maɪˈself/US /maɪˈself/

pronounA2

used when the speaker or writer is also the person affected by an actionvolume_up

I cut myself on a knife.volume_up

mysterious (adjective)

UK /mɪˈstɪəriəs/US /mɪˈstɪriəs/

adjectiveB2

difficult to understand or explain; strangevolume_up

He died in mysterious circumstances.volume_up

mystery (noun)

UK /ˈmɪstri/US /ˈmɪstəri/

nounB1

something that is difficult to understand or to explainvolume_up

It is one of the great unsolved mysteries of this century.volume_up

nail (noun)

UK /neɪl/US /neɪl/

nounB1

the thin hard layer covering the outer tip of the fingers or toesvolume_up

Stop biting your nails!volume_up

name (verb)

UK /neɪm/US /neɪm/

nounA1

a word or words that a particular person, animal, place or thing is known byvolume_up

What's your name?volume_up

verbA1

to give a name to somebody/somethingvolume_up

He was named after his father (= given his father's first name).volume_up

narrative (noun)

UK /ˈnærətɪv/US /ˈnærətɪv/

adjectiveB1

describing events or telling a storyvolume_up

narrative fictionvolume_up

nounB1

a description of eventsvolume_up

a gripping narrative of their journey up the Amazonvolume_up

narrow (verb)

UK /ˈnærəʊ/US /ˈnærəʊ/

adjectiveA2

measuring a short distance from one side to the other, especially in relation to lengthvolume_up

Stray dogs wander the steep narrow lanes of the old town.volume_up

verbB2

to become or make something less widevolume_up

This is where the river narrows.volume_up

nation (noun)

UK /ˈneɪʃn/US /ˈneɪʃn/

nounB1

a country considered as a group of people with the same language, culture and history, who live in a particular area under one governmentvolume_up

European/Arab/Asian nationsvolume_up

national (noun)

UK /ˈnæʃnəl/US /ˈnæʃnəl/

adjectiveA2

connected with a particular nation; shared by a whole nationvolume_up

Decide whether it would be better to advertise in a national or a local newspaper.volume_up

nounB2

a citizen of a particular countryvolume_up

Polish nationals living in Germanyvolume_up

native (noun)

UK /ˈneɪtɪv/US /ˈneɪtɪv/

adjectiveB1

connected with the place where you were born and lived for the first years of your lifevolume_up

your native land/country/cityvolume_up

nounB1

a person who was born in a particular country or areavolume_up

a native of New Yorkvolume_up

natural (adjective)

UK /ˈnætʃrəl/US /ˈnætʃrəl/

adjectiveA1

existing in nature; not made or caused by humansvolume_up

the natural world (= of trees, rivers, animals and birds)volume_up

naturally (adverb)

UK /ˈnætʃrəli/US /ˈnætʃrəli/

adverbB1

in a way that you would expectvolume_up

I get upset when things go wrong.volume_up

nature (noun)

UK /ˈneɪtʃə(r)/US /ˈneɪtʃər/

nounA2

all the plants, animals and things that exist in the universe that are not made by peoplevolume_up

Take time to appreciate the beauties of nature.volume_up

near (preposition)

UK /nɪə(r)/US /nɪr/

adjectiveA1

a short distance awayvolume_up

His house is very near.volume_up

adverbA1

at a short distance awayvolume_up

A bomb exploded somewhere near.volume_up

prepositionA1

at a short distance away from somebody/somethingvolume_up

Do you live near here?volume_up

nearly (adverb)

UK /ˈnɪəli/US /ˈnɪrli/

adverbA2

almost; not quite; not completelyvolume_up

The bottle's nearly empty.volume_up

neat (adjective)

UK /niːt/US /niːt/

adjectiveB2

tidy and in order; carefully done or arrangedvolume_up

She kept her desk extremely neat.volume_up

necessarily (adverb)

UK /ˌnesəˈserəli/US /ˌnesəˈserəli/

adverbB1

used to say that something cannot be avoidedvolume_up

The number of places available is necessarily limited.volume_up

necessary (adjective)

UK /ˈnesəsəri/US /ˈnesəseri/

adjectiveA2

that is needed for a purpose or a reasonvolume_up

It may be necessary to buy a new one.volume_up

neck (noun)

UK /nek/US /nek/

nounA2

the part of the body between the head and the shouldersvolume_up

He tied a scarf around his neck.volume_up

need (modal verb)

UK /niːd/US /niːd/

nounA2

a situation when something is necessary or must be donevolume_up

to satisfy/meet/fulfil a needvolume_up

verbA1

to require something/somebody because they are essential or very important, not just because you would like to have themvolume_up

Do you need any help?volume_up

modal verbB1

used to state that something is/was not necessary or that only very little is/was necessary; used to ask if something is/was necessaryvolume_up

You needn't bother asking Rick—I know he's too busy.volume_up

needle (noun)

UK /ˈniːdl/US /ˈniːdl/

nounB1

a small thin piece of steel that you use for sewing, with a point at one end and a hole for the thread at the othervolume_up

a needle and threadvolume_up

negative (noun)

UK /ˈneɡətɪv/US /ˈneɡətɪv/

adjectiveA1

bad or harmfulvolume_up

The crisis had a negative effect on trade.volume_up

nounB2

a word or statement that means ‘no’; an act of refusing to do something or of denying somethingvolume_up

She answered in the negative (= said ‘no’).volume_up

neighbour (noun)

UK /ˈneɪbə(r)/US /ˈneɪbər/

nounA1

a person who lives next to you or near youvolume_up

We've had a lot of support from all our friends and neighbours.volume_up

neighbourhood (noun)

UK /ˈneɪbəhʊd/US /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

nounB1

a district or an area of a town; the people who live therevolume_up

We grew up in the same neighbourhood.volume_up

neither (determiner, pronoun)

UK /ˈnaɪðə(r)/US /ˈniːðər/

adverbB1

used to show that a negative statement is also true of somebody/something elsevolume_up

He didn't remember and neither did I.volume_up

determinerA2

not one nor the other of two things or peoplevolume_up

Neither answer is correct.volume_up

pronounA2

not one nor the other of two things or peoplevolume_up

Neither answer is correct.volume_up

nerve (noun)

UK /nɜːv/US /nɜːrv/

nounB2

any of the long fibres that carry messages between the brain and parts of the body, enabling you to move, feel pain, etc.volume_up

the optic nervevolume_up

nervous (adjective)

UK /ˈnɜːvəs/US /ˈnɜːrvəs/

adjectiveA2

anxious about something or afraid of somethingvolume_up

I felt really nervous before the interview.volume_up

net (noun)

UK /net/US /net/

adjectiveC1

a net amount of money is the amount that remains when nothing more is to be taken awayvolume_up

a net profit of £500volume_up

nounB1

material that is made of string, thread or wire twisted or tied together, with small spaces in between; a piece of this material used for a particular purposevolume_up

Unfortunately the animals are often caught in fishing nets.volume_up

network (noun)

UK /ˈnetwɜːk/US /ˈnetwɜːrk/

nounA2

a complicated system of roads, lines, tubes, nerves, etc. that are connected to each other and operate togethervolume_up

a rail/road/canal networkvolume_up

never (adverb)

UK /ˈnevə(r)/US /ˈnevər/

adverbA1

not at any time; not on any occasionvolume_up

You never help me.volume_up

nevertheless (adverb)

UK /ˌnevəðəˈles/US /ˌnevərðəˈles/

adverbB2

despite something that you have just mentionedvolume_up

There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try.volume_up

new (adjective)

UK /njuː/US /nuː/

adjectiveA1

not existing before; recently made, invented, introduced, etc.volume_up

Have you read her new novel?volume_up

news (noun)

UK /njuːz/US /nuːz/

nounA1

new information about something that has happened recentlyvolume_up

What's the latest news?volume_up

newspaper (noun)

UK /ˈnjuːzpeɪpə(r)/US /ˈnuːzpeɪpər/

nounA1

a set of large printed sheets of paper, or a website, containing news, articles, advertisements, etc. and published every day or every week; the organization responsible for producing thisvolume_up

a daily/weekly newspapervolume_up

next (noun)

UK /nekst/US /nekst/

adjectiveA1

coming straight after somebody/something in time, order or spacevolume_up

The next train to Baltimore is at ten.volume_up

adverbA1

after something else; then; afterwardsvolume_up

What happened next?volume_up

nounB1

a person or thing that is nextvolume_up

One moment he wasn't there, the next he was.volume_up

next to (preposition)

UK /ˈnekst tə/US /ˈnekst tə/

prepositionA1

in or into a position right by somebody/somethingvolume_up

We sat next to each other.volume_up

nice (adjective)

UK /naɪs/US /naɪs/

adjectiveA1

pleasant or attractivevolume_up

a nice day/smile/placevolume_up

night (noun)

UK /naɪt/US /naɪt/

nounA1

the time between one day and the next when it is dark, when people usually sleepvolume_up

These animals only come out at night.volume_up

nightmare (noun)

UK /ˈnaɪtmeə(r)/US /ˈnaɪtmer/

nounB2

a dream that is very frightening or unpleasantvolume_up

He still has nightmares about the accident.volume_up

nine (number)

UK /naɪn/US /naɪn/

numberA1

9volume_up

There are only nine of these rare animals left.volume_up

nineteen (number)

UK /ˌnaɪnˈtiːn/US /ˌnaɪnˈtiːn/

ninety (number)

UK /ˈnaɪnti/US /ˈnaɪnti/

numberA1

90volume_up

The temperature must be in the nineties today.volume_up

no (exclamation)

UK /nəʊ/US /nəʊ/

determinerA1

not one; not any; not avolume_up

No student is to leave the room.volume_up

exclamationA1

used to give a negative reply or statementvolume_up

Just say yes or no.volume_up

nobody (pronoun)

UK /ˈnəʊbədi/US /ˈnəʊbədi/

pronounA1

not anyone; no personvolume_up

Nobody knew what to say.volume_up

noise (noun)

UK /nɔɪz/US /nɔɪz/

nounA2

a sound, especially when it is loud, unpleasant or frighteningvolume_up

There was a rattling noise coming from the back of the car.volume_up

noisy (adjective)

UK /ˈnɔɪzi/US /ˈnɔɪzi/

adjectiveA2

making a lot of noisevolume_up

noisy children/traffic/crowdsvolume_up

none (pronoun)

UK /nʌn/US /nʌn/

pronounA2

not one of a group of people or things; not anyvolume_up

None of these pens works/work.volume_up

no one (pronoun)

UK /ˈnəʊ wʌn/US /ˈnəʊ wʌn/

pronounA1

not anyone; no personvolume_up

No one was at home.volume_up

nor (conjunction, adverb)

UK /nɔː(r)/US /nɔːr/

adverbB1

and notvolume_up

She seemed neither surprised nor worried.volume_up

conjunctionB1

and notvolume_up

She seemed neither surprised nor worried.volume_up

normal (noun)

UK /ˈnɔːml/US /ˈnɔːrml/

adjectiveA2

typical, usual or ordinary; what you would expectvolume_up

quite/perfectly (= completely) normalvolume_up

nounB1

the usual or average state, level or standardvolume_up

The rainfall has been above normal for the time of year.volume_up

normally (adverb)

UK /ˈnɔːməli/US /ˈnɔːrməli/

adverbA2

usually; in normal circumstancesvolume_up

I would never normally discuss this.volume_up

north (noun)

UK /nɔːθ/US /nɔːrθ/

adjectiveA1

in or towards the northvolume_up

North Londonvolume_up

adverbA1

towards the northvolume_up

The house faces north.volume_up

nounA1

the direction that is on your left when you watch the sun rise; one of the four main points of the compassvolume_up

Which way is north?volume_up

northern (adjective)

UK /ˈnɔːðən/US /ˈnɔːrðərn/

adjectiveB1

located in the north or facing north; connected with or typical of the north part of the world or a regionvolume_up

the northern slopes of the mountainsvolume_up

nose (noun)

UK /nəʊz/US /nəʊz/

nounA1

the part of the face that sticks out above the mouth, used for breathing and smelling thingsvolume_up

She had dark eyes and a long narrow nose.volume_up

not (adverb)

UK /nɒt/US /nɑːt/

adverbA1

used with be, do or have to form the negative of verbs; used to form the negative of modal verbs like can or mustvolume_up

She did not/didn’t see him.volume_up

note (verb)

UK /nəʊt/US /nəʊt/

nounA1

a short piece of writing to help you remember somethingvolume_up

Please make a note of the dates.volume_up

verbB1

to notice or pay careful attention to somethingvolume_up

Note the fine early Baroque altar inside the chapel.volume_up

nothing (pronoun)

UK /ˈnʌθɪŋ/US /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

pronounA1

not anything; no single thingvolume_up

There was nothing in her bag.volume_up

notice (verb)

UK /ˈnəʊtɪs/US /ˈnəʊtɪs/

nounA2

a sheet of paper giving written or printed information, usually put in a public placevolume_up

There was a notice on the board saying the class had been cancelled.volume_up

verbA2

to see or hear somebody/something; to become aware of somebody/somethingvolume_up

People were making fun of him but he didn't seem to notice.volume_up

notion (noun)

UK /ˈnəʊʃn/US /ˈnəʊʃn/

nounB2

an idea, a belief or an understanding of somethingvolume_up

a political system based on the notions of equality and libertyvolume_up

novel (noun)

UK /ˈnɒvl/US /ˈnɑːvl/

adjectiveC1

different from anything known before; new, interesting and often seeming slightly strangevolume_up

a novel featurevolume_up

nounA2

a story long enough to fill a complete book, in which the characters and events are usually imaginaryvolume_up

to write/publish/read a novelvolume_up

november (noun)

UK /nəʊˈvembə(r)/US /nəʊˈvembər/

nounA1

the 11th month of the year, between October and Decembervolume_up

She was born in November.volume_up

now (conjunction)

UK /naʊ/US /naʊ/

adverbA1

(at) the present timevolume_up

Where are you living now?volume_up

conjunctionB1

because the thing mentioned is happening or has just happenedvolume_up

Now that the kids have left home we've got a lot of extra space.volume_up

nowhere (adverb)

UK /ˈnəʊweə(r)/US /ˈnəʊwer/

adverbA2

not in or to any placevolume_up

I had nowhere to live, so I was sleeping on my sister's couch.volume_up

nuclear (adjective)

UK /ˈnjuːkliə(r)/US /ˈnuːkliər/

adjectiveB1

using, producing or resulting from nuclear energyvolume_up

a nuclear power plant/stationvolume_up

number (verb)

UK /ˈnʌmbə(r)/US /ˈnʌmbər/

nounA1

a word or symbol that represents an amount or a quantityvolume_up

Think of a number and multiply it by two.volume_up

verbA2

to give a number to something as part of a series or listvolume_up

All the seats in the stadium are numbered.volume_up

numerous (adjective)

UK /ˈnjuːmərəs/US /ˈnuːmərəs/

adjectiveB2

existing in large numbersvolume_up

He has been late on numerous occasions.volume_up

nurse (noun)

UK /nɜːs/US /nɜːrs/

nounA1

a person whose job is to take care of sick or injured people, usually in a hospitalvolume_up

a registered nursevolume_up

nut (noun)

UK /nʌt/US /nʌt/

nounA2

a small hard fruit with a very hard shell that grows on some treesvolume_up

to crack a nut (= open it)volume_up

obey (verb)

UK /əˈbeɪ/US /əˈbeɪ/

verbB2

to do what you are told or expected to dovolume_up

to obey a command/an order/rules/the lawvolume_up

object (verb)

UK /əbˈdʒekt/US /əbˈdʒekt/

nounA1

a thing that can be seen and touched, but is not alivevolume_up

everyday objects such as cups and saucersvolume_up

verbB2

to say that you disagree with or oppose somethingvolume_up

If nobody objects, we'll postpone the meeting till next week.volume_up

objective (noun)

UK /əbˈdʒektɪv/US /əbˈdʒektɪv/

adjectiveB2

not influenced by personal feelings or opinions; considering only factsvolume_up

an objective assessment of the situationvolume_up

nounB2

something that you are trying to achievevolume_up

the primary/principal/key objectivevolume_up

obligation (noun)

UK /ˌɒblɪˈɡeɪʃn/US /ˌɑːblɪˈɡeɪʃn/

nounB2

the state of being forced to do something because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc.volume_up

You are under no obligation to buy anything.volume_up

observation (noun)

UK /ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃn/US /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃn/

nounB2

the act of watching somebody/something carefully for a period of time, especially to learn somethingvolume_up

Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals' behaviour.volume_up

observe (verb)

UK /əbˈzɜːv/US /əbˈzɜːrv/

verbB2

to see or notice somebody/somethingvolume_up

Have you observed any changes lately?volume_up

obtain (verb)

UK /əbˈteɪn/US /əbˈteɪn/

verbB2

to get something, especially by making an effortvolume_up

to obtain information/data/resultsvolume_up

obvious (adjective)

UK /ˈɒbviəs/US /ˈɑːbviəs/

adjectiveB1

easy to see or understandvolume_up

I know you don't like her but try not to make it so obvious.volume_up

obviously (adverb)

UK /ˈɒbviəsli/US /ˈɑːbviəsli/

adverbB1

used when giving information that you expect other people to know already or agree withvolume_up

Obviously, we don't want to spend too much money.volume_up

occasion (noun)

UK /əˈkeɪʒn/US /əˈkeɪʒn/

nounB1

a particular time when something happensvolume_up

on an occasion, on this/that occasionvolume_up

occasionally (adverb)

UK /əˈkeɪʒnəli/US /əˈkeɪʒnəli/

adverbB2

sometimes but not oftenvolume_up

We occasionally meet for a drink after work.volume_up

occur (verb)

UK /əˈkɜː(r)/US /əˈkɜːr/

verbB1

to happenvolume_up

When exactly did the incident occur?volume_up

ocean (noun)

UK /ˈəʊʃn/US /ˈəʊʃn/

nounA2

the mass of salt water that covers most of the earth’s surfacevolume_up

The ship was dredged from the depths of the ocean.volume_up

o'clock (adverb)

UK /əˈklɒk/US /əˈklɑːk/

adverbA1

used with the numbers 1 to 12 when telling the time, to mean an exact hourvolume_up

He left between five and six o'clock.volume_up

october (noun)

UK /ɒkˈtəʊbə(r)/US /ɑːkˈtəʊbər/

nounA1

the 10th month of the year, between September and Novembervolume_up

She was born in October.volume_up

odd (adjective)

UK /ɒd/US /ɑːd/

adjectiveB1

strange or unusualvolume_up

They're very odd people.volume_up

of (preposition)

UK /əv/US /əv/

prepositionA1

belonging to somebody; relating to somebodyvolume_up

a friend of minevolume_up

off (preposition)

UK /ɒf/US /ɔːf/

adverbA1

used to say that something has been removed or become separatedvolume_up

He's had his beard shaved off.volume_up

prepositionA1

down or away from a place or at a distance in space or timevolume_up

I fell off the ladder.volume_up

offence (noun)

UK /əˈfens/US /əˈfens/

nounB2

an illegal actvolume_up

a criminal/serious/minor/sexual offencevolume_up

offend (verb)

UK /əˈfend/US /əˈfend/

verbB2

to make somebody feel upset because of something you say or do that is rude or embarrassingvolume_up

They'll be offended if you don't go to their wedding.volume_up

offensive (adjective)

UK /əˈfensɪv/US /əˈfensɪv/

adjectiveB2

rude in a way that causes somebody to feel upset or annoyed because it shows a lack of respectvolume_up

offensive remarksvolume_up

offer (verb)

UK /ˈɒfə(r)/US /ˈɔːfər/

nounA2

an act of saying that you are willing to do something for somebody or give something to somebodyvolume_up

to receive a job offervolume_up

verbA2

to say that you are willing to give something to somebodyvolume_up

Josie had offered her services as a guide.volume_up

office (noun)

UK /ˈɒfɪs/US /ˈɑːfɪs/

nounA1

a room, set of rooms or building where people work, usually sitting at desksvolume_up

The company is moving to new offices on the other side of town.volume_up

officer (noun)

UK /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/US /ˈɑːfɪsər/

nounA2

a person who is in a position of authority in the armed forcesvolume_up

army/military/naval officersvolume_up

official (noun)

UK /əˈfɪʃl/US /əˈfɪʃl/

adjectiveB1

agreed to, said, done, etc. by somebody who is in a position of authorityvolume_up

an official announcement/decision/statementvolume_up

nounB2

a person who is in a position of authority in a large organizationvolume_up

She is the government official in charge of the project.volume_up

often (adverb)

UK /ˈɒfn/US /ˈɔːfn/

adverbA1

many timesvolume_up

We often go there.volume_up

oh (exclamation)

UK /əʊ/US /əʊ/

exclamationA1

used when you are reacting to something that has been said, especially if you did not know it beforevolume_up

‘I saw Ben yesterday.’ ‘Oh yes, how is he?’volume_up

oil (noun)

UK /ɔɪl/US /ɔɪl/

nounA2

a thick liquid that is found in rock undergroundvolume_up

Several companies are drilling for oil in the region.volume_up

ok (exclamation)

UK /əʊˈkeɪ/US /əʊˈkeɪ/

adjectiveA1

safe and well; in a calm or happy statevolume_up

Are you OK?volume_up

adverbA1

safe and well; in a calm or happy statevolume_up

Are you OK?volume_up

exclamationA1

yes; all rightvolume_up

‘Shall we go for a walk?’ ‘OK.’volume_up

old (adjective)

UK /əʊld/US /əʊld/

adjectiveA1

of a particular agevolume_up

The baby was only a few hours old.volume_up

old-fashioned (adjective)

UK /ˌəʊld ˈfæʃnd/US /ˌəʊld ˈfæʃnd/

adjectiveB1

not modern; no longer fashionablevolume_up

old-fashioned clothes/styles/methods/equipmentvolume_up

on (preposition)

UK /ɒn/US /ɑːn/

adverbA1

on somebody’s body; being wornvolume_up

Put your coat on.volume_up

prepositionA1

in or into a position covering, touching or forming part of a surfacevolume_up

a picture on a wallvolume_up

once (conjunction)

UK /wʌns/US /wʌns/

adverbA1

on one occasion only; one timevolume_up

I've only been there once.volume_up

conjunctionB1

as soon as; whenvolume_up

We didn't know how we would cope once the money had gone.volume_up

one (pronoun)

UK /wʌn/US /wʌn/

determinerA1

the number 1volume_up

Do you want one or two?volume_up

numberA1

the number 1volume_up

Do you want one or two?volume_up

pronounA1

used to avoid repeating a noun, when you are referring to somebody/something that has already been mentioned, or that the person you are speaking to knows aboutvolume_up

I'd like an ice cream. Are you having one, too?volume_up

onion (noun)

UK /ˈʌnjən/US /ˈʌnjən/

nounA1

a round vegetable with many layers inside each other and a brown, red or white skin. Onions have a strong smell and taste.volume_up

Chop the onions finely.volume_up

online (adverb)

UK /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/US /ˌɑːnˈlaɪn/

adjectiveA1

available on or done using the internet or other computer networkvolume_up

Online shopping is both cheap and convenient.volume_up

adverbA1

onto the internet; using the internet or other computer networkvolume_up

Many children would rather go online than watch television.volume_up

only (adverb)

UK /ˈəʊnli/US /ˈəʊnli/

adjectiveA1

used to say that no other or others of the same group exist or are therevolume_up

She's their only daughter.volume_up

adverbA1

nobody or nothing exceptvolume_up

There are only a limited number of tickets available.volume_up

onto (preposition)

UK /ˈɒntə/US /ˈɑːntə/

prepositionA2

used with verbs to express movement on or to a particular place or positionvolume_up

Move the books onto the second shelf.volume_up

open (verb)

UK /ˈəʊpən/US /ˈəʊpən/

adjectiveA1

allowing things or people to go through; not closed or blockedvolume_up

A wasp flew in the open window.volume_up

verbA1

to move a door, window, lid, etc. into a position that is no longer closed; to get into this positionvolume_up

Mr Chen opened the car door for his wife.volume_up

opening (noun)

UK /ˈəʊpənɪŋ/US /ˈəʊpənɪŋ/

nounB2

a space or hole that somebody/something can pass throughvolume_up

We could see the stars through an opening in the roof.volume_up

operate (verb)

UK /ˈɒpəreɪt/US /ˈɑːpəreɪt/

verbB2

to work in a particular wayvolume_up

Most domestic freezers operate at below −18°C.volume_up

operation (noun)

UK /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn/US /ˌɑːpəˈreɪʃn/

nounB1

the process of cutting open a part of a person’s body in order to remove or repair a damaged partvolume_up

Will I need to have an operation?volume_up

opinion (noun)

UK /əˈpɪnjən/US /əˈpɪnjən/

nounA1

your feelings or thoughts about somebody/something, rather than a factvolume_up

He has very strong political opinions.volume_up

opponent (noun)

UK /əˈpəʊnənt/US /əˈpəʊnənt/

nounB2

a person that you are playing or fighting against in a game, competition, argument, etc.volume_up

a political opponentvolume_up

opportunity (noun)

UK /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/US /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

nounA2

a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve somethingvolume_up

Don't miss this opportunity!volume_up

oppose (verb)

UK /əˈpəʊz/US /əˈpəʊz/

verbB2

to disagree strongly with somebody’s plan, policy, etc. and try to change it or prevent it from succeedingvolume_up

This party would bitterly oppose the re-introduction of the death penalty.volume_up

opposed (adjective)

UK /əˈpəʊzd/US /əˈpəʊzd/

adjectiveB2

disagreeing strongly with something and trying to stop itvolume_up

He was strongly opposed to modernism in art.volume_up

opposite (preposition)

UK /ˈɒpəzɪt/US /ˈɑːpəzɪt/

adjectiveA1

on the other side of a particular area from somebody/something and usually facing themvolume_up

Answers are given on the opposite page.volume_up

adverbA1

on the other side of a particular area from somebody/something and usually facing themvolume_up

There's a newly married couple living opposite (= on the other side of the road).volume_up

nounA1

a person or thing that is as different as possible from somebody/something elsevolume_up

Hot and cold are opposites.volume_up

prepositionA1

on the other side of a particular area from somebody/something, and usually facing themvolume_up

I sat opposite him during the meal (= on the other side of the table).volume_up

opposition (noun)

UK /ˌɒpəˈzɪʃn/US /ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃn/

nounB2

the act of strongly disagreeing with somebody/something, especially with the aim of preventing something from happeningvolume_up

Opposition came primarily from students.volume_up

option (noun)

UK /ˈɒpʃn/US /ˈɑːpʃn/

nounA2

something that you can choose to have or do; the freedom to choose what you dovolume_up

As I see it, we have two options…volume_up

or (conjunction)

UK /ɔː(r)/US /ɔːr/

conjunctionA1

used to introduce another possibilityvolume_up

Is your sister older or younger than you?volume_up

orange (noun)

UK /ˈɒrɪndʒ/US /ˈɔːrɪndʒ/

adjectiveA1

between red and yellow in colourvolume_up

yellow and orange flamesvolume_up

nounA1

a round citrus fruit with thick skin of a colour between red and yellow and a lot of sweet juicevolume_up

orange peel/zest/rindvolume_up

order (verb)

UK /ˈɔːdə(r)/US /ˈɔːrdər/

nounA1

the way in which people or things are placed or arranged in relation to each othervolume_up

The names are listed in alphabetical order.volume_up

verbA1

to ask for something to eat or drink in a restaurant, bar, etc.volume_up

I ordered a coffee and a sandwich.volume_up

ordinary (adjective)

UK /ˈɔːdnri/US /ˈɔːrdneri/

adjectiveA2

not unusual or different in any wayvolume_up

an ordinary sort of dayvolume_up

organ (noun)

UK /ˈɔːɡən/US /ˈɔːrɡən/

nounB2

a part of the body that has a particular purpose, such as the heart or the brain; part of a plant with a particular purposevolume_up

the internal organsvolume_up

organization (noun)

UK /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/US /ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃn/

nounA2

a group of people who form a business, club, etc. together in order to achieve a particular aimvolume_up

He's the president of a large international organization.volume_up

organize (verb)

UK /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/US /ˈɔːrɡənaɪz/

verbA2

to make all the arrangements for something to happen or be providedvolume_up

He helped to organize various events.volume_up

organized (adjective)

UK /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/US /ˈɔːrɡənaɪzd/

adjectiveB1

involving large numbers of people who work together to do something in a way that has been carefully plannedvolume_up

an organized body of workersvolume_up

organizer (noun)

UK /ˈɔːɡənaɪzə(r)/US /ˈɔːrɡənaɪzər/

nounB1

a person who makes the arrangements for somethingvolume_up

the organizers of the festivalvolume_up

origin (noun)

UK /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/US /ˈɔːrɪdʒɪn/

nounB2

the point from which something starts; the cause of somethingvolume_up

the origins of life on earthvolume_up

original (noun)

UK /əˈrɪdʒənl/US /əˈrɪdʒənl/

adjectiveA2

existing at the beginning of a particular period, process or activityvolume_up

The room still has many of its original features.volume_up

nounB1

a document, work of art, etc. produced for the first time, from which copies are later madevolume_up

This painting is a copy; the original is in Madrid.volume_up

originally (adverb)

UK /əˈrɪdʒənəli/US /əˈrɪdʒənəli/

adverbB1

used to describe the situation that existed at the beginning of a particular period or activity, especially before something was changedvolume_up

The school was originally very small.volume_up

other (adjective, pronoun)

UK /ˈʌðə(r)/US /ˈʌðər/

adjectiveA1

used to refer to people or things that are additional or different to people or things that have been mentioned or are known aboutvolume_up

Mr Harris and Mrs Bate and three other teachers were there.volume_up

pronounA1

used to refer to people or things that are additional or different to people or things that have been mentioned or are known aboutvolume_up

Mr Harris and Mrs Bate and three other teachers were there.volume_up

otherwise (adverb)

UK /ˈʌðəwaɪz/US /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

adverbB2

used to state what the result would be if something did not happen or if the situation were differentvolume_up

I couldn't have afforded the trip.volume_up

ought (modal verb)

UK /ˈɔːt tə/US /ˈɔːt tə/

modal verbB1

used to say what is the right thing to dovolume_up

They ought to apologize.volume_up

our (determiner)

UK /ɑː(r)/US /ɑːr/

determinerA1

belonging to us; connected with usvolume_up

our daughter/dog/housevolume_up

ours (pronoun)

UK /ɑːz/US /ɑːrz/

pronounB1

the one or ones that belong to usvolume_up

Their house is very similar to ours, but ours is bigger.volume_up

ourselves (pronoun)

UK /ɑːˈselvz/US /ɑːrˈselvz/

pronounA2

the reflexive form of we; used when you and another person or other people together cause and are affected by an actionvolume_up

We shouldn't blame ourselves for what happened.volume_up

out (adverb, preposition)

UK /aʊt/US /aʊt/

adverbA1

away from the inside of a place or thingvolume_up

She ran out into the corridor.volume_up

prepositionA1

away from the inside of a place or thingvolume_up

She ran out into the corridor.volume_up

outcome (noun)

UK /ˈaʊtkʌm/US /ˈaʊtkʌm/

nounB2

the result or effect of an action or eventvolume_up

The likely outcome is a compromise.volume_up

outdoor (adjective)

UK /ˈaʊtdɔː(r)/US /ˈaʊtdɔːr/

adjectiveB1

used, happening or located outside rather than in a buildingvolume_up

outdoor pursuits/recreation/activitiesvolume_up

outdoors (adverb)

UK /ˌaʊtˈdɔːz/US /ˌaʊtˈdɔːrz/

adverbB1

outside, rather than in a buildingvolume_up

The rain prevented them from eating outdoors.volume_up

outer (adjective)

UK /ˈaʊtə(r)/US /ˈaʊtər/

adjectiveB2

on the outside of somethingvolume_up

the outer layers of the skinvolume_up

outline (verb)

UK /ˈaʊtlaɪn/US /ˈaʊtlaɪn/

nounB2

a description of the main facts or points involved in somethingvolume_up

This is a brief outline of the events.volume_up

verbB2

to give a description of the main facts or points involved in somethingvolume_up

He outlined his plan to leave St. Petersburg.volume_up

outside (preposition)

UK /ˌaʊtˈsaɪd/US /ˌaʊtˈsaɪd/

adjectiveA2

of, on or facing the outer sidevolume_up

The outside walls are damp.volume_up

adverbA1

not in a room, building or container but on or to the outside of itvolume_up

I'm seeing a patient—please wait outside.volume_up

nounA2

the outer side or surface of somethingvolume_up

The outside of the house needs painting.volume_up

prepositionA2

on or to a place on the outside of somethingvolume_up

You can park your car outside our house.volume_up

oven (noun)

UK /ˈʌvn/US /ˈʌvn/

nounA2

the part of a cooker that is like a box with a door on the front, in which food is cooked or heatedvolume_up

Take the cake out of the oven.volume_up

over (preposition)

UK /ˈəʊvə(r)/US /ˈəʊvər/

adverbA1

across a street, an open space, etc.volume_up

I stopped and crossed over.volume_up

prepositionA1

resting on the surface of somebody/something and partly or completely covering them/itvolume_up

She put a blanket over the sleeping child.volume_up

overall (adverb)

UK /ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/US /ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/

adjectiveB2

including all the things or people that are involved in a particular situation; generalvolume_up

There will be winners in each of three age groups, and one overall winner.volume_up

adverbB2

including everything or everyone; in totalvolume_up

The company will invest $1.6m overall in new equipment.volume_up

owe (verb)

UK /əʊ/US /əʊ/

verbB2

to have to pay somebody for something that you have already received or return money that you have borrowedvolume_up

She still owes her father £3 000.volume_up

own (verb)

UK /əʊn/US /əʊn/

adjectiveA1

used to emphasize that something belongs to or is connected with somebodyvolume_up

It was her own idea.volume_up

pronounA1

used to emphasize that something belongs to or is connected with somebodyvolume_up

It was her own idea.volume_up

verbA2

to have something that belongs to you, especially because you have bought itvolume_up

Do you own your house or do you rent it?volume_up

owner (noun)

UK /ˈəʊnə(r)/US /ˈəʊnər/

nounA2

a person who owns somethingvolume_up

a dog/pet/gun ownervolume_up

pace (verb)

UK /peɪs/US /peɪs/

nounB2

the speed at which somebody/something walks, runs or movesvolume_up

at a… pace, to set off at a steady/gentle/leisurely pacevolume_up

verbB2

to walk up and down in a small area many times, especially because you are feeling nervous or angryvolume_up

She paced up and down outside the room.volume_up

pack (verb)

UK /pæk/US /pæk/

nounB1

a container, usually made of paper, that holds a number of the same thing or an amount of something, ready to be soldvolume_up

a pack of cigarettes/gumvolume_up

verbA2

to put clothes, etc. into a bag in preparation for a trip away from homevolume_up

I haven't packed yet.volume_up

package (verb)

UK /ˈpækɪdʒ/US /ˈpækɪdʒ/

nounB1

something that is wrapped in paper or put into a thick envelope so that it can be sent by mail, carried easily, or given as a presentvolume_up

A large package has arrived for you.volume_up

verbB2

to put something into a box, bag, etc. to be sold or transportedvolume_up

packaged food/goodsvolume_up

page (noun)

UK /peɪdʒ/US /peɪdʒ/

nounA1

one side or both sides of a sheet of paper in a book, magazine, etc.volume_up

Turn to page 64.volume_up

pain (noun)

UK /peɪn/US /peɪn/

nounA2

the feelings that you have in your body when you have been hurt or when you are illvolume_up

a cry of painvolume_up

painful (adjective)

UK /ˈpeɪnfl/US /ˈpeɪnfl/

adjectiveB1

causing you painvolume_up

Is your back still painful?volume_up

paint (verb)

UK /peɪnt/US /peɪnt/

nounA1

a liquid that is put on surfaces to give them a particular colour; a layer of this liquid when it has dried on a surfacevolume_up

white paintvolume_up

verbA1

to cover a surface or object with paintvolume_up

Paint the shed with weather-resistant paint.volume_up

painter (noun)

UK /ˈpeɪntə(r)/US /ˈpeɪntər/

nounA2

a person whose job is painting buildings, walls, etc.volume_up

He works as a painter and decorator.volume_up

painting (noun)

UK /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/US /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/

nounA1

a picture that has been paintedvolume_up

a watercolour/crylic paintingvolume_up

pair (noun)

UK /peə(r)/US /per/

nounA1

two things of the same type, especially when they are used or worn togethervolume_up

a pair of shoes/bootsvolume_up

palace (noun)

UK /ˈpæləs/US /ˈpæləs/

nounA2

the official home of a king, queen, president, etc.volume_up

Buckingham Palacevolume_up

pale (adjective)

UK /peɪl/US /peɪl/

adjectiveB1

having skin that is very light in colour; having skin that has less colour than usual because of illness, a strong emotion, etc.volume_up

a pale complexionvolume_up

pan (noun)

UK /pæn/US /pæn/

panel (noun)

UK /ˈpænl/US /ˈpænl/

nounB2

a square or rectangular piece of wood, glass or metal that forms part of a larger surface such as a door or wallvolume_up

One of the glass panels in the front door was cracked.volume_up

pants (noun)

UK /pænts/US /pænts/

nounA2

underpants or knickersvolume_up

a pair of pantsvolume_up

paper (noun)

UK /ˈpeɪpə(r)/US /ˈpeɪpər/

nounA1

the thin material that you write and draw on and that is also used for wrapping and packing thingsvolume_up

a piece/sheet of papervolume_up

paragraph (noun)

UK /ˈpærəɡrɑːf/US /ˈpærəɡræf/

nounA1

a section of a piece of writing, usually consisting of several sentences dealing with a single subject. The first sentence of a paragraph starts on a new line.volume_up

an opening/introductory paragraphvolume_up

parent (noun)

UK /ˈpeərənt/US /ˈperənt/

nounA1

a person’s father or mothervolume_up

He's still living with his parents.volume_up

park (verb)

UK /pɑːk/US /pɑːrk/

nounA1

an area of public land in a town or a city where people go to walk, play and relaxvolume_up

Hyde Parkvolume_up

verbA1

to leave a vehicle that you are driving in a particular place for a period of timevolume_up

He parked and went inside.volume_up

parking (noun)

UK /ˈpɑːkɪŋ/US /ˈpɑːrkɪŋ/

nounA2

the act of stopping a vehicle at a place and leaving it there for a period of timevolume_up

There is no parking here between 9 a.m. and 6 p.m.volume_up

parliament (noun)

UK /ˈpɑːləmənt/US /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

nounB2

the group of people who are elected to make and change the laws of a countryvolume_up

The German parliament is called the ‘Bundestag’.volume_up

part (noun)

UK /pɑːt/US /pɑːrt/

nounA1

some but not all of a thingvolume_up

We spent part of the time in the museum.volume_up

participant (noun)

UK /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/US /pɑːrˈtɪsɪpənt/

nounB2

a person who is taking part in an activity or eventvolume_up

The average age of study participants was 48 years.volume_up

participate (verb)

UK /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/US /pɑːrˈtɪsɪpeɪt/

verbB1

to take part in or become involved in an activityvolume_up

Anyone who wishes to participate is welcome.volume_up

particular (adjective)

UK /pəˈtɪkjələ(r)/US /pərˈtɪkjələr/

adjectiveA2

used to emphasize that you are referring to one individual person, thing or type of thing and not othersvolume_up

There is one particular patient I'd like you to see.volume_up

particularly (adverb)

UK /pəˈtɪkjələli/US /pərˈtɪkjələrli/

adverbB1

especially; more than usual or more than othersvolume_up

particularly useful/important/interestingvolume_up

partly (adverb)

UK /ˈpɑːtli/US /ˈpɑːrtli/

adverbB2

to some extent; not completelyvolume_up

Some people are unwilling to attend the classes partly because of the cost involved.volume_up

partner (noun)

UK /ˈpɑːtnə(r)/US /ˈpɑːrtnər/

nounA1

a person that you are doing an activity with, such as dancing or playing a gamevolume_up

a dance/tennis partnervolume_up

party (noun)

UK /ˈpɑːti/US /ˈpɑːrti/

nounA1

a social occasion, often in a person’s home, at which people eat, drink, talk, dance and enjoy themselvesvolume_up

a dinner/tea/cocktail partyvolume_up

pass (verb)

UK /pɑːs/US /pæs/

nounB1

an official document or ticket that shows that you have the right to enter or leave a place, to travel on a bus or train, etc.volume_up

a boarding pass (= for a plane)volume_up

verbA2

to achieve the required standard in an exam, a test, etc.volume_up

I'm not really expecting to pass first time.volume_up

passage (noun)

UK /ˈpæsɪdʒ/US /ˈpæsɪdʒ/

nounB2

a long narrow area with walls on either side that connects one room or place with anothervolume_up

A dark narrow passage led to the main hall.volume_up

passenger (noun)

UK /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/US /ˈpæsɪndʒər/

nounA2

a person who is travelling in a car, bus, train, plane or ship and who is not driving it or working on itvolume_up

airline/cruise/rail/bus passengersvolume_up

passion (noun)

UK /ˈpæʃn/US /ˈpæʃn/

nounB1

a very strong feeling of love, hate, anger, enthusiasm, etc.volume_up

I admire the passion and commitment shown by the players.volume_up

passport (noun)

UK /ˈpɑːspɔːt/US /ˈpæspɔːrt/

nounA1

an official document that identifies you as a citizen of a particular country, and that you may have to show when you enter or leave a countryvolume_up

a valid passportvolume_up

past (preposition)

UK /pɑːst/US /pæst/

adjectiveA1

gone by in timevolume_up

in past years/centuriesvolume_up

adverbA2

from one side of something to the othervolume_up

She smiled at me as she walked past.volume_up

nounA1

the time that has gone by; things that happened in an earlier timevolume_up

I used to go there often in the past.volume_up

prepositionA1

later than somethingvolume_up

half past twovolume_up

path (noun)

UK /pɑːθ/US /pæθ/

nounB1

a way or track that is built or is made by the action of people walkingvolume_up

a dirt/gravel/concrete pathvolume_up

patient (noun)

UK /ˈpeɪʃnt/US /ˈpeɪʃnt/

adjectiveB2

able to wait for a long time or accept annoying behaviour or difficulties without becoming angryvolume_up

You'll just have to be patient and wait till I'm finished.volume_up

nounA2

a person who is receiving medical treatment, especially in a hospitalvolume_up

cancer/AIDS/heart patientsvolume_up

pattern (noun)

UK /ˈpætn/US /ˈpætərn/

nounA2

the regular way in which something happens or is donevolume_up

changing patterns of urban lifevolume_up

pay (verb)

UK /peɪ/US /peɪ/

nounA2

the money that somebody gets for doing regular workvolume_up

Her job is hard work, but the pay is good.volume_up

verbA1

to give somebody money for work, goods, services, etc.volume_up

Who's paying?volume_up

payment (noun)

UK /ˈpeɪmənt/US /ˈpeɪmənt/

nounB1

the act of paying somebody/something or of being paidvolume_up

What method of payment do you prefer?volume_up

peace (noun)

UK /piːs/US /piːs/

nounA2

a situation or a period of time in which there is no war or violence in a country or an areavolume_up

world peacevolume_up

peaceful (adjective)

UK /ˈpiːsfl/US /ˈpiːsfl/

adjectiveB1

not involving a war, violence or argumentvolume_up

a peaceful protest/demonstrationvolume_up

pen (noun)

UK /pen/US /pen/

nounA1

an instrument made of plastic or metal used for writing with ink (= coloured liquid for writing, etc.)volume_up

an ink penvolume_up

pencil (noun)

UK /ˈpensl/US /ˈpensl/

nounA1

a narrow piece of wood, or a metal or plastic case, containing a black or coloured substance, used for drawing or writingvolume_up

I'll get a pencil and paper.volume_up

penny (noun)

UK /ˈpeni/US /ˈpeni/

nounA2

a small British coin and unit of money. There are 100 pence in one pound (£1).volume_up

He had a few pennies in his pocket.volume_up

pension (noun)

UK /ˈpenʃn/US /ˈpenʃn/

people (noun)

UK /ˈpiːpl/US /ˈpiːpl/

nounA1

human beings; men, women and childrenvolume_up

At least ten people were killed in the crash.volume_up

pepper (noun)

UK /ˈpepə(r)/US /ˈpepər/

nounA1

a powder made from dried berries (called peppercorns), used to give a hot, spicy taste to foodvolume_up

Season with salt and peppervolume_up

per (preposition)

UK /pə(r)/US /pər/

prepositionA2

used to express the cost or amount of something for each person, number used, distance travelled, etc.volume_up

Rooms cost £50 per person, per night.volume_up

per cent (noun)

UK /pə ˈsent/US /pər ˈsent/

adjectiveA2

by, in or for every hundredvolume_up

a 15 per cent rise in pricevolume_up

adverbA2

by, in or for every hundredvolume_up

a 15 per cent rise in pricevolume_up

nounA2

one part in every hundredvolume_up

Poor families spend about 80 to 90 per cent of their income on food.volume_up

percentage (noun)

UK /pəˈsentɪdʒ/US /pərˈsentɪdʒ/

nounB1

the number, amount or rate of something, expressed as if it is part of a total that is 100; a part or share of a wholevolume_up

What percentage of the population is/are overweight?volume_up

perfect (adjective)

UK /ˈpɜːfɪkt/US /ˈpɜːrfɪkt/

adjectiveA1

having everything that is necessary; complete and without faults or weaknessesvolume_up

in perfect conditionvolume_up

perfectly (adverb)

UK /ˈpɜːfɪktli/US /ˈpɜːrfɪktli/

adverbB1

completelyvolume_up

It's perfectly normal to feel like this.volume_up

perform (verb)

UK /pəˈfɔːm/US /pərˈfɔːrm/

verbA2

to entertain an audience by playing a piece of music, acting in a play, etc.volume_up

to perform a song/dance/playvolume_up

performance (noun)

UK /pəˈfɔːməns/US /pərˈfɔːrməns/

nounB1

the act of performing a play, concert or some other form of entertainmentvolume_up

The performance starts at seven.volume_up

perhaps (adverb)

UK /pəˈhæps/US /pərˈhæps/

adverbA2

possiblyvolume_up

‘Are you going to come?’ ‘Perhaps. I'll see how I feel.’volume_up

period (noun)

UK /ˈpɪəriəd/US /ˈpɪriəd/

nounA1

a particular length of timevolume_up

a long/an extended periodvolume_up

permanent (adjective)

UK /ˈpɜːmənənt/US /ˈpɜːrmənənt/

adjectiveB2

lasting for a long time or for all time in the future; existing all the timevolume_up

She was unable to find a permanent job.volume_up

permission (noun)

UK /pəˈmɪʃn/US /pərˈmɪʃn/

nounA2

the act of allowing somebody to do something, especially when this is done by somebody in a position of authorityvolume_up

You must ask permission for all major expenditure.volume_up

permit (verb)

UK /pəˈmɪt/US /pərˈmɪt/

nounB2

an official document that gives somebody the right to do something, especially for a limited period of timevolume_up

a parking/building permitvolume_up

verbB2

to allow somebody to do something or to allow something to happenvolume_up

Mobile phones are not permitted in the examination room.volume_up

person (noun)

UK /ˈpɜːsn/US /ˈpɜːrsn/

nounA1

a human as an individualvolume_up

What sort of person would do a thing like that?volume_up

personal (adjective)

UK /ˈpɜːsənl/US /ˈpɜːrsənl/

adjectiveA1

your own; not belonging to or connected with anyone elsevolume_up

The novel is written from personal experience.volume_up

personality (noun)

UK /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/US /ˌpɜːrsəˈnæləti/

nounA2

the various aspects of a person’s character that combine to make them different from other peoplevolume_up

His wife has a strong personality.volume_up

personally (adverb)

UK /ˈpɜːsənəli/US /ˈpɜːrsənəli/

adverbB1

used to show that you are giving your own opinion about somethingvolume_up

I prefer the second option.volume_up

perspective (noun)

UK /pəˈspektɪv/US /pərˈspektɪv/

nounB2

a particular attitude towards something; a way of thinking about somethingvolume_up

a global perspectivevolume_up

persuade (verb)

UK /pəˈsweɪd/US /pərˈsweɪd/

verbB1

to make somebody do something by giving them good reasons for doing itvolume_up

Try to persuade him to come.volume_up

pet (noun)

UK /pet/US /pet/

nounA2

an animal, a bird, etc. that you have at home for pleasure, rather than one that is kept for work or foodvolume_up

Do you have any pets?volume_up

petrol (noun)

UK /ˈpetrəl/US /ˈpetrəl/

nounA2

a liquid obtained from petroleum, used as fuel in car engines, etc.volume_up

to fill a car up with petrolvolume_up

phase (noun)

UK /feɪz/US /feɪz/

nounB2

a stage in a process of change or developmentvolume_up

during the initial/final phasevolume_up

phenomenon (noun)

UK /fəˈnɒmɪnən/US /fəˈnɑːmɪnən/

nounB2

a fact or an event in nature or society, especially one that is not fully understoodvolume_up

cultural/natural phenomenavolume_up

philosophy (noun)

UK /fəˈlɒsəfi/US /fəˈlɑːsəfi/

nounB2

the study of the nature and meaning of the universe and of human lifevolume_up

the philosophy of sciencevolume_up

phone (verb)

UK /fəʊn/US /fəʊn/

nounA1

a piece of equipment for talking to people who are not in the same place as youvolume_up

I have to make a phone call.volume_up

verbA1

to make a phone call to somebodyvolume_up

I was just phoning up for a chat.volume_up

photo (noun)

UK /ˈfəʊtəʊ/US /ˈfəʊtəʊ/

nounA1

a picture that is made by using a camera that stores images in digital form or that has a film sensitive to light inside itvolume_up

a colour/black-and-white photovolume_up

photograph (verb)

UK /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/US /ˈfəʊtəɡræf/

nounA1

a picture that is made by using a camera that stores images in digital form or that has a film sensitive to light inside itvolume_up

aerial photographs of the crash sitevolume_up

verbA2

to take a photograph of somebody/somethingvolume_up

a workshop on photographing wildlifevolume_up

photographer (noun)

UK /fəˈtɒɡrəfə(r)/US /fəˈtɑːɡrəfər/

nounB1

a person who takes photographs, especially as a jobvolume_up

a wedding/wildlife/fashion photographervolume_up

photography (noun)

UK /fəˈtɒɡrəfi/US /fəˈtɑːɡrəfi/

nounB1

the art, process or job of taking photographs or filming somethingvolume_up

Her hobbies include hiking and photography.volume_up

phrase (noun)

UK /freɪz/US /freɪz/

nounA1

a group of words that have a particular meaning when used togethervolume_up

a memorable/catchy phrasevolume_up

physical (adjective)

UK /ˈfɪzɪkl/US /ˈfɪzɪkl/

adjectiveA2

connected with a person’s body rather than their mindvolume_up

physical activity/fitnessvolume_up

physics (noun)

UK /ˈfɪzɪks/US /ˈfɪzɪks/

nounA2

the scientific study of matter and energy and the relationships between them, including the study of forces, heat, light, sound, electricity and the structure of atomsvolume_up

a degree in physicsvolume_up

piano (noun)

UK /piˈænəʊ/US /piˈænəʊ/

nounA1

a large musical instrument played by pressing the black and white keys on the keyboard. The sound is produced by small hammers hitting the metal strings inside the piano.volume_up

to play the pianovolume_up

pick (verb)

UK /pɪk/US /pɪk/

nounB2

an act of choosing somethingvolume_up

Take your pick (= choose).volume_up

verbA2

to choose somebody/something from a group of people or thingsvolume_up

Pick a number from one to twenty.volume_up

picture (verb)

UK /ˈpɪktʃə(r)/US /ˈpɪktʃər/

nounA1

a painting or drawing, etc. that shows a scene, a person or thingvolume_up

He likes books with lots of pictures in them.volume_up

verbB2

to imagine somebody/something; to create an image of somebody/something in your mindvolume_up

I could picture the scene clearly.volume_up

piece (noun)

UK /piːs/US /piːs/

nounA1

an amount of something that has been cut or separated from the rest of it; a standard amount of somethingvolume_up

She wrote something on a small piece of paper.volume_up

pig (noun)

UK /pɪɡ/US /pɪɡ/

nounA1

an animal with pink, black or brown skin, short legs, a broad nose and a short curly tail. Pigs are kept on farms for their meat (called pork) or live in the wild.volume_up

a pig farmervolume_up

pile (verb)

UK /paɪl/US /paɪl/

nounB2

a number of things that have been placed on top of each othervolume_up

a pile of clothes/papervolume_up

verbB2

to put things one on top of another; to form a pilevolume_up

She piled the boxes one on top of the other.volume_up

pilot (noun)

UK /ˈpaɪlət/US /ˈpaɪlət/

nounA2

a person who operates the controls of an aircraft, especially as a jobvolume_up

an airline pilotvolume_up

pin (verb)

UK /pɪn/US /pɪn/

nounB1

a short thin piece of stiff wire with a sharp point at one end and a round head at the other, used especially for fastening together pieces of cloth when sewingvolume_up

Use pins to keep the patch in place while you sew it on.volume_up

verbB1

to attach something onto another thing or fasten things together with a pin, etc.volume_up

She pinned the badge onto her jacket.volume_up

pink (noun)

UK /pɪŋk/US /pɪŋk/

adjectiveA1

pale red in colourvolume_up

pale pink rosesvolume_up

nounA1

the colour that is produced when you mix red and white togethervolume_up

She was dressed in pink.volume_up

pipe (noun)

UK /paɪp/US /paɪp/

nounB1

a tube through which liquids and gases can flowvolume_up

Both hot and cold water pipes should be properly insulated.volume_up

pitch (noun)

UK /pɪtʃ/US /pɪtʃ/

nounB2

an area of ground specially prepared and marked for playing a sports gamevolume_up

a football pitchvolume_up

place (verb)

UK /pleɪs/US /pleɪs/

nounA1

a particular position, point or areavolume_up

Keep your purse in a safe place.volume_up

verbB1

to put something in a particular place, especially when you do it carefully or deliberatelyvolume_up

He placed his hand on her shoulder.volume_up

plain (adjective)

UK /pleɪn/US /pleɪn/

adjectiveB2

not decorated or complicated; simplevolume_up

a plain but elegant dressvolume_up

plan (verb)

UK /plæn/US /plæn/

nounA1

something that you intend to do or achievevolume_up

Do you have any plans for the summer?volume_up

verbA1

to make detailed arrangements for something you want to do in the futurevolume_up

to plan a tripvolume_up

plane (noun)

UK /pleɪn/US /pleɪn/

nounA1

a flying vehicle with wings and one or more enginesvolume_up

a passenger/fighter/military/private planevolume_up

planet (noun)

UK /ˈplænɪt/US /ˈplænɪt/

nounA2

a large round object in space that moves around a star (such as the sun) and receives light from itvolume_up

the planets of our solar systemvolume_up

planning (noun)

UK /ˈplænɪŋ/US /ˈplænɪŋ/

nounB1

the act or process of making plans for somethingvolume_up

The department is responsible for all financial planning.volume_up

plant (verb)

UK /plɑːnt/US /plænt/

nounA1

a living thing that grows in the earth and usually has a stem, leaves and roots, especially one that is smaller than a tree or bushvolume_up

All plants need light and water.volume_up

verbA2

to put plants, seeds, etc. in the ground to growvolume_up

to plant a tree/seed/cropvolume_up

plastic (noun)

UK /ˈplæstɪk/US /ˈplæstɪk/

adjectiveA2

made of plasticvolume_up

a plastic bag/bottle/cupvolume_up

nounA2

a light strong material that is produced by chemical processes and can be formed into shapes when heated. There are many different types of plastic, used to make different objects and fabrics.volume_up

The pipes should be made of plastic.volume_up

plate (noun)

UK /pleɪt/US /pleɪt/

nounA2

a flat, usually round, dish that you put food onvolume_up

sandwiches on a platevolume_up

platform (noun)

UK /ˈplætfɔːm/US /ˈplætfɔːrm/

nounA2

the raised flat area next to the track at a train station where you get on or off the trainvolume_up

What platform does it go from?volume_up

play (verb)

UK /pleɪ/US /pleɪ/

nounA1

a piece of writing performed by actors in a theatre or on television or radiovolume_up

a stage/radio playvolume_up

verbA1

to do things for pleasure, as children do; to enjoy yourself, rather than workvolume_up

You'll have to play inside today.volume_up

player (noun)

UK /ˈpleɪə(r)/US /ˈpleɪər/

nounA1

a person who takes part in a game or sportvolume_up

a football/tennis/chess playervolume_up

pleasant (adjective)

UK /ˈpleznt/US /ˈpleznt/

adjectiveB1

fun, attractive, or giving pleasurevolume_up

a pleasant evening/atmosphere/walkvolume_up

please (verb)

UK /pliːz/US /pliːz/

exclamationA1

used as a polite way of asking for something or telling somebody to do somethingvolume_up

Please sit down.volume_up

verbA2

to make somebody happyvolume_up

You can't please everybody.volume_up

pleased (adjective)

UK /pliːzd/US /pliːzd/

adjectiveA2

feeling happy about somethingvolume_up

You're coming? I'm so pleased.volume_up

pleasure (noun)

UK /ˈpleʒə(r)/US /ˈpleʒər/

nounB1

a state of feeling or being happy or satisfiedvolume_up

His eyes lit up with pleasure.volume_up

plenty (pronoun)

UK /ˈplenti/US /ˈplenti/

pronounB1

a large amount; as much or as many as you needvolume_up

plenty of eggs/money/timevolume_up

plot (verb)

UK /plɒt/US /plɑːt/

nounB1

the series of events that form the story of a novel, play, film, etc.volume_up

It's hard to follow the plot of the film.volume_up

verbB2

to make a secret plan to harm somebody, especially a government or its leadervolume_up

It is claimed he plotted with the country's enemies.volume_up

plus (preposition)

UK /plʌs/US /plʌs/

adjectiveB2

used after a number to show that the real number or amount is more than the one mentionedvolume_up

The work will cost £10 000 plus.volume_up

conjunctionB2

used to add more informationvolume_up

I've got too much on at work. Plus my father is not well.volume_up

nounB2

an advantage; a good thingvolume_up

Knowledge of French is a plus in her job.volume_up

prepositionB1

used when the two numbers or amounts mentioned are being added togethervolume_up

Two plus five is seven.volume_up

pocket (noun)

UK /ˈpɒkɪt/US /ˈpɑːkɪt/

nounA2

a small piece of material like a small bag sewn into or onto a piece of clothing so that you can carry things in itvolume_up

a jacket/coat/shirt/trouser pocketvolume_up

poem (noun)

UK /ˈpəʊɪm/US /ˈpəʊəm/

nounB1

a piece of writing in which the words are chosen for their sound and the images they suggest, not just for their obvious meanings. The words are arranged in separate lines, usually with a repeated rhythm, and often the lines rhyme at the end.volume_up

His collected poems were published after the war.volume_up

poet (noun)

UK /ˈpəʊɪt/US /ˈpəʊət/

nounB1

a person who writes poemsvolume_up

an internationally renowned poetvolume_up

poetry (noun)

UK /ˈpəʊətri/US /ˈpəʊətri/

nounB1

poems in general; poems as a genre of literaturevolume_up

lyric/epic poetryvolume_up

point (verb)

UK /pɔɪnt/US /pɔɪnt/

nounA1

a thing that somebody says or writes giving their opinion or stating a factvolume_up

She made several interesting points in the article.volume_up

verbB1

to stretch out your finger or something held in your hand towards somebody/something in order to show somebody where a person or thing isvolume_up

‘What's your name?’ he asked, pointing at the child with his pen.volume_up

pointed (adjective)

UK /ˈpɔɪntɪd/US /ˈpɔɪntɪd/

adjectiveB2

having a sharp endvolume_up

a pointed chinvolume_up

poison (verb)

UK /ˈpɔɪzn/US /ˈpɔɪzn/

nounB1

a substance that causes death or harm if it gets into the bodyvolume_up

Some mushrooms contain a deadly poison.volume_up

verbB1

to harm or kill a person or an animal by giving them poisonvolume_up

He was believed to poison his enemies.volume_up

poisonous (adjective)

UK /ˈpɔɪzənəs/US /ˈpɔɪzənəs/

adjectiveB1

causing death or illness if swallowed or taken into the bodyvolume_up

poisonous chemicals/fumes/plantsvolume_up

police (noun)

UK /pəˈliːs/US /pəˈliːs/

nounA1

an official organization whose job is to make people obey the law and to prevent and solve crime; the people who work for this organizationvolume_up

Get out of the house or I'll call the police.volume_up

policeman (noun)

UK /pəˈliːsmən/US /pəˈliːsmən/

nounA1

a male police officervolume_up

a plain-clothes/uniformed policemanvolume_up

policy (noun)

UK /ˈpɒləsi/US /ˈpɑːləsi/

nounB1

a plan of action agreed or chosen by a political party, a business, etc.volume_up

the present government’s policy on educationvolume_up

polite (adjective)

UK /pəˈlaɪt/US /pəˈlaɪt/

adjectiveA2

having or showing good manners and respect for the feelings of othersvolume_up

Please be polite to our guests.volume_up

political (adjective)

UK /pəˈlɪtɪkl/US /pəˈlɪtɪkl/

adjectiveB1

connected with the state, government or public affairsvolume_up

a monarch without political powervolume_up

politician (noun)

UK /ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/US /ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃn/

nounB1

a person whose job involves politics, especially as an elected member of parliament, etc.volume_up

democratically elected politiciansvolume_up

politics (noun)

UK /ˈpɒlətɪks/US /ˈpɑːlətɪks/

nounB1

the activities involved in getting and using power in public life, and being able to influence decisions that affect a country or a societyvolume_up

world/international politicsvolume_up

pollution (noun)

UK /pəˈluːʃn/US /pəˈluːʃn/

nounA2

the process of making air, water, soil, etc. dirty; the state of being dirtyvolume_up

air/water pollutionvolume_up

pool (noun)

UK /puːl/US /puːl/

nounA1

an area of water that has been created for people to swim involume_up

an indoor/outdoor poolvolume_up

poor (adjective)

UK /pɔː(r)/US /pʊr/

adjectiveA1

having very little money; not having enough money for basic needsvolume_up

They were too poor to buy shoes for the kids.volume_up

pop (verb)

UK /pɒp/US /pɑːp/

adjectiveA2

connected with modern popular musicvolume_up

a pop songvolume_up

nounA2

popular music of the sort that has been popular since the 1950s, usually with a strong rhythm and simple tunes, often contrasted with rock, soul and other forms of popular musicvolume_up

rock, pop and soulvolume_up

verbC1

to make a short explosive sound; to cause something to make this soundvolume_up

the sound of corks poppingvolume_up

popular (adjective)

UK /ˈpɒpjələ(r)/US /ˈpɑːpjələr/

adjectiveA1

liked or enjoyed by a large number of peoplevolume_up

Andalucia is a popular tourist destination.volume_up

popularity (noun)

UK /ˌpɒpjuˈlærəti/US /ˌpɑːpjuˈlærəti/

nounB2

the state of being liked, enjoyed or supported by a large number of peoplevolume_up

the increasing popularity of cyclingvolume_up

population (noun)

UK /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/US /ˌpɑːpjuˈleɪʃn/

nounA2

all the people who live in a particular area, city or country; the total number of people who live therevolume_up

One third of the world’s population consumes/consume two thirds of the world’s resources.volume_up

port (noun)

UK /pɔːt/US /pɔːrt/

nounB1

a town or city with a harbour, especially one where ships load and unload goodsvolume_up

a container/fishing portsvolume_up

portrait (noun)

UK /ˈpɔːtreɪt/US /ˈpɔːrtrət/

nounB1

a painting, drawing or photograph of a person, especially of the head and shouldersvolume_up

a portrait of his wifevolume_up

pose (verb)

UK /pəʊz/US /pəʊz/

verbB2

to create a threat, problem, etc. that has to be dealt withvolume_up

to pose a threat/risk/challenge/dangervolume_up

position (verb)

UK /pəˈzɪʃn/US /pəˈzɪʃn/

nounA2

the place where somebody/something is locatedvolume_up

Where would be the best position for the lights?volume_up

verbB2

to put somebody/something in a particular positionvolume_up

She quickly positioned herself behind the desk.volume_up

positive (noun)

UK /ˈpɒzətɪv/US /ˈpɑːzətɪv/

adjectiveA1

good or usefulvolume_up

The tests have so far yielded positive results.volume_up

nounB2

a good or useful quality or aspectvolume_up

What are the positives and negatives of going this route?volume_up

possess (verb)

UK /pəˈzes/US /pəˈzes/

verbB2

to have or own somethingvolume_up

He was charged with possessing a shotgun without a licence.volume_up

possession (noun)

UK /pəˈzeʃn/US /pəˈzeʃn/

nounA2

something that you own or have with you at a particular timevolume_up

Prisoners were allowed no personal possessions.volume_up

possibility (noun)

UK /ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti/US /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪləti/

nounA2

a thing that may happen or be true; the fact that something might happen or be true, but is not certainvolume_up

Bankruptcy is a real possibility if sales don't improve.volume_up

possible (adjective)

UK /ˈpɒsəbl/US /ˈpɑːsəbl/

adjectiveA1

that can be done or achievedvolume_up

New technology has made it possible to communicate more easily.volume_up

possibly (adverb)

UK /ˈpɒsəbli/US /ˈpɑːsəbli/

adverbB1

used to say that something might exist, happen or be true, but you are not certainvolume_up

It was possibly their worst performance ever.volume_up

post (verb)

UK /pəʊst/US /pəʊst/

nounA1

the official system used for sending and delivering letters, packages, etc.volume_up

I'll send the original to you by post.volume_up

verbA1

to send a letter, etc. to somebody by postvolume_up

The cost of posting a letter has gone up again.volume_up

poster (noun)

UK /ˈpəʊstə(r)/US /ˈpəʊstər/

nounA2

a large notice, often with a picture on it, that is put in a public place to advertise somethingvolume_up

campaign/election postersvolume_up

pot (noun)

UK /pɒt/US /pɑːt/

nounB1

a deep round container used for cooking things involume_up

pots and pansvolume_up

potato (noun)

UK /pəˈteɪtəʊ/US /pəˈteɪtəʊ/

nounA1

a round white vegetable with a brown or red skin that grows underground as part of a plant also called a potatovolume_up

Will you peel the potatoes for me?volume_up

potential (noun)

UK /pəˈtenʃl/US /pəˈtenʃl/

adjectiveB2

that can develop into something or be developed in the futurevolume_up

potential customers/buyers/investors/clientsvolume_up

nounB2

the possibility of something happening or being developed or usedvolume_up

the potential for changevolume_up

pound (noun)

UK /paʊnd/US /paʊnd/

nounA1

the unit of money in the UK, worth 100 pencevolume_up

a ten-pound notevolume_up

pour (verb)

UK /pɔː(r)/US /pɔːr/

verbB1

to make a liquid or other substance flow from a container in a continuous stream, especially by holding the container at an anglevolume_up

Pour the sauce over the pasta.volume_up

poverty (noun)

UK /ˈpɒvəti/US /ˈpɑːvərti/

nounB1

the state of being poorvolume_up

conditions of extreme/abject povertyvolume_up

powder (noun)

UK /ˈpaʊdə(r)/US /ˈpaʊdər/

nounB1

a dry mass of very small fine pieces or grainsvolume_up

milk/chilli/cocoa powdervolume_up

power (verb)

UK /ˈpaʊə(r)/US /ˈpaʊər/

nounA2

the ability to control people or thingsvolume_up

He has the power to make things very unpleasant for us.volume_up

verbB2

to supply a machine or vehicle with the energy that makes it workvolume_up

The aircraft is powered by a jet engine.volume_up

powerful (adjective)

UK /ˈpaʊəfl/US /ˈpaʊərfl/

adjectiveB1

being able to control and influence people and eventsvolume_up

an incredibly powerful organizationvolume_up

practical (adjective)

UK /ˈpræktɪkl/US /ˈpræktɪkl/

adjectiveB1

connected with real situations rather than with ideas or theoriesvolume_up

to have gained practical experience of the workvolume_up

practice (noun)

UK /ˈpræktɪs/US /ˈpræktɪs/

nounA1

doing an activity or training regularly so that you can improve your skill; the time you spend doing thisvolume_up

conversation practicevolume_up

practise (verb)

UK /ˈpræktɪs/US /ˈpræktɪs/

verbA1

to do an activity or train regularly so that you can improve your skillvolume_up

You need to practise every day.volume_up

praise (verb)

UK /preɪz/US /preɪz/

nounB2

words that show that you approve of and admire somebody/somethingvolume_up

The team coach singled out two players for special praise.volume_up

verbB2

to say that you approve of and admire somebody/somethingvolume_up

She praised his cooking.volume_up

pray (verb)

UK /preɪ/US /preɪ/

verbB1

to speak to God, especially to give thanks or ask for helpvolume_up

They knelt down and prayed.volume_up

prayer (noun)

UK /preə(r)/US /prer/

nounB1

words that you say to God giving thanks or asking for helpvolume_up

to say your prayersvolume_up

predict (verb)

UK /prɪˈdɪkt/US /prɪˈdɪkt/

verbA2

to say that something will happen in the futurevolume_up

a reliable method of predicting earthquakesvolume_up

prediction (noun)

UK /prɪˈdɪkʃn/US /prɪˈdɪkʃn/

nounB1

a statement that says what you think will happen; the act of making such a statementvolume_up

The results of the experiment confirmed our predictions.volume_up

prefer (verb)

UK /prɪˈfɜː(r)/US /prɪˈfɜːr/

verbA1

to like one thing or person better than another; to choose one thing rather than something else because you like it bettervolume_up

‘Coffee or tea?’ ‘I'd prefer tea, thanks.’volume_up

pregnant (adjective)

UK /ˈpreɡnənt/US /ˈpreɡnənt/

adjectiveB2

having a baby or young animal developing inside her/its bodyvolume_up

My wife is pregnant.volume_up

preparation (noun)

UK /ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/US /ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/

nounB2

the act or process of getting ready for something or making something readyvolume_up

food preparationvolume_up

prepare (verb)

UK /prɪˈpeə(r)/US /prɪˈper/

verbA1

to make something or somebody ready to be used or to do somethingvolume_up

to prepare a reportvolume_up

prepared (adjective)

UK /prɪˈpeəd/US /prɪˈperd/

adjectiveB1

ready and able to deal with somethingvolume_up

We'll be better prepared next time.volume_up

presence (noun)

UK /ˈprezns/US /ˈprezns/

nounB2

the fact of being in a particular placevolume_up

He hardly seemed to notice my presence.volume_up

present (verb)

UK /prɪˈzent/US /prɪˈzent/

adjectiveA1

existing or happening nowvolume_up

I am not satisfied with the present situation.volume_up

nounA1

a thing that you give to somebody as a giftvolume_up

What can I get him for a birthday present?volume_up

verbA2

to show or offer something for other people to look at or considervolume_up

Are you presenting a paper at the conference?volume_up

presentation (noun)

UK /ˌpreznˈteɪʃn/US /ˌpriːznˈteɪʃn/

nounB1

a meeting at which something, especially a new product or idea, or piece of work, is shown to a group of peoplevolume_up

The sales manager will give a presentation on the new products.volume_up

preserve (verb)

UK /prɪˈzɜːv/US /prɪˈzɜːrv/

verbB2

to keep a particular quality, feature, etc.; to make sure that something is keptvolume_up

He was anxious to preserve his reputation.volume_up

president (noun)

UK /ˈprezɪdənt/US /ˈprezɪdənt/

nounA2

the leader of a republic, for example the USvolume_up

Several presidents attended the funeral.volume_up

press (verb)

UK /pres/US /pres/

nounB1

newspapers and magazinesvolume_up

the local/national/foreign pressvolume_up

verbB1

to push part of a device, etc. in order to make it workvolume_up

to press a button/keyvolume_up

pressure (noun)

UK /ˈpreʃə(r)/US /ˈpreʃər/

nounB1

the act of trying to persuade or to force somebody to do somethingvolume_up

The pressure for change continued to mount.volume_up

pretend (verb)

UK /prɪˈtend/US /prɪˈtend/

verbB1

to behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe something that is not truevolume_up

I'm tired of having to pretend all the time.volume_up

pretty (adverb)

UK /ˈprɪti/US /ˈprɪti/

adjectiveA1

attractive without being very beautifulvolume_up

a pretty facevolume_up

adverbA1

to some extent; fairlyvolume_up

The game was pretty good.volume_up

prevent (verb)

UK /prɪˈvent/US /prɪˈvent/

verbA2

to stop somebody from doing something; to stop something from happeningvolume_up

The accident could have been prevented.volume_up

previous (adjective)

UK /ˈpriːviəs/US /ˈpriːviəs/

adjectiveB1

happening or existing before the event or object that you are talking aboutvolume_up

No previous experience is necessary for this job.volume_up

previously (adverb)

UK /ˈpriːviəsli/US /ˈpriːviəsli/

adverbB1

at a time before the time that you are talking aboutvolume_up

The building had previously been used as a hotel.volume_up

price (verb)

UK /praɪs/US /praɪs/

nounA1

the amount of money that you have to pay for somethingvolume_up

Boat for sale, price £8 000volume_up

verbB2

to fix the price of something at a particular levelvolume_up

The main courses are all reasonably priced.volume_up

priest (noun)

UK /priːst/US /priːst/

nounB1

a person who is qualified to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox Churchesvolume_up

a parish priestvolume_up

primary (adjective)

UK /ˈpraɪməri/US /ˈpraɪmeri/

adjectiveB1

connected with the education of children between the ages of about five and elevenvolume_up

primary teachersvolume_up

prime (adjective)

UK /praɪm/US /praɪm/

adjectiveB2

main; most important; basicvolume_up

My prime concern is to protect my property.volume_up

prince (noun)

UK /prɪns/US /prɪns/

nounB1

a male member of a royal family who is not king, especially the son or grandson of the king or queenvolume_up

the royal princesvolume_up

princess (noun)

UK /ˌprɪnˈses/US /ˈprɪnses/

nounB1

a female member of a royal family who is not a queen, especially the daughter or granddaughter of the king or queenvolume_up

the royal princessesvolume_up

principle (noun)

UK /ˈprɪnsəpl/US /ˈprɪnsəpl/

nounB2

a moral rule or a strong belief that influences your actionsvolume_up

He has high moral principles.volume_up

print (verb)

UK /prɪnt/US /prɪnt/

nounB2

letters, words, numbers, etc. that have been printed onto papervolume_up

The tiny print was hard to read without my glasses.volume_up

verbA2

to produce letters, pictures, etc. on paper using a machine that puts ink (= coloured liquid) on the surfacevolume_up

I'm printing a copy of the document for you.volume_up

printer (noun)

UK /ˈprɪntə(r)/US /ˈprɪntər/

nounA2

a machine for printing text on paper, especially one connected to a computervolume_up

a colour printervolume_up

printing (noun)

UK /ˈprɪntɪŋ/US /ˈprɪntɪŋ/

nounB1

the act of producing letters, pictures, patterns, etc. on something by pressing a surface covered with ink (= coloured liquid for printing, drawing, etc.) against itvolume_up

the invention of printingvolume_up

priority (noun)

UK /praɪˈɒrəti/US /praɪˈɔːrəti/

nounB2

something that you think is more important than other things and should be dealt with firstvolume_up

a high/low priorityvolume_up

prison (noun)

UK /ˈprɪzn/US /ˈprɪzn/

nounA2

a building where people are kept as a punishment for a crime they have committed, or while they are waiting for trialvolume_up

She went to prison for tax evasion.volume_up

prisoner (noun)

UK /ˈprɪznə(r)/US /ˈprɪznər/

nounB1

a person who is kept in prison as a punishment, or while they are waiting for trialvolume_up

The number of prisoners serving life sentences has fallen.volume_up

privacy (noun)

UK /ˈprɪvəsi/US /ˈpraɪvəsi/

nounB2

the state of being alone and not watched or interrupted by other peoplevolume_up

She was longing for some peace and privacy.volume_up

private (adjective)

UK /ˈpraɪvət/US /ˈpraɪvət/

adjectiveB1

belonging to or for the use of a particular person or group; not for public usevolume_up

The sign said, ‘Private property. Keep out.’volume_up

prize (noun)

UK /praɪz/US /praɪz/

nounA2

an award that is given to a person who wins a competition, race, etc. or who does very good workvolume_up

She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.volume_up

probably (adverb)

UK /ˈprɒbəbli/US /ˈprɑːbəbli/

adverbA1

used to say that something is likely to happen or to be truevolume_up

You're probably right.volume_up

problem (noun)

UK /ˈprɒbləm/US /ˈprɑːbləm/

nounA1

a thing that is difficult to deal with or to understandvolume_up

big/serious/major problemsvolume_up

procedure (noun)

UK /prəˈsiːdʒə(r)/US /prəˈsiːdʒər/

nounB2

a way of doing something, especially the usual or correct wayvolume_up

emergency/safety/disciplinary proceduresvolume_up

process (verb)

UK /ˈprəʊses/US /ˈprɑːses/

nounA2

a series of things that are done in order to achieve a particular resultvolume_up

the consultation/planning processvolume_up

produce (verb)

UK /prəˈdjuːs/US /prəˈduːs/

nounB2

things that have been made or grown, especially things connected with farmingvolume_up

The market is full of farm produce.volume_up

verbA2

to make things to be sold, especially in large quantitiesvolume_up

Our company mainly produces goods for export.volume_up

producer (noun)

UK /prəˈdjuːsə(r)/US /prəˈduːsər/

nounB1

a person, a company or a country that grows or makes food, goods or materialsvolume_up

French wine producersvolume_up

product (noun)

UK /ˈprɒdʌkt/US /ˈprɑːdʌkt/

nounA1

a thing that is grown, produced or created, usually for salevolume_up

food/agricultural/software productsvolume_up

production (noun)

UK /prəˈdʌkʃn/US /prəˈdʌkʃn/

nounB1

the process of growing or making food, goods or materials, especially large quantitiesvolume_up

food/oil productionvolume_up

profession (noun)

UK /prəˈfeʃn/US /prəˈfeʃn/

nounB1

a type of job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high level of educationvolume_up

the medical/legal/teaching professionvolume_up

professional (noun)

UK /prəˈfeʃənl/US /prəˈfeʃənl/

adjectiveA2

doing something as a paid job rather than as a hobbyvolume_up

professional athletes/playersvolume_up

nounB2

a person who does a job that needs special training and a high level of educationvolume_up

You need a professional to sort out your finances.volume_up

professor (noun)

UK /prəˈfesə(r)/US /prəˈfesər/

nounA2

a university teacher of the highest rankvolume_up

Professor (Ann) Williamsvolume_up

profile (noun)

UK /ˈprəʊfaɪl/US /ˈprəʊfaɪl/

nounA2

a description of somebody/something that gives useful informationvolume_up

We first build up a detailed profile of our customers and their requirements.volume_up

profit (noun)

UK /ˈprɒfɪt/US /ˈprɑːfɪt/

nounB1

the money that you make in business or by selling things, especially after paying the costs involvedvolume_up

annual/pre-tax/corporate profitsvolume_up

program (verb)

UK /ˈprəʊɡræm/US /ˈprəʊɡræm/

nounA2

a set of instructions in code that control the operations or functions of a computervolume_up

You'll need to download and install the program on your computer.volume_up

verbB1

to give a computer, etc. a set of instructions to make it perform a particular taskvolume_up

In this class, students will learn how to program.volume_up

programme (noun)

UK /ˈprəʊɡræm/US /ˈprəʊɡræm/

nounA1

something that people watch on television or listen to on the radiovolume_up

a news programmevolume_up

progress (verb)

UK /prəˈɡres/US /prəˈɡres/

nounA2

the process of improving or developing, or of getting nearer to achieving or completing somethingvolume_up

I think we're making progress.volume_up

verbB2

to improve or develop over a period of time; to make progressvolume_up

The course allows students to progress at their own speed.volume_up

project (verb)

UK /prəˈdʒekt/US /prəˈdʒekt/

nounA1

a piece of work involving careful study of a subject over a period of time, done by school or college studentsvolume_up

a history projectvolume_up

verbB2

to estimate what the size, cost or amount of something will be in the future based on what is happening nowvolume_up

A growth rate of 4 per cent is projected for next year.volume_up

promise (verb)

UK /ˈprɒmɪs/US /ˈprɑːmɪs/

nounA2

a statement that tells somebody that you will definitely do or not do somethingvolume_up

to make/keep/fulfil/break a promisevolume_up

verbA2

to tell somebody that you will definitely do or not do something, or that something will definitely happenvolume_up

‘We haven't got time to go to the park.’ ‘But you promised!’volume_up

promote (verb)

UK /prəˈməʊt/US /prəˈməʊt/

verbB1

to help sell a product, service, etc. or make it more popular by advertising it or offering it at a special pricevolume_up

The band has gone on tour to promote their new album.volume_up

pronounce (verb)

UK /prəˈnaʊns/US /prəˈnaʊns/

verbA2

to make the sound of a word or letter in a particular wayvolume_up

to pronounce a word/syllable/vowel/consonantvolume_up

proof (noun)

UK /pruːf/US /pruːf/

nounB2

information, documents, etc. that show that something is truevolume_up

conclusive/definitive/scientific proofvolume_up

proper (adjective)

UK /ˈprɒpə(r)/US /ˈprɑːpər/

adjectiveB1

right, appropriate or correct; according to the rulesvolume_up

We should have had a proper discussion before voting.volume_up

properly (adverb)

UK /ˈprɒpəli/US /ˈprɑːpərli/

adverbB1

in a way that is correct and/or appropriatevolume_up

How much money do we need to do the job properly?volume_up

property (noun)

UK /ˈprɒpəti/US /ˈprɑːpərti/

nounB1

a thing or things that are owned by somebody; a possession or possessionsvolume_up

personal/stolen propertyvolume_up

proposal (noun)

UK /prəˈpəʊzl/US /prəˈpəʊzl/

nounB2

a formal suggestion or plan; the act of making a suggestionvolume_up

to submit/present/put forward a proposalvolume_up

propose (verb)

UK /prəˈpəʊz/US /prəˈpəʊz/

verbB2

to suggest a plan, an idea, etc. for people to think about and decide onvolume_up

The government proposed changes to the voting system.volume_up

prospect (noun)

UK /ˈprɒspekt/US /ˈprɑːspekt/

nounB2

the possibility that something will happenvolume_up

There is no immediate prospect of peace.volume_up

protect (verb)

UK /prəˈtekt/US /prəˈtekt/

verbA2

to make sure that somebody/something is not harmed, injured, damaged, etc.volume_up

to protect children/citizens/civilians/consumers/workersvolume_up

protection (noun)

UK /prəˈtekʃn/US /prəˈtekʃn/

nounB2

the act of protecting somebody/something; the state of being protectedvolume_up

Wear clothes that provide adequate protection against the wind and rain.volume_up

protest (verb)

UK /prəˈtest/US /prəˈtest/

nounB1

the expression of strong dislike of or opposition to something; a statement or an action that shows thisvolume_up

to hold/organize/join a protestvolume_up

verbB1

to say or do something to show that you disagree with something or think it is bad, especially publiclyvolume_up

I won't change my mind.volume_up

proud (adjective)

UK /praʊd/US /praʊd/

adjectiveB1

feeling pleased and satisfied about something that you own or have done, or are connected withvolume_up

proud parentsvolume_up

prove (verb)

UK /pruːv/US /pruːv/

verbB1

to use facts, evidence, etc. to show that something is truevolume_up

They hope this new evidence will prove her innocence.volume_up

provide (verb)

UK /prəˈvaɪd/US /prəˈvaɪd/

verbA2

to give something to somebody or make it available for them to usevolume_up

Please provide the following information.volume_up

psychologist (noun)

UK /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/US /saɪˈkɑːlədʒɪst/

nounB2

a scientist who studies and is trained in psychologyvolume_up

to see a psychologistvolume_up

psychology (noun)

UK /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/US /saɪˈkɑːlədʒi/

nounB2

the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviourvolume_up

clinical/educational/child/sport psychologyvolume_up

pub (noun)

UK /pʌb/US /pʌb/

nounA2

a building where people go to drink and meet their friends. Pubs serve alcoholic and other drinks, and often also food.volume_up

We're all going to the pub after work.volume_up

public (noun)

UK /ˈpʌblɪk/US /ˈpʌblɪk/

adjectiveA2

connected with ordinary people in society in generalvolume_up

The campaign is designed to increase public awareness of the issues.volume_up

nounA2

ordinary people in society in generalvolume_up

The palace is now open to the public.volume_up

publication (noun)

UK /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn/US /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn/

nounB2

the act of printing a book, a magazine, etc. and making it available to the public; a book, a magazine, etc. that has been publishedvolume_up

specialist publicationsvolume_up

publish (verb)

UK /ˈpʌblɪʃ/US /ˈpʌblɪʃ/

verbA2

to produce a book, magazine, CD-ROM, etc. and sell it to the publicvolume_up

to publish a book/novel/magazine/papervolume_up

pull (verb)

UK /pʊl/US /pʊl/

nounB1

an act of trying to make something move by taking hold of it and using force to bring it towards youvolume_up

I gave the door a sharp pull and it opened.volume_up

verbA2

to take hold of something and use force in order to move it or try to move it towards yourselfvolume_up

You push and I'll pull.volume_up

punish (verb)

UK /ˈpʌnɪʃ/US /ˈpʌnɪʃ/

verbB1

to make somebody suffer because they have broken the law or done something wrongvolume_up

Those responsible for this crime will be severely punished.volume_up

punishment (noun)

UK /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/US /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

nounB1

an act or a way of punishing somebodyvolume_up

to inflict/impose/mete out punishmentvolume_up

pupil (noun)

UK /ˈpjuːpl/US /ˈpjuːpl/

nounB2

a person who is being taught, especially a child in a schoolvolume_up

school pupilsvolume_up

purchase (verb)

UK /ˈpɜːtʃəs/US /ˈpɜːrtʃəs/

nounB2

the act or process of buying somethingvolume_up

to make a purchase (= buy something)volume_up

verbB2

to buy somethingvolume_up

Please ensure that you purchase your ticket in advance.volume_up

pure (adjective)

UK /pjʊə(r)/US /pjʊr/

adjectiveB2

not mixed with anything else; with nothing addedvolume_up

pure goldvolume_up

purple (noun)

UK /ˈpɜːpl/US /ˈpɜːrpl/

adjectiveA1

having the colour of blue and red mixed togethervolume_up

a purple flower/dressvolume_up

nounA1

the colour of blue and red mixed togethervolume_up

Her hair was dyed a bright shade of purple.volume_up

purpose (noun)

UK /ˈpɜːpəs/US /ˈpɜːrpəs/

nounA2

the intention, aim or function of something; the thing that something is supposed to achievevolume_up

Our campaign's main purpose is to raise money.volume_up

pursue (verb)

UK /pəˈsjuː/US /pərˈsuː/

verbB2

to do something or try to achieve something over a period of timevolume_up

to pursue a goalvolume_up

push (verb)

UK /pʊʃ/US /pʊʃ/

nounB1

an act of pushing something/somebodyvolume_up

She gave him a gentle push.volume_up

verbA2

to use your hands, arms or body in order to make somebody/something move forward or away from you; to move part of your body into a particular positionvolume_up

We pushed and pushed but the piano wouldn't move.volume_up

put (verb)

UK /pʊt/US /pʊt/

verbA1

to move something into a particular place or positionvolume_up

Put the cases down there, please.volume_up

qualification (noun)

UK /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/US /ˌkwɑːlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/

nounB1

an exam that you have passed or a course of study that you have successfully completedvolume_up

academic/educational/professional/vocational qualificationsvolume_up

qualified (adjective)

UK /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/US /ˈkwɑːlɪfaɪd/

adjectiveB1

having passed the exams or completed the training that are necessary in order to do a particular job; having the experience to do a particular jobvolume_up

a qualified teachervolume_up

qualify (verb)

UK /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/US /ˈkwɑːlɪfaɪ/

verbB1

to reach the standard of ability or knowledge needed to do a particular job, for example by completing a course of study or passing examsvolume_up

How long does it take to qualify?volume_up

quality (noun)

UK /ˈkwɒləti/US /ˈkwɑːləti/

nounA2

the standard of something when it is compared to other things like it; how good or bad something isvolume_up

Improving the quality of care for nursing home residents is a priority.volume_up

quantity (noun)

UK /ˈkwɒntəti/US /ˈkwɑːntəti/

nounA2

an amount or a number of somethingvolume_up

a large/small quantity of somethingvolume_up

quarter (noun)

UK /ˈkwɔːtə(r)/US /ˈkwɔːrtər/

nounA1

one of four equal parts of somethingvolume_up

a quarter of an hour/a centuryvolume_up

queen (noun)

UK /kwiːn/US /kwiːn/

nounA2

the female ruler of an independent state that has a royal familyvolume_up

She was crowned queen at the age of fifteen.volume_up

question (verb)

UK /ˈkwestʃən/US /ˈkwestʃən/

nounA1

a sentence, phrase or word that asks for informationvolume_up

You didn't answer my question.volume_up

verbA2

to ask somebody questions about something, especially officiallyvolume_up

Police are keen to question any witnesses.volume_up

queue (verb)

UK /kjuː/US /kjuː/

nounB1

a line of people, cars, etc. waiting for something or to do somethingvolume_up

There were long queues at polling stations.volume_up

verbB1

to wait in a line of people, vehicles, etc. in order to do something, get something or go somewherevolume_up

People queued up outside.volume_up

quick (adjective)

UK /kwɪk/US /kwɪk/

adjectiveA1

done with speed; taking or lasting a short timevolume_up

a quick look/check/searchvolume_up

quickly (adverb)

UK /ˈkwɪkli/US /ˈkwɪkli/

adverbA1

fastvolume_up

She walked quickly away.volume_up

quiet (adjective)

UK /ˈkwaɪət/US /ˈkwaɪət/

adjectiveA1

making very little noisevolume_up

her quiet voicevolume_up

quietly (adverb)

UK /ˈkwaɪətli/US /ˈkwaɪətli/

adverbA2

in a way that makes very little noisevolume_up

to ask/speak/talk quietlyvolume_up

quit (verb)

UK /kwɪt/US /kwɪt/

verbB1

to leave your job, school, etc.volume_up

If I don't get more money I'll quit.volume_up

quite (adverb)

UK /kwaɪt/US /kwaɪt/

adverbA1

to some degreevolume_up

quite good/interesting/common/difficultvolume_up

quotation (noun)

UK /kwəʊˈteɪʃn/US /kwəʊˈteɪʃn/

nounB1

a group of words or a short piece of writing taken from a book, play, speech, etc. and repeated because it is interesting or usefulvolume_up

a dictionary of quotationsvolume_up

quote (verb)

UK /kwəʊt/US /kwəʊt/

nounB1

a group of words or a short piece of writing taken from a book, play, speech, etc. and repeated because it is interesting or usefulvolume_up

The essay was full of quotes.volume_up

verbB1

to repeat the exact words that another person has said or writtenvolume_up

to quote Shakespearevolume_up

race (verb)

UK /reɪs/US /reɪs/

nounA2

a competition between people, animals, vehicles, etc. to see which one is the faster or fastestvolume_up

a boat/horse racevolume_up

verbA2

to compete against somebody/something to see who can go faster or the fastest, do something first, etc.; to take part in a race or racesvolume_up

They raced to a thrilling victory in the relay.volume_up

racing (noun)

UK /ˈreɪsɪŋ/US /ˈreɪsɪŋ/

nounB1

the sport of racing horsesvolume_up

He used to watch the racing on TV in the afternoons.volume_up

radio (noun)

UK /ˈreɪdiəʊ/US /ˈreɪdiəʊ/

nounA1

the activity of broadcasting programmes for people to listen to; the programmes that are broadcastvolume_up

The play was written specially for radio.volume_up

railway (noun)

UK /ˈreɪlweɪ/US /ˈreɪlweɪ/

nounA2

a track with rails on which trains runvolume_up

The railway is still under construction.volume_up

rain (verb)

UK /reɪn/US /reɪn/

nounA1

water that falls from the sky in separate dropsvolume_up

There will be rain in all parts tomorrow.volume_up

verbA1

when it rains, water falls from the sky in dropsvolume_up

Is it raining?volume_up

raise (verb)

UK /reɪz/US /reɪz/

verbA2

to lift or move something to a higher levelvolume_up

She raised the gun and fired.volume_up

range (verb)

UK /reɪndʒ/US /reɪndʒ/

nounB1

a variety of things of a particular typevolume_up

The hotel offers a wide range of facilities.volume_up

verbB2

to vary between two particular amounts, sizes, etc., including others between themvolume_up

Accommodation ranges from tourist class to luxury hotels.volume_up

rank (verb)

UK /ræŋk/US /ræŋk/

nounB2

the position, especially a high position, that somebody has in a particular organization, society, etc.volume_up

She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank.volume_up

verbB2

to give somebody/something a particular position on a scale according to quality, importance, success, etc.; to have a position of this kindvolume_up

In most Australian elections, electors are required to rank all candidates.volume_up

rapid (adjective)

UK /ˈræpɪd/US /ˈræpɪd/

adjectiveB2

happening quickly or in a short period of timevolume_up

rapid change/expansion/growth/developmentvolume_up

rapidly (adverb)

UK /ˈræpɪdli/US /ˈræpɪdli/

adverbB2

very quickly; at a great ratevolume_up

to increase/spread/expand rapidlyvolume_up

rare (adjective)

UK /reə(r)/US /rer/

adjectiveB1

not done, seen, happening, etc. very oftenvolume_up

a rare disease/occurrence/eventvolume_up

rarely (adverb)

UK /ˈreəli/US /ˈrerli/

adverbB1

not very oftenvolume_up

She is rarely seen in public nowadays.volume_up

rate (verb)

UK /reɪt/US /reɪt/

nounA2

a measurement of the speed at which something happensvolume_up

Figures published today show another fall in the rate of inflation.volume_up

verbB2

to have or think that somebody/something has a particular level of quality, value, etc.volume_up

The university is highly rated for its research.volume_up

rather (adverb)

UK /ˈrɑːðə(r)/US /ˈræðər/

adverbA2

used to mean ‘fairly’ or ‘to some degree’, often when you are disappointed, surprised or expressing slight criticismvolume_up

rather odd/strange/unusualvolume_up

raw (adjective)

UK /rɔː/US /rɔː/

adjectiveB2

not cookedvolume_up

raw meatvolume_up

reach (verb)

UK /riːtʃ/US /riːtʃ/

nounB2

the distance over which you can stretch your arms to touch something; the distance over which a particular object can be used to touch something elsevolume_up

The shot was well beyond the reach of the goalkeeper.volume_up

verbA2

to arrive at the place that you have been travelling tovolume_up

They didn't reach the border until after dark.volume_up

react (verb)

UK /riˈækt/US /riˈækt/

verbA2

to change or behave in a particular way as a result of or in response to somethingvolume_up

I nudged her but she didn't react.volume_up

reaction (noun)

UK /riˈækʃn/US /riˈækʃn/

nounB1

what you do, say or think as a result of something that has happenedvolume_up

to provoke/cause/get a reactionvolume_up

read (verb)

UK /riːd/US /riːd/

verbA1

to look at and understand the meaning of written or printed words or symbolsvolume_up

She's still learning to read.volume_up

reader (noun)

UK /ˈriːdə(r)/US /ˈriːdər/

nounA1

a person who reads, especially one who reads a lot or in a particular wayvolume_up

an avid reader of science fictionvolume_up

reading (noun)

UK /ˈriːdɪŋ/US /ˈriːdɪŋ/

nounA1

the activity of somebody who readsvolume_up

My hobbies include reading and painting.volume_up

ready (adjective)

UK /ˈredi/US /ˈredi/

adjectiveA1

fully prepared for what you are going to do and able to start it immediatelyvolume_up

Just a minute—I'm almost ready.volume_up

real (adjective)

UK /ˈriːəl/US /ˈriːəl/

adjectiveA1

actually existing or happening and not imagined or pretendedvolume_up

a real danger/risk/threat/concernvolume_up

realistic (adjective)

UK /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/US /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/

adjectiveB2

accepting in a sensible way what it is actually possible to do or achieve in a particular situationvolume_up

a realistic assessment/approach/viewvolume_up

reality (noun)

UK /riˈæləti/US /riˈæləti/

nounB1

the true situation and the problems that actually exist in life, in contrast to how you would like life to bevolume_up

She refuses to face reality.volume_up

realize (verb)

UK /ˈriːəlaɪz/US /ˈriːəlaɪz/

verbA2

to understand or become aware of a particular fact or situationvolume_up

I didn’t realize (that) you were so unhappy.volume_up

really (adverb)

UK /ˈriːəli/US /ˈriːəli/

adverbA1

used to emphasize an adjective or adverbvolume_up

That's a really good idea.volume_up

reason (noun)

UK /ˈriːzn/US /ˈriːzn/

nounA1

a cause or an explanation for something that has happened or that somebody has donevolume_up

He said no but he didn't give a reason.volume_up

reasonable (adjective)

UK /ˈriːznəbl/US /ˈriːznəbl/

adjectiveB2

fair, practical, and sensiblevolume_up

It is reasonable to assume that he knew beforehand that this would happen.volume_up

recall (verb)

UK /rɪˈkɔːl/US /rɪˈkɔːl/

verbB2

to remember somethingvolume_up

She could not recall his name.volume_up

receipt (noun)

UK /rɪˈsiːt/US /rɪˈsiːt/

nounB1

a piece of paper or an electronic document that shows that goods or services have been paid forvolume_up

Can I have a receipt, please?volume_up

receive (verb)

UK /rɪˈsiːv/US /rɪˈsiːv/

verbA2

to get or accept something that is sent or given to youvolume_up

receive somethingvolume_up

recent (adjective)

UK /ˈriːsnt/US /ˈriːsnt/

adjectiveA2

that happened or began only a short time agovolume_up

a recent study/report/surveyvolume_up

recently (adverb)

UK /ˈriːsntli/US /ˈriːsntli/

adverbA2

not long agovolume_up

a recently published bookvolume_up

reception (noun)

UK /rɪˈsepʃn/US /rɪˈsepʃn/

nounA2

the area inside the entrance of a hotel, an office building, etc. where guests or visitors go first when they arrivevolume_up

Please report to reception on arrival.volume_up

recipe (noun)

UK /ˈresəpi/US /ˈresəpi/

nounA2

a set of instructions that tells you how to cook something and the ingredients (= items of food) you need for itvolume_up

a recipe for chicken soupvolume_up

recognize (verb)

UK /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/US /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/

verbA2

to know who somebody is or what something is when you see or hear them or it, because you have seen or heard them or it beforevolume_up

I recognized him as soon as he came in the room.volume_up

recommend (verb)

UK /ˌrekəˈmend/US /ˌrekəˈmend/

verbA2

to tell somebody that something is good or useful, or that somebody would be suitable for a particular job, etc.volume_up

The hotel's new restaurant comes highly recommended (= a lot of people have praised it).volume_up

recommendation (noun)

UK /ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn/US /ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn/

nounB1

an official suggestion about the best thing to dovolume_up

to accept/reject a recommendationvolume_up

record (verb)

UK /rɪˈkɔːd/US /rɪˈkɔːrd/

nounA2

a written account of something that is kept so that it can be looked at and used in the futurevolume_up

You should keep a record of your expenses.volume_up

verbA2

to keep a permanent account of facts or events by writing them down, filming them, storing them in a computer, etc.volume_up

Her childhood is recorded in the diaries of those years.volume_up

recording (noun)

UK /rɪˈkɔːdɪŋ/US /rɪˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

nounA2

sound or pictures that have been recorded on computer files or on CD, DVD, video, etc.volume_up

an audio recordingvolume_up

recover (verb)

UK /rɪˈkʌvə(r)/US /rɪˈkʌvər/

verbB2

to get well again after being ill, hurt, etc.volume_up

He's still recovering from his operation.volume_up

recycle (verb)

UK /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/US /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/

verbA2

to treat things that have already been used so that they can be used againvolume_up

to recycle waste/rubbishvolume_up

red (noun)

UK /red/US /red/

adjectiveA1

having the colour of blood or firevolume_up

bright/light/dark red lipstickvolume_up

nounA1

the colour of blood or firevolume_up

She often wears red.volume_up

reduce (verb)

UK /rɪˈdjuːs/US /rɪˈduːs/

verbA2

to make something less or smaller in size, quantity, price, etc.; to become less or smaller in size, quantity, etc.volume_up

Reduce speed now (= on a sign).volume_up

reduction (noun)

UK /rɪˈdʌkʃn/US /rɪˈdʌkʃn/

nounB2

an act of making something less or smaller; the state of being made less or smallervolume_up

Some staff received wage rises, while others experienced a reduction.volume_up

refer (verb)

UK /rɪˈfɜː(r)/US /rɪˈfɜːr/

verbA2

to send somebody/something to somebody/something for help, advice or a decisionvolume_up

My doctor referred me to a specialist.volume_up

reference (noun)

UK /ˈrefrəns/US /ˈrefrəns/

nounB1

a thing you say or write that mentions somebody/something else; the act of mentioning somebody/somethingvolume_up

She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.volume_up

reflect (verb)

UK /rɪˈflekt/US /rɪˈflekt/

verbB1

to show the image of somebody/something on the surface of something such as a mirror, water or glassvolume_up

His face was reflected in the mirror.volume_up

refuse (verb)

UK /rɪˈfjuːz/US /rɪˈfjuːz/

verbA2

to say or show that you will not do something that somebody has asked you to dovolume_up

Go on, ask her; she can hardly refuse.volume_up

regard (verb)

UK /rɪˈɡɑːd/US /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

nounB2

attention to or thought and care for somebody/somethingvolume_up

to have scant/little/no regard for somebody/somethingvolume_up

verbB2

to think about somebody/something in a particular wayvolume_up

They regarded people outside their own town with suspicion.volume_up

region (noun)

UK /ˈriːdʒən/US /ˈriːdʒən/

nounA2

a large area of land, usually without exact limits or bordersvolume_up

mountainous/coastal regionsvolume_up

regional (adjective)

UK /ˈriːdʒənl/US /ˈriːdʒənl/

adjectiveB2

of or relating to a regionvolume_up

services available at a local and regional levelvolume_up

register (verb)

UK /ˈredʒɪstə(r)/US /ˈredʒɪstər/

nounB2

an official list or record of names, items, etc.; a book that contains such a listvolume_up

The bride and groom signed the register.volume_up

verbB2

to record your/somebody’s/something’s name on an official listvolume_up

You can also register online.volume_up

regret (verb)

UK /rɪˈɡret/US /rɪˈɡret/

nounB2

a sad feeling because of something that has happened or something that you have done or not donevolume_up

a feeling/pang/twinge of regretvolume_up

verbB2

to feel sorry about something you have done or about something that you have not been able to dovolume_up

If you don't do it now, you'll only regret it.volume_up

regular (adjective)

UK /ˈreɡjələ(r)/US /ˈreɡjələr/

adjectiveA2

following a pattern, especially with the same time or space in between each thing and the nextvolume_up

regular breathingvolume_up

regularly (adverb)

UK /ˈreɡjələli/US /ˈreɡjələrli/

adverbB1

at regular intervals or timesvolume_up

We meet regularly to discuss the progress of the project.volume_up

regulation (noun)

UK /ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/US /ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/

nounB2

an official rule made by a government or some other authorityvolume_up

too many rules and regulationsvolume_up

reject (verb)

UK /rɪˈdʒekt/US /rɪˈdʒekt/

verbB1

to refuse to accept or consider somethingvolume_up

to reject an argument/a hypothesis/a notion/a planvolume_up

relate (verb)

UK /rɪˈleɪt/US /rɪˈleɪt/

verbB1

show or make a connection between two or more thingsvolume_up

I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind.volume_up

related (adjective)

UK /rɪˈleɪtɪd/US /rɪˈleɪtɪd/

adjectiveB1

connected with something/somebody in some wayvolume_up

The amount of protein you need is directly related to your lifestyle.volume_up

relation (noun)

UK /rɪˈleɪʃn/US /rɪˈleɪʃn/

nounB1

the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each othervolume_up

diplomatic/international/foreign relationsvolume_up

relationship (noun)

UK /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/US /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/

nounA2

the way in which two people, groups or countries behave towards each other or deal with each othervolume_up

a personal/working relationshipvolume_up

relative (noun)

UK /ˈrelətɪv/US /ˈrelətɪv/

adjectiveB1

considered and judged by being compared with something elsevolume_up

You must consider the relative merits of the two plans.volume_up

nounB1

a person who is in the same family as somebody elsevolume_up

a close/distant relativevolume_up

relatively (adverb)

UK /ˈrelətɪvli/US /ˈrelətɪvli/

adverbB2

to a fairly large degree, especially in comparison to something elsevolume_up

relatively large/small/high/lowvolume_up

relax (verb)

UK /rɪˈlæks/US /rɪˈlæks/

verbA1

to rest while you are doing something that you enjoy, especially after work or effortvolume_up

Just relax and enjoy the movie.volume_up

relaxed (adjective)

UK /rɪˈlækst/US /rɪˈlækst/

adjectiveB1

calm and not anxious or worriedvolume_up

He appeared relaxed and confident before the match.volume_up

relaxing (adjective)

UK /rɪˈlæksɪŋ/US /rɪˈlæksɪŋ/

adjectiveB1

helping you to rest and become less anxiousvolume_up

a relaxing evening with friendsvolume_up

release (verb)

UK /rɪˈliːs/US /rɪˈliːs/

nounB1

the act of setting a person or an animal free; the state of being set freevolume_up

The government has been working to secure the release of the hostages.volume_up

verbB1

to let somebody come out of a place where they have been kept or stuck and unable to leave or movevolume_up

to release a prisonervolume_up

relevant (adjective)

UK /ˈreləvənt/US /ˈreləvənt/

adjectiveB2

closely connected with the subject you are discussing or the situation you are involume_up

relevant information/facts/documents/factorsvolume_up

reliable (adjective)

UK /rɪˈlaɪəbl/US /rɪˈlaɪəbl/

adjectiveB1

that can be trusted to do something well; that you can rely onvolume_up

We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working.volume_up

relief (noun)

UK /rɪˈliːf/US /rɪˈliːf/

nounB2

the feeling of happiness that you have when something unpleasant stops or does not happenvolume_up

I felt a huge sense of relief when I heard they were all OK.volume_up

religion (noun)

UK /rɪˈlɪdʒən/US /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

nounB1

the belief in the existence of a god or gods, and the activities that are connected with the worship of them, or in the teachings of a spiritual leadervolume_up

Is there always a conflict between science and religion?volume_up

religious (adjective)

UK /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/US /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

adjectiveB1

connected with religion or with a particular religionvolume_up

religious beliefs/convictions/faithvolume_up

rely (verb)

UK /rɪˈlaɪ/US /rɪˈlaɪ/

remain (verb)

UK /rɪˈmeɪn/US /rɪˈmeɪn/

verbB1

to continue to be something; to be still in the same state or conditionvolume_up

remain + adj., to remain silentvolume_up

remark (verb)

UK /rɪˈmɑːk/US /rɪˈmɑːrk/

nounB2

something that you say or write which expresses an opinion, a thought, etc. about somebody/somethingvolume_up

to make a remarkvolume_up

verbB2

to say or write a comment about something/somebodyvolume_up

Sport, George Orwell once remarked, is like war.volume_up

remember (verb)

UK /rɪˈmembə(r)/US /rɪˈmembər/

verbA1

to have or keep an image in your memory of an event, a person, a place, etc. from the pastvolume_up

This is Carla. Do you remember her?volume_up

remind (verb)

UK /rɪˈmaɪnd/US /rɪˈmaɪnd/

verbB1

to help somebody remember something, especially something important that they must dovolume_up

I've forgotten your name. Can you remind me?volume_up

remote (adjective)

UK /rɪˈməʊt/US /rɪˈməʊt/

adjectiveB1

far away from places where other people livevolume_up

a remote village/island/location/regionvolume_up

remove (verb)

UK /rɪˈmuːv/US /rɪˈmuːv/

verbA2

to take somebody/something away from a placevolume_up

Illegally parked vehicles will be removed.volume_up

rent (verb)

UK /rent/US /rent/

nounB1

an amount of money that you regularly pay so that you can use a house, room, etc.volume_up

I earn just about enough to pay the rent.volume_up

verbB1

to regularly pay money to somebody so that you can use something that they own, such as a house, a room, some land, etc.volume_up

Are you looking to buy or rent?volume_up

repair (verb)

UK /rɪˈpeə(r)/US /rɪˈper/

nounB1

an act of repairing somethingvolume_up

They agreed to pay the costs of any repairs.volume_up

verbA2

to fix something that is broken, damaged or tornvolume_up

to repair a car/televisionvolume_up

repeat (verb)

UK /rɪˈpiːt/US /rɪˈpiːt/

nounB1

an event that is very similar to something that happened beforevolume_up

She didn't want a repeat performance of what had happened the night before.volume_up

verbA1

to say or write something again or more than oncevolume_up

to repeat a question/a claim/an assertion/a warningvolume_up

repeated (adjective)

UK /rɪˈpiːtɪd/US /rɪˈpiːtɪd/

adjectiveB1

happening, said or done many timesvolume_up

repeated absences from workvolume_up

replace (verb)

UK /rɪˈpleɪs/US /rɪˈpleɪs/

verbA2

to be used instead of somebody/something else; to do something instead of somebody/something elsevolume_up

The new design will eventually replace all existing models.volume_up

reply (verb)

UK /rɪˈplaɪ/US /rɪˈplaɪ/

nounA2

an act of replying to something/somebody in speech, writing or by some actionvolume_up

I asked her what her name was but she made no reply.volume_up

verbA2

to say or write something as an answer to somebody/somethingvolume_up

She didn't even bother to reply.volume_up

report (verb)

UK /rɪˈpɔːt/US /rɪˈpɔːrt/

nounA1

a written or spoken account of an event, especially one that is published or broadcastvolume_up

Are these news reports true?volume_up

verbA2

to give people information about something that you have heard, seen, done, etc.volume_up

The crash happened seconds after the pilot reported engine trouble.volume_up

reporter (noun)

UK /rɪˈpɔːtə(r)/US /rɪˈpɔːrtər/

nounA2

a person who collects and reports news for newspapers, radio or televisionvolume_up

He leaked the story to a news reporter.volume_up

represent (verb)

UK /ˌreprɪˈzent/US /ˌreprɪˈzent/

verbB1

to be a member of a group of people and act or speak for them at an event, a meeting, etc.volume_up

The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing eight different countries.volume_up

representative (noun)

UK /ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/US /ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv/

adjectiveB2

typical of a particular group of people; that is a typical example of somethingvolume_up

Is a questionnaire answered by 500 people truly representative of the population as a whole?volume_up

nounB2

a person who has been chosen to speak or vote for somebody else or for a group of people, or to take the place of somebody elsevolume_up

Our elected representatives in government should be doing something about this.volume_up

reputation (noun)

UK /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/US /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/

nounB2

the opinion that people have about what somebody/something is like, based on what has happened in the pastvolume_up

to have a good/bad reputationvolume_up

request (verb)

UK /rɪˈkwest/US /rɪˈkwest/

nounA2

the action of asking for something formally and politely; a thing that you formally ask forvolume_up

a request for informationvolume_up

verbB1

to ask for something or ask somebody to do something in a polite or formal wayvolume_up

She requested permission to film at the White House.volume_up

require (verb)

UK /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)/US /rɪˈkwaɪər/

verbB1

to need something; to depend on somebody/somethingvolume_up

These pets require a lot of care and attention.volume_up

requirement (noun)

UK /rɪˈkwaɪəmənt/US /rɪˈkwaɪərmənt/

nounB2

something that you need or wantvolume_up

the basic requirements of lifevolume_up

rescue (verb)

UK /ˈreskjuː/US /ˈreskjuː/

nounB2

the act of saving somebody/something from a dangerous or difficult situation; the fact of being savedvolume_up

We had given up hope of rescue.volume_up

verbB2

to save somebody/something from a dangerous or harmful situationvolume_up

The coastguard rescued six people from the sinking boat.volume_up

research (verb)

UK /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/US /rɪˈsɜːrtʃ/

nounA2

a careful study of a subject, especially in order to discover new facts or information about itvolume_up

scientific/medical/academic researchvolume_up

verbA2

to study something carefully and try to discover new facts about itvolume_up

research (something), to research a topic/subjectvolume_up

researcher (noun)

UK /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/US /ˈriːsɜːrtʃər/

nounA2

a person who studies something carefully and tries to discover new facts about itvolume_up

European researchers say olive oil could help prevent cancer.volume_up

reservation (noun)

UK /ˌrezəˈveɪʃn/US /ˌrezərˈveɪʃn/

nounB1

an arrangement for a seat on a plane or train, a room in a hotel, etc. to be kept for youvolume_up

I'll call the restaurant and make a reservation.volume_up

reserve (verb)

UK /rɪˈzɜːv/US /rɪˈzɜːrv/

nounB2

a supply of something that is available to be used in the future or when it is neededvolume_up

cash/foreign currency reservesvolume_up

verbB2

to ask for a seat, table, room, etc. to be available for you or somebody else at a future timevolume_up

I'd like to reserve a table for three for eight o'clock.volume_up

resident (noun)

UK /ˈrezɪdənt/US /ˈrezɪdənt/

adjectiveB2

living in a particular placevolume_up

the town’s resident population (= not tourists or visitors)volume_up

nounB2

a person who lives in a particular place or who has their home therevolume_up

a resident of the United Statesvolume_up

resist (verb)

UK /rɪˈzɪst/US /rɪˈzɪst/

verbB2

to refuse to accept something and try to stop it from happeningvolume_up

They are determined to resist pressure to change the law.volume_up

resolve (verb)

UK /rɪˈzɒlv/US /rɪˈzɑːlv/

verbB2

to find an acceptable solution to a problem or difficultyvolume_up

to resolve an issue/a dispute/a conflict/a crisisvolume_up

resort (noun)

UK /rɪˈzɔːt/US /rɪˈzɔːrt/

nounB2

a place where a lot of people go on holidayvolume_up

seaside/mountain resortsvolume_up

resource (noun)

UK /rɪˈsɔːs/US /ˈriːsɔːrs/

nounB1

a supply of something that a country, an organization or a person has and can use, especially to increase their wealthvolume_up

the exploitation of minerals and other natural resourcesvolume_up

respect (verb)

UK /rɪˈspekt/US /rɪˈspekt/

nounB1

a strong feeling of approval of somebody/something because of their good qualities or achievementsvolume_up

I have the utmost respect for her and her work.volume_up

verbB1

to have a very good opinion of somebody/something; to admire somebody/somethingvolume_up

I respect Jack's opinion on most subjects.volume_up

respond (verb)

UK /rɪˈspɒnd/US /rɪˈspɑːnd/

verbA2

to give a spoken or written answer to somebody/somethingvolume_up

I asked him his name, but he didn't respond.volume_up

response (noun)

UK /rɪˈspɒns/US /rɪˈspɑːns/

nounA2

a spoken or written answervolume_up

She made no response.volume_up

responsibility (noun)

UK /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/US /rɪˌspɑːnsəˈbɪləti/

nounB1

a duty to deal with or take care of somebody/something, so that you may be blamed if something goes wrongvolume_up

to be in a position of responsibilityvolume_up

responsible (adjective)

UK /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/US /rɪˈspɑːnsəbl/

adjectiveB1

having the job or duty of doing something or taking care of somebody/something, so that you may be blamed if something goes wrongvolume_up

Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.volume_up

rest (verb)

UK /rest/US /rest/

nounA2

the part of something that remainsvolume_up

Take what you want and throw the rest away.volume_up

verbA2

to relax, sleep or do nothing after a period of activity or illness; to not use a part of your body for some timevolume_up

The doctor told me to rest.volume_up

restaurant (noun)

UK /ˈrestrɒnt/US /ˈrestrɑːnt/

nounA1

a place where you can buy and eat a mealvolume_up

We're going to try this Italian restaurant that just opened.volume_up

result (verb)

UK /rɪˈzʌlt/US /rɪˈzʌlt/

nounA1

a thing that is caused or produced because of something elsevolume_up

And did your intervention produce the desired result?volume_up

verbB1

to make something happenvolume_up

A heavy frost could result in loss of the crop.volume_up

retain (verb)

UK /rɪˈteɪn/US /rɪˈteɪn/

verbB2

to keep something; to continue to have somethingvolume_up

to retain your independencevolume_up

retire (verb)

UK /rɪˈtaɪə(r)/US /rɪˈtaɪər/

verbB1

to leave your job and stop working, especially because you have reached a particular age or because you are ill; to tell somebody they must stop doing their jobvolume_up

He is retiring next year after 30 years with the company.volume_up

retired (adjective)

UK /rɪˈtaɪəd/US /rɪˈtaɪərd/

adjectiveB1

having retired from workvolume_up

a retired doctor/teacher/officer/generalvolume_up

return (verb)

UK /rɪˈtɜːn/US /rɪˈtɜːrn/

nounA1

the action of arriving in or coming back to a place that you were in beforevolume_up

A week had passed since their return to Geneva.volume_up

verbA1

to come or go back from one place to anothervolume_up

I waited a long time for him to return.volume_up

reveal (verb)

UK /rɪˈviːl/US /rɪˈviːl/

verbB2

to make something known to somebodyvolume_up

to reveal a secretvolume_up

review (verb)

UK /rɪˈvjuː/US /rɪˈvjuː/

nounA2

a report in a newspaper or magazine, or on the internet, television or radio, in which somebody gives their opinion of a book, play, film, product, etc.; the act of writing this kind of reportvolume_up

a book reviewvolume_up

verbA2

to write a report of a book, play, film, product, etc. in which you give your opinion of itvolume_up

Please rate and review your purchase on our website.volume_up

revise (verb)

UK /rɪˈvaɪz/US /rɪˈvaɪz/

verbB1

to change your opinions or plans, for example because of something you have learnedvolume_up

I can see I will have to revise my opinions of his abilities now.volume_up

revolution (noun)

UK /ˌrevəˈluːʃn/US /ˌrevəˈluːʃn/

nounB2

an attempt, by a large number of people, to change the government of a country, especially by violent actionvolume_up

a socialist revolutionvolume_up

reward (verb)

UK /rɪˈwɔːd/US /rɪˈwɔːrd/

nounB2

a thing that you are given because you have done something good, worked hard, etc.volume_up

a financial rewardvolume_up

verbB2

to give something to somebody because they have done something good, worked hard, etc.volume_up

She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.volume_up

rhythm (noun)

UK /ˈrɪðəm/US /ˈrɪðəm/

nounB2

a strong regular repeated pattern of sounds or movementsvolume_up

to dance to the rhythm of the musicvolume_up

rice (noun)

UK /raɪs/US /raɪs/

nounA1

short, narrow white or brown grain grown on wet land in hot countries as food; the plant that produces this grainvolume_up

a grain of ricevolume_up

rich (adjective)

UK /rɪtʃ/US /rɪtʃ/

adjectiveA1

having a lot of money or propertyvolume_up

She's one of the richest women in the world.volume_up

rid (verb)

UK /rɪd/US /rɪd/

verbB2

to be free of somebody/something that has been annoying you or that you do not wantvolume_up

She wanted to be rid of her parents and their authority.volume_up

ride (verb)

UK /raɪd/US /raɪd/

nounA2

a short journey in a vehicle, on a bicycle, etc.volume_up

a train ride through beautiful countrysidevolume_up

verbA1

to sit on an animal, especially a horse, and control it as it movesvolume_up

I learnt to ride as a child.volume_up

right (noun)

UK /raɪt/US /raɪt/

adjectiveA1

true or correct as a factvolume_up

Did you get the answer right?volume_up

adverbA1

on or to the right sidevolume_up

Turn right at the end of the street.volume_up

nounA1

the right side or directionvolume_up

Take the first street on the right.volume_up

ring (verb)

UK /rɪŋ/US /rɪŋ/

nounA2

a piece of jewellery that you wear on your finger, consisting of a round band of gold, silver, etc., sometimes decorated with precious stonesvolume_up

a gold ringvolume_up

verbA2

to surround somebody/somethingvolume_up

Thousands of demonstrators ringed the building.volume_up

rise (verb)

UK /raɪz/US /raɪz/

nounB1

an increase in an amount, a number or a levelvolume_up

The industry is feeling the effects of recent price rises.volume_up

verbA2

to come or go upwards; to reach a higher level or positionvolume_up

The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.volume_up

risk (verb)

UK /rɪsk/US /rɪsk/

nounB1

the possibility of something bad happening at some time in the future; a situation that could be dangerous or have a bad resultvolume_up

The health risks are very low.volume_up

verbB1

to put something valuable or important in a dangerous situation, in which it could be lost or damagedvolume_up

He risked his life to save her.volume_up

river (noun)

UK /ˈrɪvə(r)/US /ˈrɪvər/

nounA1

a natural flow of water that continues in a long line across land to the seavolume_up

Eventually we came to the mouth of the River Thames.volume_up

road (noun)

UK /rəʊd/US /rəʊd/

nounA1

a hard surface built for vehicles to travel onvolume_up

a main/major/minor roadvolume_up

robot (noun)

UK /ˈrəʊbɒt/US /ˈrəʊbɑːt/

nounB1

a machine that can perform a complicated series of tasks by itselfvolume_up

These cars are built by robots.volume_up

rock (verb)

UK /rɒk/US /rɑːk/

nounA2

the hard solid material that forms part of the surface of the earth and some other planetsvolume_up

They drilled through several layers of rock to reach the oil.volume_up

verbC1

to move gently backwards and forwards or from side to side; to make somebody/something move in this wayvolume_up

The boat rocked from side to side in the waves.volume_up

role (noun)

UK /rəʊl/US /rəʊl/

nounA2

an actor’s part in a play, film, etc.volume_up

She has landed the lead role (= the most important one) in a new play.volume_up

roll (verb)

UK /rəʊl/US /rəʊl/

nounB1

a small loaf of bread for one personvolume_up

Soup and a roll: £3.50volume_up

verbB1

to turn over and over and move in a particular direction; to make a round object do thisvolume_up

The ball rolled down the hill.volume_up

romantic (adjective)

UK /rəʊˈmæntɪk/US /rəʊˈmæntɪk/

adjectiveB1

connected with or about love or a sexual relationshipvolume_up

a romantic candlelit dinnervolume_up

roof (noun)

UK /ruːf/US /ruːf/

nounA2

the structure that covers or forms the top of a building or vehiclevolume_up

a flat/sloping/pitched roofvolume_up

room (noun)

UK /ruːm/US /ruːm/

nounA1

a part of a building that has its own walls, floor and ceiling and is usually used for a particular purposevolume_up

I heard him enter the room.volume_up

root (noun)

UK /ruːt/US /ruːt/

nounB2

the part of a plant that grows under the ground and takes in water and minerals that it sends to the rest of the plantvolume_up

deep spreading rootsvolume_up

rope (noun)

UK /rəʊp/US /rəʊp/

nounB1

very strong thick string made by twisting thinner strings, wires, etc. togethervolume_up

The rope broke and she fell 50 metres onto the rocks.volume_up

rough (adjective)

UK /rʌf/US /rʌf/

adjectiveB1

having a surface that is not even or regularvolume_up

rough groundvolume_up

round (preposition)

UK /raʊnd/US /raʊnd/

adjectiveA2

having a shape like a circle or a ballvolume_up

a round platevolume_up

adverbA2

moving in a circlevolume_up

Everybody joins hands and dances round.volume_up

nounB2

a stage in a competition or sports eventvolume_up

the qualifying rounds of the National Championshipsvolume_up

prepositionA2

in a circlevolume_up

the first woman to sail round the worldvolume_up

route (noun)

UK /ruːt/US /ruːt/

nounA2

a way that you follow to get from one place to anothervolume_up

Which is the best route to take?volume_up

routine (noun)

UK /ruːˈtiːn/US /ruːˈtiːn/

adjectiveB2

done or happening as a normal part of a particular job, situation or processvolume_up

routine enquiries/questions/tests/screeningvolume_up

nounA1

the normal order and way in which you regularly do thingsvolume_up

to settle/get/fall into a routinevolume_up

row (noun)

UK /rəʊ/US /rəʊ/

royal (adjective)

UK /ˈrɔɪəl/US /ˈrɔɪəl/

adjectiveB1

connected with or belonging to the king or queen of a countryvolume_up

the royal familyvolume_up

rub (verb)

UK /rʌb/US /rʌb/

verbB2

to move your hand, a cloth, etc., backwards and forwards over a surface while pressing itvolume_up

He sat up on the hard bunk and rubbed his eyes.volume_up

rubber (noun)

UK /ˈrʌbə(r)/US /ˈrʌbər/

adjectiveB2

made of rubbervolume_up

a rubber ballvolume_up

nounB2

a strong substance that can be stretched and does not allow liquids to pass through it, used for making tyres, boots, etc. It is made from the liquid (= sap) inside a tropical plant or is produced using chemicals.volume_up

a ball made of rubbervolume_up

rubbish (noun)

UK /ˈrʌbɪʃ/US /ˈrʌbɪʃ/

nounA2

things that you throw away because you no longer want or need themvolume_up

a rubbish bag/binvolume_up

rude (adjective)

UK /ruːd/US /ruːd/

adjectiveA2

having or showing a lack of respect for other people and their feelingsvolume_up

a rude comment/remarkvolume_up

rugby (noun)

UK /ˈrʌɡbi/US /ˈrʌɡbi/

nounB1

a game played by two teams of 13 or 15 players, using an oval ball which may be kicked or carried. Teams try to put the ball over the other team’s line.volume_up

to play a game of rugbyvolume_up

rule (verb)

UK /ruːl/US /ruːl/

nounA1

a statement of what may, must or must not be done in a particular situation or when playing a gamevolume_up

She laid down strict rules for her tenants, including prompt payment of rent.volume_up

verbB1

to control and have authority over a country, a group of people, etc.volume_up

King John ruled England.volume_up

run (verb)

UK /rʌn/US /rʌn/

nounA2

an act of running; a period of time spent running or the distance that somebody runsvolume_up

I go for a run every morning.volume_up

verbA1

to move using your legs, going faster than when you walkvolume_up

Can you run as fast as Mike?volume_up

runner (noun)

UK /ˈrʌnə(r)/US /ˈrʌnər/

nounA2

a person or an animal that runs, especially one taking part in a racevolume_up

a long-distance/cross-country/marathon runnervolume_up

running (noun)

UK /ˈrʌnɪŋ/US /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

nounA2

the action or sport of runningvolume_up

to go runningvolume_up

rural (adjective)

UK /ˈrʊərəl/US /ˈrʊrəl/

adjectiveB2

connected with or like the countrysidevolume_up

rural areasvolume_up

rush (verb)

UK /rʌʃ/US /rʌʃ/

nounB2

a sudden strong movement or actionvolume_up

Shoppers made a rush for the exits.volume_up

verbB2

to move or to do something with great speed, often too fastvolume_up

We've got plenty of time; there's no need to rush.volume_up

sad (adjective)

UK /sæd/US /sæd/

adjectiveA1

unhappy or showing unhappinessvolume_up

We are very sad to hear that you are leaving.volume_up

sadly (adverb)

UK /ˈsædli/US /ˈsædli/

adverbA2

in a sad wayvolume_up

‘I'm so sorry,’ she said sadly.volume_up

safe (adjective)

UK /seɪf/US /seɪf/

adjectiveA2

protected from any danger, harm or lossvolume_up

The children are quite safe here.volume_up

safety (noun)

UK /ˈseɪfti/US /ˈseɪfti/

nounB1

the state of being safe and protected from danger or harmvolume_up

in safety, a place where children can play in safetyvolume_up

sail (verb)

UK /seɪl/US /seɪl/

nounB1

a sheet of strong cloth which the wind blows against to make a boat or ship travel through the watervolume_up

As the boat moved down the river the wind began to fill the sails.volume_up

verbA2

to travel on water using sails or an enginevolume_up

+ adv./prep., to sail into harbourvolume_up

sailing (noun)

UK /ˈseɪlɪŋ/US /ˈseɪlɪŋ/

nounA2

the sport or activity of travelling in a boat with sailsvolume_up

to go sailingvolume_up

sailor (noun)

UK /ˈseɪlə(r)/US /ˈseɪlər/

nounB1

a person who works on a ship as a member of the crewvolume_up

a crew of two officers and 13 sailorsvolume_up

salad (noun)

UK /ˈsæləd/US /ˈsæləd/

nounA1

a mixture of raw vegetables such as lettuce, tomato and cucumber, usually served with other food as part of a mealvolume_up

All main courses come with salad or vegetables.volume_up

salary (noun)

UK /ˈsæləri/US /ˈsæləri/

nounA2

money that employees receive for doing their job, especially professional employees or people working in an office, usually paid every monthvolume_up

an annual salary of $40 000volume_up

sale (noun)

UK /seɪl/US /seɪl/

nounA2

an act or the process of selling somethingvolume_up

regulations governing the sale of alcoholic beveragesvolume_up

salt (noun)

UK /sɔːlt/US /sɔːlt/

nounA1

a white substance that is added to food to make it taste better or to preserve it. Salt is obtained from mines and is also found in seawater. It is sometimes called common salt to show that it is different from other chemical salts. Its chemical name is sodium chloride.volume_up

Pass the salt, please.volume_up

same (pronoun)

UK /seɪm/US /seɪm/

adjectiveA1

exactly the one or ones referred to or mentioned; not differentvolume_up

We have lived in the same house for twenty years.volume_up

adverbA1

in the same wayvolume_up

We treat boys exactly the same as girls.volume_up

pronounA1

the same thing or thingsvolume_up

I would do the same again.volume_up

sample (verb)

UK /ˈsɑːmpl/US /ˈsæmpl/

nounB1

a number of people or things taken from a larger group and used in tests to provide information about the groupvolume_up

The interviews were given to a random sample of students.volume_up

verbB2

to try a small amount of a particular food to see what it is like; to experience something for a short time to see what it is likevolume_up

I sampled the delights of Greek cooking for the first time.volume_up

sand (noun)

UK /sænd/US /sænd/

nounB1

a substance that consists of very small fine grains of rock. Sand is found on beaches, in deserts, etc.volume_up

a grain of sandvolume_up

sandwich (noun)

UK /ˈsænwɪtʃ/US /ˈsænwɪtʃ/

nounA1

two slices of bread, often spread with butter, with a layer of meat, cheese, etc. between themvolume_up

a ham/tuna/egg sandwichvolume_up

satellite (noun)

UK /ˈsætəlaɪt/US /ˈsætəlaɪt/

nounB2

an electronic device that is sent into space and moves around the earth or another planet. It is used for communicating by radio, television, etc. and for gathering information.volume_up

a weather/communications/spy satellitevolume_up

satisfied (adjective)

UK /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/US /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/

adjectiveB2

pleased because you have achieved something or because something that you wanted to happen has happenedvolume_up

a satisfied customervolume_up

satisfy (verb)

UK /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/US /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/

verbB2

to make somebody pleased by doing or giving them what they wantvolume_up

Nothing satisfies him—he's always complaining.volume_up

saturday (noun)

UK /ˈsætədeɪ/US /ˈsætərdeɪ/

nounA1

the day of the week after Friday and before Sundayvolume_up

It's Saturday today, isn't it?volume_up

sauce (noun)

UK /sɔːs/US /sɔːs/

nounA2

a thick liquid that is eaten with food to add taste to itvolume_up

tomato/cranberry/chilli saucevolume_up

save (verb)

UK /seɪv/US /seɪv/

verbA2

to keep somebody/something safe from death, harm, loss, etc.volume_up

to save somebody’s lifevolume_up

saving (noun)

UK /ˈseɪvɪŋ/US /ˈseɪvɪŋ/

nounB2

an amount of something such as time or money that you do not need to use or spendvolume_up

Buy three and make a saving of 55p.volume_up

say (verb)

UK /seɪ/US /seɪ/

nounC1

the right to influence something by giving your opinion before a decision is madevolume_up

We had no say in the decision to sell the company.volume_up

verbA1

to speak or tell somebody something, using wordsvolume_up

+ speech, ‘Hello!’ she said.volume_up

scale (noun)

UK /skeɪl/US /skeɪl/

nounB2

the size or extent of something, especially when compared with something elsevolume_up

They entertain on a large scale (= they hold expensive parties with a lot of guests).volume_up

scan (verb)

UK /skæn/US /skæn/

verbB1

to look quickly but not very carefully at a document, etc.volume_up

I scanned the list quickly for my name.volume_up

scared (adjective)

UK /skeəd/US /skerd/

adjectiveA2

frightened of something or afraid that something bad might happenvolume_up

The thieves got scared and ran away.volume_up

scary (adjective)

UK /ˈskeəri/US /ˈskeri/

adjectiveA2

frighteningvolume_up

It was a really scary moment.volume_up

scene (noun)

UK /siːn/US /siːn/

nounA2

the place where something happens, especially something unpleasantvolume_up

the scene of the accident/crime/crashvolume_up

schedule (verb)

UK /ˈʃedjuːl/US /ˈskedʒuːl/

nounA2

a plan that lists all the work that you have to do and when you must do each thingvolume_up

I have a hectic schedule for the next few days.volume_up

verbB2

to arrange for something to happen at a particular timevolume_up

The meeting is scheduled for Friday afternoon.volume_up

scheme (noun)

UK /skiːm/US /skiːm/

nounB2

a plan or system for doing or organizing somethingvolume_up

a training schemevolume_up

school (noun)

UK /skuːl/US /skuːl/

nounA1

a place where children go to be educatedvolume_up

My brother and I went to the same school.volume_up

science (noun)

UK /ˈsaɪəns/US /ˈsaɪəns/

nounA1

knowledge about the structure and behaviour of the natural and physical world, based on facts that you can prove, for example by experimentsvolume_up

new developments in science and technologyvolume_up

scientific (adjective)

UK /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/US /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

adjectiveB1

involving science; connected with sciencevolume_up

a scientific discovery/theory/factvolume_up

scientist (noun)

UK /ˈsaɪəntɪst/US /ˈsaɪəntɪst/

nounA1

a person who studies one or more of the natural sciences (= for example, physics, chemistry or biology)volume_up

a research scientistvolume_up

score (verb)

UK /skɔː(r)/US /skɔːr/

nounA2

the number of points, goals, etc. scored by each player or team in a game or competitionvolume_up

a high/low scorevolume_up

verbA2

to win points, goals, etc. in a game or competitionvolume_up

Fraser scored again in the second half.volume_up

scream (verb)

UK /skriːm/US /skriːm/

nounB2

a loud high shout made by somebody who is hurt, frightened, excited, etc.; a loud high noisevolume_up

She let out a scream of pain.volume_up

verbB2

to give a loud, high shout, because you are hurt, frightened, excited, etc.volume_up

There was a bang and I heard someone scream.volume_up

screen (verb)

UK /skriːn/US /skriːn/

nounA2

the flat surface at the front of a television, computer, or other electronic device, on which you see pictures or informationvolume_up

a computer screenvolume_up

verbB2

to show a film, etc. in a cinema or on televisionvolume_up

a list of films to be screened as part of the festivalvolume_up

script (noun)

UK /skrɪpt/US /skrɪpt/

nounB1

a written text of a play, film, broadcast, talk, etc.volume_up

That line isn't in the original script.volume_up

sculpture (noun)

UK /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/US /ˈskʌlptʃər/

nounB1

a work of art that is a solid figure or object made by carving or shaping wood, stone, clay, metal, etc.volume_up

a marble sculpture of Venusvolume_up

sea (noun)

UK /siː/US /siː/

nounA1

the salt water that covers most of the earth’s surface and surrounds its continents and islandsvolume_up

The waste was dumped in the sea.volume_up

search (verb)

UK /sɜːtʃ/US /sɜːrtʃ/

nounA2

an attempt to find somebody/something, especially by looking carefully for them/itvolume_up

a long search for the murder weaponvolume_up

verbA2

to look carefully for something/somebody; to examine a particular place when looking for something/somebodyvolume_up

She searched in vain for her passport.volume_up

season (noun)

UK /ˈsiːzn/US /ˈsiːzn/

nounA2

any of the four main periods of the year: spring, summer, autumn and wintervolume_up

the changing seasonsvolume_up

seat (verb)

UK /siːt/US /siːt/

nounA2

a place where you can sit, for example a chairvolume_up

She sat back in her seat.volume_up

verbB2

to give somebody a place to sit; to sit down in a placevolume_up

Please wait to be seated (= in a restaurant, etc.).volume_up

second (determiner, ordinal number)

UK /ˈsekənd/US /ˈsekənd/

adverbA2

after one other person or thing in order or importancevolume_up

She came second in the marathon.volume_up

determinerA1

happening or coming next after the first in a series of similar things or people; 2ndvolume_up

This is the second time it's happened.volume_up

nounA1

a unit for measuring time. There are 60 seconds in one minute.volume_up

She can run 100 metres in just over 11 seconds.volume_up

ordinal numberA1

happening or coming next after the first in a series of similar things or people; 2ndvolume_up

This is the second time it's happened.volume_up

secondary (adjective)

UK /ˈsekəndri/US /ˈsekənderi/

adjectiveB1

connected with teaching children of 11–18 yearsvolume_up

secondary teachersvolume_up

secondly (adverb)

UK /ˈsekəndli/US /ˈsekəndli/

adverbA2

used to introduce the second of a list of points you want to make in a speech or piece of writingvolume_up

Firstly, it's expensive, and secondly, it's too slow.volume_up

secret (noun)

UK /ˈsiːkrət/US /ˈsiːkrət/

adjectiveA2

known about by only a few people; kept hidden from othersvolume_up

secret information/meetings/talksvolume_up

nounA2

something that is known about by only a few people and not told to othersvolume_up

Can you keep a secret?volume_up

secretary (noun)

UK /ˈsekrətri/US /ˈsekrəteri/

nounA2

a person who works in an office, working for another person, dealing with mail and phone calls, keeping records, arranging meetings with people, etc.volume_up

a legal/medical secretaryvolume_up

section (noun)

UK /ˈsekʃn/US /ˈsekʃn/

nounA1

any of the parts into which something is dividedvolume_up

That section of the road is still closed.volume_up

sector (noun)

UK /ˈsektə(r)/US /ˈsektər/

nounB2

a part of an area of activity, especially of a country’s economyvolume_up

the service/banking/manufacturing/financial sectorvolume_up

secure (verb)

UK /sɪˈkjʊə(r)/US /sɪˈkjʊr/

adjectiveB2

likely to continue or be successful for a long timevolume_up

a secure job/incomevolume_up

verbB2

to obtain or achieve something, especially when this means using a lot of effortvolume_up

to secure a contract/deal/fundingvolume_up

security (noun)

UK /sɪˈkjʊərəti/US /sɪˈkjʊrəti/

nounB1

the activities involved in protecting a country, building or person against attack, danger, etc.volume_up

national/homeland security (= the defence of a country)volume_up

see (verb)

UK /siː/US /siː/

verbA1

to become aware of somebody/something by using your eyesvolume_up

She looked for him but couldn't see him in the crowd.volume_up

seed (noun)

UK /siːd/US /siːd/

nounB1

the small hard part produced by a plant, from which a new plant can growvolume_up

a packet of wild flower seedsvolume_up

seek (verb)

UK /siːk/US /siːk/

verbB2

to look for something/somebodyvolume_up

Drivers are advised to seek alternative routes.volume_up

seem (linking verb)

UK /siːm/US /siːm/

linking verbA2

to give the impression of being or doing somethingvolume_up

You seem happy.volume_up

select (verb)

UK /sɪˈlekt/US /sɪˈlekt/

verbB2

to choose somebody/something from a group of people or things, usually according to a systemvolume_up

He hasn't been selected for the team.volume_up

selection (noun)

UK /sɪˈlekʃn/US /sɪˈlekʃn/

nounB2

the process of choosing somebody/something from a group of people or things, usually according to a systemvolume_up

She took a long time to make her selection.volume_up

self (noun)

UK /self/US /self/

nounB2

the type of person you are, especially the way you normally behave, look or feelvolume_up

You'll soon be feeling your old self again (= feeling well or happy again).volume_up

sell (verb)

UK /sel/US /sel/

verbA1

to give something to somebody in exchange for moneyvolume_up

I recently sold my bike.volume_up

send (verb)

UK /send/US /send/

verbA1

to make something go or be taken to a place, especially by post, email, radio, etc.volume_up

She sent a letter of support.volume_up

senior (adjective)

UK /ˈsiːniə(r)/US /ˈsiːniər/

adjectiveB2

high in rank or status; higher in rank or status than othersvolume_up

a senior official/officer/manager/executivevolume_up

sense (verb)

UK /sens/US /sens/

nounA2

an understanding about something; an ability to judge somethingvolume_up

One of the most important things in a partner is a sense of humour (= the ability to find things funny or make people laugh).volume_up

verbB2

to become aware of something even though you cannot see it, hear it, etc.volume_up

Sensing danger, they started to run.volume_up

sensible (adjective)

UK /ˈsensəbl/US /ˈsensəbl/

adjectiveB1

able to make good judgements based on reason and experience rather than emotion; practicalvolume_up

She's a sensible sort of person.volume_up

sensitive (adjective)

UK /ˈsensətɪv/US /ˈsensətɪv/

adjectiveB2

aware of and able to understand other people and their feelingsvolume_up

a sensitive and caring manvolume_up

sentence (verb)

UK /ˈsentəns/US /ˈsentəns/

nounA1

a set of words expressing a statement, a question or an order, usually containing a subject and a verb. In written English sentences begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop/period (.), a question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!).volume_up

Does the sentence contain an adverb?volume_up

verbB2

to say officially in court that somebody is to receive a particular punishmentvolume_up

He sentenced the defendant to life in prison.volume_up

separate (verb)

UK /ˈsepəreɪt/US /ˈsepəreɪt/

adjectiveA2

forming a unit by itself; not joined to something elsevolume_up

They have begun to sleep in separate rooms.volume_up

verbB1

to divide into different parts or groups; to divide things into different parts or groupsvolume_up

Stir the sauce constantly so that it does not separate.volume_up

september (noun)

UK /sepˈtembə(r)/US /sepˈtembər/

nounA1

the 9th month of the year, between August and Octobervolume_up

She was born in September.volume_up

sequence (noun)

UK /ˈsiːkwəns/US /ˈsiːkwəns/

nounB2

a set of events, actions, numbers, etc. which have a particular order and which lead to a particular resultvolume_up

He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.volume_up

series (noun)

UK /ˈsɪəriːz/US /ˈsɪriːz/

nounA2

a set of television or radio programmes or podcasts that deal with the same subject or that have the same charactersvolume_up

The first episode of the new series is on Saturday.volume_up

serious (adjective)

UK /ˈsɪəriəs/US /ˈsɪriəs/

adjectiveA2

bad or dangerousvolume_up

a serious illness/offence/crimevolume_up

seriously (adverb)

UK /ˈsɪəriəsli/US /ˈsɪriəsli/

adverbB1

in a serious wayvolume_up

to be seriously ill/injured/wounded/hurtvolume_up

servant (noun)

UK /ˈsɜːvənt/US /ˈsɜːrvənt/

nounB1

a person who works in another person’s house, and cooks, cleans, etc. for themvolume_up

a domestic servantvolume_up

serve (verb)

UK /sɜːv/US /sɜːrv/

verbA2

to give somebody food or drink, for example at a restaurant or during a mealvolume_up

Breakfast is served between 7 and 10 a.m.volume_up

service (noun)

UK /ˈsɜːvɪs/US /ˈsɜːrvɪs/

nounA2

a system that provides something that the public needs, organized by the government or a private companyvolume_up

the ambulance/bus/postal servicevolume_up

session (noun)

UK /ˈseʃn/US /ˈseʃn/

nounB2

a period of time that is spent doing a particular activityvolume_up

a training/practice sessionvolume_up

set (verb)

UK /set/US /set/

nounB1

a group of similar things that belong together in some wayvolume_up

a set of six chairsvolume_up

verbB1

to prepare or arrange something so that it is ready for use or in positionvolume_up

Have you set the alarm clock?volume_up

setting (noun)

UK /ˈsetɪŋ/US /ˈsetɪŋ/

nounB1

an environment where something is located; the place at which something happensvolume_up

a rural/an ideal/a beautiful/an idyllic settingvolume_up

settle (verb)

UK /ˈsetl/US /ˈsetl/

verbB2

to put an end to an argument or a disagreementvolume_up

to settle a dispute/a matter/an issuevolume_up

seven (number)

UK /ˈsevn/US /ˈsevn/

numberA1

7volume_up

There are seven cookies left.volume_up

seventeen (number)

UK /ˌsevnˈtiːn/US /ˌsevnˈtiːn/

seventy (number)

UK /ˈsevnti/US /ˈsevnti/

several (determiner, pronoun)

UK /ˈsevrəl/US /ˈsevrəl/

determinerA2

more than two but not very manyvolume_up

Several letters arrived this morning.volume_up

pronounA2

more than two but not very manyvolume_up

Several letters arrived this morning.volume_up

severe (adjective)

UK /sɪˈvɪə(r)/US /sɪˈvɪr/

adjectiveB2

extremely bad or seriousvolume_up

His injuries are severe.volume_up

sex (noun)

UK /seks/US /seks/

nounB1

the state of being male or femalevolume_up

How can you tell what sex a fish is?volume_up

sexual (adjective)

UK /ˈsekʃuəl/US /ˈsekʃuəl/

adjectiveB1

connected with the physical activity of sexvolume_up

sexual behaviour/activity/desirevolume_up

shade (noun)

UK /ʃeɪd/US /ʃeɪd/

nounB2

an area that is dark and cool under or behind something, for example a tree or building, because the sun’s light does not get to itvolume_up

The shade of the pine tree provided some protection from the sun.volume_up

shadow (noun)

UK /ˈʃædəʊ/US /ˈʃædəʊ/

nounB2

the dark shape that somebody/something’s form makes on a surface, for example on the ground, when they are between the light and the surfacevolume_up

The children were having fun, chasing each other's shadows.volume_up

shake (verb)

UK /ʃeɪk/US /ʃeɪk/

nounB1

an act of shaking somebody/somethingvolume_up

She gave him a shake to wake him.volume_up

verbA2

to move or make somebody/something move with short quick movements from side to side or up and downvolume_up

The whole house shakes when a train goes past.volume_up

shall (modal verb)

UK /ʃəl/US /ʃəl/

modal verbA2

used with I and we for talking about or predicting the futurevolume_up

This time next week I shall be in Scotland.volume_up

shallow (adjective)

UK /ˈʃæləʊ/US /ˈʃæləʊ/

adjectiveB2

not having much distance between the top or surface and the bottomvolume_up

a shallow dish/pan/bowlvolume_up

shame (noun)

UK /ʃeɪm/US /ʃeɪm/

nounB2

used to say that something is a cause for feeling sad or disappointedvolume_up

She's retiring because of ill health, which is a great shame.volume_up

shape (verb)

UK /ʃeɪp/US /ʃeɪp/

nounA2

the form of the outer edges or surfaces of something; an example of something that has a particular formvolume_up

a rectangular/spherical/cylindrical shapevolume_up

verbB2

to make something into a particular shapevolume_up

Shape the dough into a ball.volume_up

share (verb)

UK /ʃeə(r)/US /ʃer/

nounB1

one part of something that is divided between two or more peoplevolume_up

Next year we hope to have a greater share of the market.volume_up

verbA1

to have, use or experience something at the same time as somebody elsevolume_up

There isn't an empty table. Would you mind sharing?volume_up

sharp (adjective)

UK /ʃɑːp/US /ʃɑːrp/

adjectiveB1

having a fine edge or point, especially of something that can cut or make a hole in somethingvolume_up

a sharp knifevolume_up

she (pronoun)

UK /ʃi/US /ʃi/

pronounA1

a female person or animal that has already been mentioned or is easily identifiedvolume_up

‘What does your sister do?’ ‘She's a dentist.’volume_up

sheep (noun)

UK /ʃiːp/US /ʃiːp/

nounA1

an animal with a thick coat, kept on farms for its meat (called mutton or lamb) or its woolvolume_up

a flock of sheepvolume_up

sheet (noun)

UK /ʃiːt/US /ʃiːt/

nounA2

a large piece of thin cloth used on a bed to lie on or lie undervolume_up

Have you changed the sheets (= put clean sheets on the bed)?volume_up

shelf (noun)

UK /ʃelf/US /ʃelf/

nounB1

a flat board, made of wood, metal, glass, etc., fixed to the wall or forming part of a cupboard, bookcase, etc., for things to be placed onvolume_up

I helped him put up some shelves in his bedroom.volume_up

shell (noun)

UK /ʃel/US /ʃel/

nounB1

the hard outer part of eggs, nuts, some seeds, and some animalsvolume_up

We collected shells on the beach.volume_up

shelter (verb)

UK /ˈʃeltə(r)/US /ˈʃeltər/

nounB2

the fact of having a place to live or stay, considered as a basic human needvolume_up

Human beings need food, clothing and shelter.volume_up

verbB2

to give somebody/something a place where they are protected from the weather or from danger; to protect somebody/somethingvolume_up

Trees shelter the house from the wind.volume_up

shift (verb)

UK /ʃɪft/US /ʃɪft/

nounB1

a period of time worked by a group of workers who start work as another group finishesvolume_up

to work a shiftvolume_up

verbB2

to move, or move something, from one position or place to anothervolume_up

Lydia shifted uncomfortably in her chair.volume_up

shine (verb)

UK /ʃaɪn/US /ʃaɪn/

verbB1

to produce or reflect light; to be brightvolume_up

The sun shone brightly in a cloudless sky.volume_up

shiny (adjective)

UK /ˈʃaɪni/US /ˈʃaɪni/

adjectiveB1

smooth and bright; reflecting the lightvolume_up

shiny black hairvolume_up

ship (verb)

UK /ʃɪp/US /ʃɪp/

nounA2

a large boat that carries people or goods by seavolume_up

The yard builds ships for the Navy.volume_up

verbB2

to send or transport somebody/something by ship or by another means of transportvolume_up

The company ships its goods all over the world.volume_up

shirt (noun)

UK /ʃɜːt/US /ʃɜːrt/

nounA1

a piece of clothing worn on the upper part of the body, made of light cloth, with sleeves and usually with a collar and buttons down the frontvolume_up

to wear a shirtvolume_up

shock (verb)

UK /ʃɒk/US /ʃɑːk/

nounB2

a strong feeling of surprise as a result of something happening, especially something unpleasant; the event that causes this feelingvolume_up

I got a terrible shock the other day.volume_up

verbB2

to surprise and upset somebodyvolume_up

President Kennedy's assassination in Dallas on November 22, 1963, shocked the world.volume_up

shocked (adjective)

UK /ʃɒkt/US /ʃɑːkt/

adjectiveB2

surprised and upset; showing that somebody feels surprised and upsetvolume_up

I was quite shocked when I found out what he'd done.volume_up

shoe (noun)

UK /ʃuː/US /ʃuː/

nounA1

one of a pair of objects usually made of leather or plastic that you wear on your feetvolume_up

a pair of shoesvolume_up

shoot (verb)

UK /ʃuːt/US /ʃuːt/

nounC1

the part that grows up from the ground when a plant starts to grow; a new part that grows on plants or treesvolume_up

new green shootsvolume_up

verbB1

to fire a gun or other weapon; to fire something from a weaponvolume_up

Don't shoot—I surrender.volume_up

shooting (noun)

UK /ˈʃuːtɪŋ/US /ˈʃuːtɪŋ/

nounB2

a situation in which a person is shot with a gunvolume_up

Terrorist groups claimed responsibility for the shootings and bomb attacks.volume_up

shop (verb)

UK /ʃɒp/US /ʃɑːp/

nounA1

a building or part of a building where you can buy goods or servicesvolume_up

to open/close/run a shopvolume_up

verbA1

to buy things in shopsvolume_up

I shop there from time to time.volume_up

shopping (noun)

UK /ˈʃɒpɪŋ/US /ˈʃɑːpɪŋ/

nounA1

the activity of going to shops and buying things or ordering them onlinevolume_up

to go shoppingvolume_up

short (adjective)

UK /ʃɔːt/US /ʃɔːrt/

adjectiveA1

measuring or covering a small length or distance, or a smaller length or distance than usualvolume_up

He had short curly hair.volume_up

shot (noun)

UK /ʃɒt/US /ʃɑːt/

nounB2

the act of firing a gun; the sound this makesvolume_up

We heard some shots in the distance.volume_up

should (modal verb)

UK /ʃəd/US /ʃəd/

modal verbA1

used to show what is right, appropriate, etc., especially when criticizing somebody’s actionsvolume_up

You shouldn't drink and drive.volume_up

shoulder (noun)

UK /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/US /ˈʃəʊldər/

nounA2

either of the two parts of the body between the top of each arm and the neckvolume_up

your left/right shouldervolume_up

shout (verb)

UK /ʃaʊt/US /ʃaʊt/

nounA2

a loud cry of anger, fear, excitement, etc.volume_up

angry shoutsvolume_up

verbA2

to say something in a loud voice; to speak loudly/angrily to somebodyvolume_up

Stop shouting and listen!volume_up

show (verb)

UK /ʃəʊ/US /ʃəʊ/

nounA1

a programme on television or the radiovolume_up

Millions of people watch the show.volume_up

verbA1

to make something clear; to prove somethingvolume_up

The figures clearly show that her claims are false.volume_up

shower (noun)

UK /ˈʃaʊə(r)/US /ˈʃaʊər/

nounA1

a piece of equipment producing a flow of water that you stand under to wash yourself; the small room or part of a room that contains a showervolume_up

He's in the shower.volume_up

shut (verb)

UK /ʃʌt/US /ʃʌt/

adjectiveA2

not openvolume_up

The door was shut.volume_up

verbA2

to close something; to become closedvolume_up

The window won't shut.volume_up

shy (adjective)

UK /ʃaɪ/US /ʃaɪ/

adjectiveB1

nervous or embarrassed about meeting and speaking to other peoplevolume_up

He is not exactly the shy and retiring type.volume_up

sick (adjective)

UK /sɪk/US /sɪk/

adjectiveA1

physically or mentally illvolume_up

a sick childvolume_up

side (noun)

UK /saɪd/US /saɪd/

nounA2

either of the two halves of a surface, an object or an area that is divided by an imaginary central linevolume_up

the right side of the brainvolume_up

sight (noun)

UK /saɪt/US /saɪt/

nounB1

the ability to seevolume_up

to lose your sight (= to become blind)volume_up

sign (verb)

UK /saɪn/US /saɪn/

nounA2

an event, an action, a fact, etc. that shows that something exists, is happening or may happen in the futurevolume_up

I should have seen the signs.volume_up

verbA2

to write your name on a document, letter, etc. to show that you have written it, that you agree with what it says, or that it is realvolume_up

Sign here, please.volume_up

signal (verb)

UK /ˈsɪɡnəl/US /ˈsɪɡnəl/

nounB1

a movement or sound that you make to give somebody information, instructions, a warning, etc.volume_up

a danger/warning/distress signalvolume_up

verbB1

to make a movement or sound to give somebody a message, an order, etc.volume_up

Don't fire until I signal.volume_up

significant (adjective)

UK /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/US /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

adjectiveB2

large or important enough to have an effect or to be noticedvolume_up

There are no significant differences between the two groups of students.volume_up

significantly (adverb)

UK /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/US /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/

adverbB2

in a way that is large or important enough to have an effect on something or to be noticedvolume_up

significantly higher/lower/larger/smallervolume_up

silence (noun)

UK /ˈsaɪləns/US /ˈsaɪləns/

nounB2

a complete lack of noise or soundvolume_up

Their footsteps echoed in the silence.volume_up

silent (adjective)

UK /ˈsaɪlənt/US /ˈsaɪlənt/

adjectiveB1

where there is little or no sound; making little or no soundvolume_up

At last the traffic fell silent.volume_up

silk (noun)

UK /sɪlk/US /sɪlk/

nounB2

fine soft thread produced by silkwormsvolume_up

The caterpillar spins the silk around its entire body.volume_up

silly (adjective)

UK /ˈsɪli/US /ˈsɪli/

adjectiveB1

showing a lack of thought, understanding, or judgementvolume_up

a silly idea/question/namevolume_up

silver (noun)

UK /ˈsɪlvə(r)/US /ˈsɪlvər/

adjectiveA2

shiny grey-white in colourvolume_up

a silver carvolume_up

nounA2

a chemical element. Silver is a shiny, grey-white precious metal used for making coins, jewellery, beautiful objects, etc.volume_up

a silver ring/chainvolume_up

similar (adjective)

UK /ˈsɪmələ(r)/US /ˈsɪmələr/

adjectiveA1

like somebody/something but not exactly the samevolume_up

We have very similar interests.volume_up

similarity (noun)

UK /ˌsɪməˈlærəti/US /ˌsɪməˈlærəti/

nounB1

the state of being similar to somebody/something but not exactly the samevolume_up

The report highlights the similarity between the two groups.volume_up

similarly (adverb)

UK /ˈsɪmələli/US /ˈsɪmələrli/

adverbB1

in almost the same wayvolume_up

It is a little cheaper than other similarly sized cars.volume_up

simple (adjective)

UK /ˈsɪmpl/US /ˈsɪmpl/

adjectiveA2

not complicated; easy to understand or dovolume_up

a simple solution/explanation/question/task/examplevolume_up

simply (adverb)

UK /ˈsɪmpli/US /ˈsɪmpli/

adverbB1

used to emphasize how easy or basic something isvolume_up

To order, simply click here.volume_up

since (preposition)

UK /sɪns/US /sɪns/

adverbB1

from a time in the past until a later past time, or until nowvolume_up

She went for a run on Monday and has not been seen since.volume_up

conjunctionA2

from an event in the past until a later past event, or until nowvolume_up

Cath hasn't phoned since she went to Berlin.volume_up

prepositionA2

from a time in the past until a later past time, or until nowvolume_up

She's been off work since Tuesday.volume_up

sincere (adjective)

UK /sɪnˈsɪə(r)/US /sɪnˈsɪr/

adjectiveB2

showing what you really think or feelvolume_up

a sincere apologyvolume_up

sing (noun)

UK /sɪŋ/US /sɪŋ/

verbA1

to make musical sounds with your voice in the form of a song or tunevolume_up

I just can't sing in tune!volume_up

singer (noun)

UK /ˈsɪŋə(r)/US /ˈsɪŋər/

nounA1

a person who sings, or whose job is singing, especially in publicvolume_up

She's a wonderful singer.volume_up

singing (noun)

UK /ˈsɪŋɪŋ/US /ˈsɪŋɪŋ/

nounA2

the activity of making musical sounds with your voicevolume_up

the beautiful singing of birdsvolume_up

single (noun)

UK /ˈsɪŋɡl/US /ˈsɪŋɡl/

adjectiveA2

only onevolume_up

He sent her a single red rose.volume_up

nounA2

a ticket that allows you to travel to a place but not back againvolume_up

How much is a single to York?volume_up

sink (verb)

UK /sɪŋk/US /sɪŋk/

verbB1

to go down below the surface or towards the bottom of a liquid or soft substancevolume_up

The ship sank to the bottom of the sea.volume_up

sir (noun)

UK /sɜː(r)/US /sɜːr/

nounA2

used as a polite way of addressing a man whose name you do not know, for example in a shop or restaurantvolume_up

Good morning, sir. Can I help you?volume_up

sister (noun)

UK /ˈsɪstə(r)/US /ˈsɪstər/

nounA1

a girl or woman who has the same mother and father as another personvolume_up

She's my sister.volume_up

sit (verb)

UK /sɪt/US /sɪt/

verbA1

to rest your weight on your bottom with your back straight, for example on/in a chairvolume_up

She sat and stared at the letter in front of her.volume_up

site (noun)

UK /saɪt/US /saɪt/

nounA2

a place where a building, town, etc. was, is or will be locatedvolume_up

the site of a sixteenth-century abbeyvolume_up

situation (noun)

UK /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/US /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/

nounA1

all the circumstances and things that are happening at a particular time and in a particular placevolume_up

the present economic/financial/political situationvolume_up

six (number)

UK /sɪks/US /sɪks/

numberA1

6volume_up

There are six cookies left.volume_up

sixteen (number)

UK /ˌsɪksˈtiːn/US /ˌsɪksˈtiːn/

sixty (number)

UK /ˈsɪksti/US /ˈsɪksti/

size (noun)

UK /saɪz/US /saɪz/

nounA2

how large or small a person or thing isvolume_up

population/sample/group/class sizevolume_up

ski (verb)

UK /skiː/US /skiː/

adjectiveA2

connected with the sport of skiingvolume_up

a ski resortvolume_up

nounA2

one of a pair of long narrow pieces of wood, metal or plastic that you attach to boots so that you can move smoothly over snowvolume_up

a pair of skisvolume_up

verbA2

to move over snow on skis, especially as a sportvolume_up

Our children want to learn to ski.volume_up

skiing (noun)

UK /ˈskiːɪŋ/US /ˈskiːɪŋ/

nounA2

the sport or activity of moving over snow on skisvolume_up

He also enjoys skiing and mountain biking.volume_up

skill (noun)

UK /skɪl/US /skɪl/

nounA1

the ability to do something wellvolume_up

The job requires skill and an eye for detail.volume_up

skin (noun)

UK /skɪn/US /skɪn/

nounA2

the layer of tissue that covers the bodyvolume_up

to have dark/pale skinvolume_up

skirt (noun)

UK /skɜːt/US /skɜːrt/

nounA1

a piece of clothing that hangs from the middle part of the bodyvolume_up

a short/long/pleated/denim skirtvolume_up

sky (noun)

UK /skaɪ/US /skaɪ/

nounA2

the space above the earth that you can see when you look up, where clouds and the sun, moon and stars appearvolume_up

The sky suddenly went dark and it started to rain.volume_up

slave (noun)

UK /sleɪv/US /sleɪv/

nounB2

a person who is owned by another person and is forced to work for and obey themvolume_up

A former slave, he graduated from Clafflin University in South Carolina.volume_up

sleep (verb)

UK /sliːp/US /sliːp/

nounA2

the natural state of rest in which your eyes are closed, your body is not active, and your mind is not consciousvolume_up

I need to get some sleep.volume_up

verbA1

to rest with your eyes closed and your mind and body not activevolume_up

Let her sleep—it'll do her good.volume_up

slice (verb)

UK /slaɪs/US /slaɪs/

nounB1

a thin flat piece of bread, meat, cheese, etc. that has been cut off a larger piece; a piece of cake that has been cut from a larger cakevolume_up

Cut the meat into thin slices.volume_up

verbB1

to cut something into slicesvolume_up

to slice (up) onionsvolume_up

slide (verb)

UK /slaɪd/US /slaɪd/

nounB2

one page of an electronic presentation, that may contain text and images, that is usually viewed on a computer screen or projected onto a larger screenvolume_up

Here's a slide showing target markets.volume_up

verbB2

to move easily over a smooth or wet surface; to make something move in this wayvolume_up

As I turned left on a bend, my car started to slide.volume_up

slight (adjective)

UK /slaɪt/US /slaɪt/

adjectiveB2

very small in degreevolume_up

a slight increase/change/differencevolume_up

slightly (adverb)

UK /ˈslaɪtli/US /ˈslaɪtli/

adverbB1

a littlevolume_up

a slightly different versionvolume_up

slip (verb)

UK /slɪp/US /slɪp/

verbB2

to slide a short distance by accident so that you fall or nearly fallvolume_up

She slipped and landed flat on her back.volume_up

slope (verb)

UK /sləʊp/US /sləʊp/

nounB2

a surface or piece of land that slopes (= is higher at one end than the other)volume_up

The town is built on a slope.volume_up

verbB2

to be at an angle so that it is higher at one end than the othervolume_up

a sloping roofvolume_up

slow (verb)

UK /sləʊ/US /sləʊ/

adjectiveA1

not moving, acting or done quickly; taking a long time; not fastvolume_up

a slow pace/speedvolume_up

verbB1

to go or to make something/somebody go at a slower speed or be less activevolume_up

Economic growth has slowed a little.volume_up

slowly (adverb)

UK /ˈsləʊli/US /ˈsləʊli/

adverbA2

at a slow speed; not quicklyvolume_up

to move/walk/turn slowlyvolume_up

small (adjective)

UK /smɔːl/US /smɔːl/

adjectiveA1

not large in size, number, degree, amount, etc.volume_up

a small town/village/communityvolume_up

smart (adjective)

UK /smɑːt/US /smɑːrt/

adjectiveB1

looking clean and neat; well dressed in fashionable and/or formal clothesvolume_up

I have to be smart for work.volume_up

smartphone (noun)

UK /ˈsmɑːtfəʊn/US /ˈsmɑːrtfəʊn/

nounA2

a mobile phone that also has some of the functions of a computer, for example the facility to use apps and the internetvolume_up

You can use your smartphone to access the internet.volume_up

smell (verb)

UK /smel/US /smel/

nounA2

the quality of something that people and animals sense through their nosesvolume_up

a sweet/pleasant smellvolume_up

verbA2

to have a particular smellvolume_up

The room smelt damp.volume_up

smile (verb)

UK /smaɪl/US /smaɪl/

nounA2

the expression that you have on your face when you are happy or you think something is funny, in which the corners of your mouth turn upwardsvolume_up

a broad/warm/bright/slight smilevolume_up

verbA2

to make a smile appear on your facevolume_up

to smile slightly/broadlyvolume_up

smoke (verb)

UK /sməʊk/US /sməʊk/

nounA2

the grey, white or black gas that is produced by something burningvolume_up

cigarette/tobacco smokevolume_up

verbA2

to take smoke from a cigarette, pipe, etc. into your mouth and let it out againvolume_up

Do you mind if I smoke?volume_up

smoking (noun)

UK /ˈsməʊkɪŋ/US /ˈsməʊkɪŋ/

nounA2

the activity or habit of smoking cigarettes, etc.volume_up

No Smoking (= for example, on a notice)volume_up

smooth (adjective)

UK /smuːð/US /smuːð/

adjectiveB1

completely flat and even, without any rough areas or holesvolume_up

the smooth surface of the metalvolume_up

snake (noun)

UK /sneɪk/US /sneɪk/

nounA1

a reptile with a very long thin body and no legs. There are many types of snake, some of which are poisonous.volume_up

a snake coiled up in the grassvolume_up

snow (verb)

UK /snəʊ/US /snəʊ/

nounA1

small soft white pieces (called flakes) of frozen water that fall from the sky in cold weather; this substance when it is lying on the groundvolume_up

Snow was falling heavily.volume_up

verbA1

when it snows, snow falls from the skyvolume_up

It's been snowing heavily all day.volume_up

so (conjunction)

UK /səʊ/US /səʊ/

adverbA1

to such a great degreevolume_up

Don't look so angry.volume_up

conjunctionA1

used to show the reason for somethingvolume_up

It was still painful, so I went to see a doctor.volume_up

soap (noun)

UK /səʊp/US /səʊp/

nounA2

a substance that you use with water for washing your bodyvolume_up

Wash the affected area with soap and water.volume_up

soccer (noun)

UK /ˈsɒkə(r)/US /ˈsɑːkər/

nounA2

a game played by two teams of 11 players, using a round ball which players kick up and down the playing field. Teams try to kick the ball into the other team’s goal.volume_up

I played soccer when I was younger.volume_up

social (adjective)

UK /ˈsəʊʃl/US /ˈsəʊʃl/

adjectiveA2

connected with activities in which people meet each other for pleasurevolume_up

She has a busy social life.volume_up

society (noun)

UK /səˈsaɪəti/US /səˈsaɪəti/

nounA2

people in general, living together in communitiesvolume_up

She believes that the arts benefit society as a whole.volume_up

sock (noun)

UK /sɒk/US /sɑːk/

nounA2

a piece of clothing that is worn over the foot, ankle and lower part of the leg, especially inside a shoevolume_up

a pair of socksvolume_up

soft (adjective)

UK /sɒft/US /sɔːft/

adjectiveA2

changing shape easily when pressed; not stiff or hardvolume_up

soft margarinevolume_up

software (noun)

UK /ˈsɒftweə(r)/US /ˈsɔːftwer/

nounB1

the programs used by a computer for doing particular jobsvolume_up

management/editing softwarevolume_up

soil (noun)

UK /sɔɪl/US /sɔɪl/

nounB1

the top layer of the earth in which plants, trees, etc. growvolume_up

instruments for measuring soil moisturevolume_up

solar (adjective)

UK /ˈsəʊlə(r)/US /ˈsəʊlər/

adjectiveB2

of or connected with the sunvolume_up

solar radiationvolume_up

soldier (noun)

UK /ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/US /ˈsəʊldʒər/

nounA2

a member of an army, especially one who is not an officervolume_up

They visited the graves of US soldiers killed in the First World War.volume_up

solid (noun)

UK /ˈsɒlɪd/US /ˈsɑːlɪd/

adjectiveB1

hard; not in the form of a liquid or gasvolume_up

The planet Jupiter may have no solid surface at all.volume_up

nounB1

a substance or an object that is solid, not a liquid or a gasvolume_up

liquids and solidsvolume_up

solution (noun)

UK /səˈluːʃn/US /səˈluːʃn/

nounA2

a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situationvolume_up

Attempts to find a solution have failed.volume_up

solve (verb)

UK /sɒlv/US /sɑːlv/

verbA2

to find a way of dealing with a problem or difficult situationvolume_up

Attempts are being made to solve the problem of waste disposal.volume_up

some (pronoun)

UK /sʌm/US /sʌm/

determinerA1

used with uncountable nouns or plural countable nouns to mean ‘an amount of’ or ‘a number of’, when the amount or number is not givenvolume_up

There's some milk in the fridge.volume_up

pronounA1

used to refer to an amount of something or a number of people or things when the amount or number is not givenvolume_up

Some disapprove of the idea.volume_up

somebody (pronoun)

UK /ˈsʌmbədi/US /ˈsʌmbədi/

pronounA1

a person who is not known or mentioned by namevolume_up

Somebody should have told me.volume_up

someone (pronoun)

UK /ˈsʌmwʌn/US /ˈsʌmwʌn/

pronounA1

a person who is not known or mentioned by namevolume_up

There's someone at the door.volume_up

something (pronoun)

UK /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/US /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

pronounA1

a thing that is not known or mentioned by namevolume_up

We stopped for something to eat.volume_up

sometimes (adverb)

UK /ˈsʌmtaɪmz/US /ˈsʌmtaɪmz/

adverbA1

occasionally rather than all of the timevolume_up

Sometimes I go by car.volume_up

somewhat (adverb)

UK /ˈsʌmwɒt/US /ˈsʌmwʌt/

adverbB2

to some degreevolume_up

somewhat different/similarvolume_up

somewhere (pronoun)

UK /ˈsʌmweə(r)/US /ˈsʌmwer/

adverbA2

in, at or to a place that you do not know or do not mention by namevolume_up

I read somewhere that she refuses to do interviews.volume_up

pronounA2

a place that you do not know or do not mention by namevolume_up

We need to find somewhere to live.volume_up

son (noun)

UK /sʌn/US /sʌn/

nounA1

a person’s male childvolume_up

their four-year-old sonvolume_up

song (noun)

UK /sɒŋ/US /sɔːŋ/

nounA1

a short piece of music with words that you singvolume_up

a love/pop/rock songvolume_up

soon (adverb)

UK /suːn/US /suːn/

adverbA1

in a short time from now; a short time after something else has happenedvolume_up

She sold the house soon after her husband died.volume_up

sorry (exclamation)

UK /ˈsɒri/US /ˈsɑːri/

adjectiveA1

feeling sad and ashamed about something that has been donevolume_up

We're very sorry about the damage to your car.volume_up

exclamationA1

used when you are apologizing for somethingvolume_up

Sorry I'm late!volume_up

sort (verb)

UK /sɔːt/US /sɔːrt/

nounA2

a group or type of people or things that are similar in a particular wayvolume_up

‘What sort of music do you like?’ ‘Oh, all sorts.’volume_up

verbB1

to arrange things in groups or in a particular order according to their type, etc.; to separate things of one type from othersvolume_up

I started at the bottom, answering phones and sorting the mail.volume_up

soul (noun)

UK /səʊl/US /səʊl/

nounB2

the spiritual part of a person, believed to exist after deathvolume_up

He believed his immortal soul was in peril.volume_up

sound (verb)

UK /saʊnd/US /saʊnd/

adjectiveC1

sensible; that you can rely on and that will probably give good resultsvolume_up

He's a person of very sound judgement.volume_up

nounA1

something that you can hearvolume_up

a loud/soft/faint soundvolume_up

verbA1

to give a particular impression when heard or read aboutvolume_up

+ adj., to sound good/great/right/interestingvolume_up

soup (noun)

UK /suːp/US /suːp/

nounA1

a liquid food made by boiling meat, vegetables, etc. in water, often eaten as the first course of a mealvolume_up

a bowl/cup of soupvolume_up

source (noun)

UK /sɔːs/US /sɔːrs/

nounA2

a place, person or thing that you get something fromvolume_up

renewable energy sourcesvolume_up

south (noun)

UK /saʊθ/US /saʊθ/

adjectiveA1

in or towards the southvolume_up

South Walesvolume_up

adverbA1

towards the southvolume_up

This room faces south.volume_up

nounA1

the direction that is on your right when you watch the sun rise; one of the four main points of the compassvolume_up

Which way is south?volume_up

southern (adjective)

UK /ˈsʌðən/US /ˈsʌðərn/

adjectiveB1

located in the south or facing south; connected with or typical of the south part of the world or a regionvolume_up

the southern slopes of the mountainsvolume_up

space (noun)

UK /speɪs/US /speɪs/

nounA1

the area outside the earth’s atmosphere where all the other planets and stars arevolume_up

Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman in space.volume_up

speak (verb)

UK /spiːk/US /spiːk/

verbA1

to talk to somebody about something; to have a conversation with somebodyvolume_up

The President refused to speak to reporters.volume_up

speaker (noun)

UK /ˈspiːkə(r)/US /ˈspiːkər/

nounA2

a person who gives a talk or makes a speechvolume_up

He was a guest speaker at the conference.volume_up

special (adjective)

UK /ˈspeʃl/US /ˈspeʃl/

adjectiveA1

not ordinary or usual; different from what is normalvolume_up

The school will only allow this in special circumstances.volume_up

specialist (noun)

UK /ˈspeʃəlɪst/US /ˈspeʃəlɪst/

adjectiveB2

having or involving expert knowledge of a particular area of work, study or medicinevolume_up

specialist knowledge/training/skillsvolume_up

nounB2

a person who is an expert in a particular area of work or studyvolume_up

a specialist in Japanese historyvolume_up

species (noun)

UK /ˈspiːʃiːz/US /ˈspiːʃiːz/

nounB2

a group into which animals, plants, etc. that are able to have sex with each other and produce healthy young are divided, smaller than a genus and identified by a Latin namevolume_up

a conservation area for endangered speciesvolume_up

specific (adjective)

UK /spəˈsɪfɪk/US /spəˈsɪfɪk/

adjectiveA2

connected with one particular thing onlyvolume_up

specific needs/requirementsvolume_up

specifically (adverb)

UK /spəˈsɪfɪkli/US /spəˈsɪfɪkli/

adverbB1

connected with or intended for one particular thing onlyvolume_up

liquid vitamins specifically designed for childrenvolume_up

speech (noun)

UK /spiːtʃ/US /spiːtʃ/

nounA2

a formal talk that a person gives to an audiencevolume_up

Several people made speeches at the wedding.volume_up

speed (verb)

UK /spiːd/US /spiːd/

nounA2

the rate at which somebody/something moves or travelsvolume_up

at … speed, at high/low/full/top speedvolume_up

verbB2

to move along quicklyvolume_up

They sped off to get help.volume_up

spell (verb)

UK /spel/US /spel/

nounC1

a short period of time during which something lastsvolume_up

We had a spell of warm weather in April.volume_up

verbA1

to say or write the letters of a word in the correct ordervolume_up

How do you spell your surname?volume_up

spelling (noun)

UK /ˈspelɪŋ/US /ˈspelɪŋ/

nounA1

the act of forming words correctly from individual letters; the ability to do thisvolume_up

the differences between British and American spellingvolume_up

spend (verb)

UK /spend/US /spend/

verbA1

to give money to pay for goods, services, etc.volume_up

I've spent all my money already.volume_up

spending (noun)

UK /ˈspendɪŋ/US /ˈspendɪŋ/

nounB1

the amount of money that is spent by a government, an organization or a personvolume_up

to increase/cut/reduce spendingvolume_up

spicy (adjective)

UK /ˈspaɪsi/US /ˈspaɪsi/

adjectiveB1

having a strong taste because spices have been added to itvolume_up

I don't like spicy food.volume_up

spider (noun)

UK /ˈspaɪdə(r)/US /ˈspaɪdər/

nounA2

a small creature with eight thin legs. Many spiders spin webs to catch insects for food.volume_up

a poisonous spidervolume_up

spirit (noun)

UK /ˈspɪrɪt/US /ˈspɪrɪt/

nounB1

the part of a person that includes their mind, feelings and character rather than their bodyvolume_up

You are underestimating the power of the human spirit to overcome difficulties.volume_up

spiritual (adjective)

UK /ˈspɪrɪtʃuəl/US /ˈspɪrɪtʃuəl/

adjectiveB2

connected with the human spirit, rather than the body or physical thingsvolume_up

a spiritual experiencevolume_up

split (verb)

UK /splɪt/US /splɪt/

nounB2

an argument or disagreement that divides a group of people or makes somebody separate from somebody elsevolume_up

Ten years after their acrimonious split, the band has reformed.volume_up

verbB2

to divide, or to make something divide, into two or more partsvolume_up

He was a member of the team that split the atom in 1932.volume_up

spoken (adjective)

UK /ˈspəʊkən/US /ˈspəʊkən/

adjectiveB1

involving speaking rather than writing; expressed in speech rather than in writingvolume_up

spoken Englishvolume_up

sponsor (verb)

UK /ˈspɒnsə(r)/US /ˈspɑːnsər/

nounB2

a person or company that pays for a radio or television programme, or for a concert or sporting event, usually in return for advertisingvolume_up

The programme is funded by a number of corporate sponsors.volume_up

verbB2

to pay the costs of a particular event, programme, etc. as a way of advertisingvolume_up

Sports events are no longer sponsored by the tobacco industry.volume_up

spoon (noun)

UK /spuːn/US /spuːn/

nounA2

a tool that has a handle with a shallow bowl at the end, used for mixing, serving and eating foodvolume_up

a plastic/metal spoonvolume_up

sport (noun)

UK /spɔːt/US /spɔːrt/

nounA1

activity that you do for pleasure and that needs physical effort or skill, usually done in a special area and according to fixed rulesvolume_up

There are excellent facilities for sport and recreation.volume_up

spot (verb)

UK /spɒt/US /spɑːt/

nounB1

a small round area that has a different colour or feels different from the surface it is onvolume_up

Which has spots, the leopard or the tiger?volume_up

verbB2

to see or notice a person or thing, especially suddenly or when it is not easy to do sovolume_up

Can you spot the difference between these two pictures?volume_up

spread (verb)

UK /spred/US /spred/

nounB2

an increase in the amount or number of something that there is, or in the area that is affected by somethingvolume_up

measures to halt the spread of the diseasevolume_up

verbB1

to affect or make something affect, be known by, or be used by more and more peoplevolume_up

The news had spread and was causing great excitement.volume_up

spring (verb)

UK /sprɪŋ/US /sprɪŋ/

nounA1

the season between winter and summer when plants begin to growvolume_up

The following spring, the three artists travelled to California.volume_up

verbB2

to move suddenly and with one quick movement in a particular directionvolume_up

The cat crouched ready to spring.volume_up

square (noun)

UK /skweə(r)/US /skwer/

adjectiveA2

having four straight equal sides and four angles of 90°volume_up

a square roomvolume_up

nounA2

a shape with four straight sides of equal length and four angles of 90°; a piece of something that has this shapevolume_up

First break the chocolate into squares.volume_up

stable (adjective)

UK /ˈsteɪbl/US /ˈsteɪbl/

adjectiveB2

fixed or steady; not likely to move, change or failvolume_up

The patient's condition is stable (= it is not getting worse).volume_up

stadium (noun)

UK /ˈsteɪdiəm/US /ˈsteɪdiəm/

nounB1

a large sports ground surrounded by rows of seats and usually other buildingsvolume_up

a football/sports stadiumvolume_up

staff (noun)

UK /stɑːf/US /stæf/

nounB1

all the workers employed in an organization considered as a groupvolume_up

medical/nursing/teaching/coaching staffvolume_up

stage (verb)

UK /steɪdʒ/US /steɪdʒ/

nounA2

a period or state that something/somebody passes through while developing or making progressvolume_up

I can't make a decision at this stage.volume_up

verbB2

to organize and present a play or an event for people to seevolume_up

to stage a play/an event/an exhibitionvolume_up

stair (noun)

UK /steə(r)/US /ster/

nounA2

a set of steps built between two floors inside a buildingvolume_up

We had to carry the piano up three flights of stairs.volume_up

stamp (noun)

UK /stæmp/US /stæmp/

nounA2

a small piece of paper with a design on it that you buy and stick on an envelope or a package before you post itvolume_up

a 67p stampvolume_up

stand (verb)

UK /stænd/US /stænd/

nounB2

an attitude towards something or an opinion that you make clear to peoplevolume_up

He has avoided taking a firm stand.volume_up

verbA1

to be on your feet; to be in a vertical positionvolume_up

She was too weak to stand.volume_up

standard (noun)

UK /ˈstændəd/US /ˈstændərd/

adjectiveB1

average or normal rather than having special or unusual featuresvolume_up

the standard rate of tax (= paid by everyone)volume_up

nounB1

a level of quality, especially one that people think is acceptablevolume_up

There has been a fall in living standards.volume_up

star (verb)

UK /stɑː(r)/US /stɑːr/

nounA1

a large ball of burning gas in space that we see as a point of light in the sky at nightvolume_up

There was a big moon and hundreds of stars were shining overhead.volume_up

verbA2

to have one of the main parts in a film, play, etc.volume_up

He starred in that movie about the crazy professor.volume_up

stare (verb)

UK /steə(r)/US /ster/

verbB2

to look at somebody/something for a long timevolume_up

I screamed and everyone stared.volume_up

start (verb)

UK /stɑːt/US /stɑːrt/

nounA2

the point at which something beginsvolume_up

If we don't hurry, we'll miss the start.volume_up

verbA1

to begin doing or using somethingvolume_up

I start work at nine.volume_up

state (verb)

UK /steɪt/US /steɪt/

adjectiveB1

provided or controlled by the government of a countryvolume_up

state officials/agenciesvolume_up

nounA2

a country considered as an organized political community controlled by one governmentvolume_up

the Baltic Statesvolume_up

verbB1

to formally write or say something, especially in a careful and clear wayvolume_up

He has already stated his intention to run for election.volume_up

statement (noun)

UK /ˈsteɪtmənt/US /ˈsteɪtmənt/

nounA1

something that you say or write that gives information or an opinionvolume_up

Are the following statements true or false?volume_up

station (noun)

UK /ˈsteɪʃn/US /ˈsteɪʃn/

nounA1

a place where trains stop so that passengers can get on and off; the buildings connected with thisvolume_up

the main stationvolume_up

statistic (noun)

UK /stəˈtɪstɪk/US /stəˈtɪstɪk/

nounB1

a collection of information shown in numbersvolume_up

Analysis of crime statistics showed high levels of violent crime within the area.volume_up

statue (noun)

UK /ˈstætʃuː/US /ˈstætʃuː/

nounB1

a figure of a person or an animal in stone, metal, etc., usually the same size as in real life or largervolume_up

a bronze/marble statuevolume_up

status (noun)

UK /ˈsteɪtəs/US /ˈsteɪtəs/

nounB2

the legal position of a person, group or countryvolume_up

They were granted refugee status.volume_up

stay (verb)

UK /steɪ/US /steɪ/

nounA2

a period of staying; a visitvolume_up

I enjoyed my stay in Prague.volume_up

verbA1

to continue to be in a particular place for a period of time without moving awayvolume_up

Stay there and don't move!volume_up

steady (adjective)

UK /ˈstedi/US /ˈstedi/

adjectiveB2

developing, growing, etc. gradually and in an even and regular wayvolume_up

We've had five years of steady economic growth.volume_up

steal (verb)

UK /stiːl/US /stiːl/

verbA2

to take something from a person, shop, etc. without permission and without intending to return it or pay for itvolume_up

I'll report you to the police if I catch you stealing again.volume_up

steel (noun)

UK /stiːl/US /stiːl/

nounB2

a strong, hard metal that is made of a mixture of iron and carbonvolume_up

the iron and steel industryvolume_up

steep (adjective)

UK /stiːp/US /stiːp/

adjectiveB2

rising or falling quickly, not graduallyvolume_up

a steep hill/slopevolume_up

step (verb)

UK /step/US /step/

nounA2

one of a series of things that you do in order to achieve somethingvolume_up

We are taking steps to prevent pollution.volume_up

verbB2

to lift your foot and move it in a particular direction or put it on or in something; to move a short distancevolume_up

to step onto/off a busvolume_up

stick (verb)

UK /stɪk/US /stɪk/

nounB1

a thin piece of wood that has fallen or been broken from a treevolume_up

We collected dry sticks to start a fire.volume_up

verbB1

to fix something to something else, usually with a sticky substance; to become fixed to something in this wayvolume_up

He stuck a stamp on the envelope.volume_up

sticky (adjective)

UK /ˈstɪki/US /ˈstɪki/

adjectiveB2

made of or covered in a substance that sticks to things that touch itvolume_up

sticky fingers covered in jamvolume_up

stiff (adjective)

UK /stɪf/US /stɪf/

adjectiveB2

difficult to bend or movevolume_up

a sheet of stiff black cardboardvolume_up

still (adverb)

UK /stɪl/US /stɪl/

adjectiveB1

not moving; calm and quietvolume_up

A fallen tree floated in the still water.volume_up

adverbA1

continuing until a particular point in time and not finishingvolume_up

I am very happy that you all are still alive and well.volume_up

stock (noun)

UK /stɒk/US /stɑːk/

nounB2

a supply of goods that is available for sale in a shopvolume_up

We have a fast turnover of stock.volume_up

stomach (noun)

UK /ˈstʌmək/US /ˈstʌmək/

nounA2

the organ inside the body where food goes when you eat itvolume_up

stomach pains/crampsvolume_up

stone (noun)

UK /stəʊn/US /stəʊn/

nounA2

a hard solid mineral substance that is found in the ground, often used for buildingvolume_up

Most of the houses are built of stone.volume_up

stop (verb)

UK /stɒp/US /stɑːp/

nounA1

a place where a bus or train stops regularly for passengers to get on or offvolume_up

I get off at the next stop.volume_up

verbA1

to no longer move; to make somebody/something no longer movevolume_up

The car stopped at the traffic lights.volume_up

store (verb)

UK /stɔː(r)/US /stɔːr/

nounA2

a large shop that sells many different types of goodsvolume_up

It's available at London's three biggest stores.volume_up

verbB1

to put something somewhere and keep it there to use latervolume_up

We do not have adequate space to store these documents.volume_up

storm (noun)

UK /stɔːm/US /stɔːrm/

nounA2

very bad weather with strong winds and rain, and often thunder and lightningvolume_up

fierce/heavy/severe/violent stormsvolume_up

story (noun)

UK /ˈstɔːri/US /ˈstɔːri/

nounA1

a description of events and people that the writer or speaker has invented in order to entertain peoplevolume_up

a tragic love storyvolume_up

straight (adverb)

UK /streɪt/US /streɪt/

adjectiveA2

without a bend or curve; going in one direction onlyvolume_up

a straight roadvolume_up

adverbA2

not in a curve or at an angle; in a straight linevolume_up

Keep straight on for two miles.volume_up

strange (adjective)

UK /streɪndʒ/US /streɪndʒ/

adjectiveA2

unusual or surprising, especially in a way that is difficult to understandvolume_up

A strange thing happened this morning.volume_up

stranger (noun)

UK /ˈstreɪndʒə(r)/US /ˈstreɪndʒər/

nounB1

a person that you do not knowvolume_up

There was a complete stranger sitting at my desk.volume_up

strategy (noun)

UK /ˈstrætədʒi/US /ˈstrætədʒi/

nounA2

a plan that is intended to achieve a particular purposevolume_up

the government’s economic strategyvolume_up

stream (noun)

UK /striːm/US /striːm/

nounB2

a small, narrow rivervolume_up

a mountain streamvolume_up

street (noun)

UK /striːt/US /striːt/

nounA1

a public road in a city or town that has houses and buildings on one side or both sidesvolume_up

I was just walking along the street when it happened.volume_up

strength (noun)

UK /streŋkθ/US /streŋkθ/

nounB1

the quality of being physically strongvolume_up

He pushed against the rock with all his strength.volume_up

stress (verb)

UK /stres/US /stres/

nounA2

pressure or worry caused by problems in somebody’s life or by having too much to dovolume_up

emotional/mental stressvolume_up

verbA2

to give extra force to a word or syllable when saying itvolume_up

You stress the first syllable in ‘happiness’.volume_up

stretch (verb)

UK /stretʃ/US /stretʃ/

nounB2

an area of land or water, especially a long onevolume_up

a particularly dangerous stretch of roadvolume_up

verbB2

to make something longer, wider or looser, for example by pulling it; to become longer, etc. in this wayvolume_up

Is there any way of stretching shoes?volume_up

strict (adjective)

UK /strɪkt/US /strɪkt/

adjectiveB2

that must be obeyed exactlyvolume_up

strict rules/regulationsvolume_up

strike (verb)

UK /straɪk/US /straɪk/

nounB2

a period of time when an organized group of employees of a company stops working because of an argument over pay or conditionsvolume_up

the miners'/firefighters'/teachers' strikevolume_up

verbB2

to hit somebody/something hard or with forcevolume_up

The ship struck a rock.volume_up

string (noun)

UK /strɪŋ/US /strɪŋ/

nounB1

long, thin material used for tying things together, made of several threads that have been twisted together; a piece of string used to fasten or pull something or keep something in placevolume_up

a piece/length/ball of stringvolume_up

strong (adjective)

UK /strɒŋ/US /strɔːŋ/

adjectiveA1

having a lot of physical power so that you can lift heavy weights, do hard physical work, etc.volume_up

He's strong enough to lift a car!volume_up

strongly (adverb)

UK /ˈstrɒŋli/US /ˈstrɔːŋli/

adverbB1

in a way that shows definite and serious opinions or beliefsvolume_up

a strongly worded protestvolume_up

structure (verb)

UK /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/US /ˈstrʌktʃər/

nounA2

the way in which the parts of something are connected together, arranged or organized; a particular arrangement of partsvolume_up

the structure of the buildingvolume_up

verbB2

to arrange or organize something into a system or patternvolume_up

How well does the teacher structure the lessons?volume_up

struggle (verb)

UK /ˈstrʌɡl/US /ˈstrʌɡl/

nounB2

a hard fight in which people try to obtain or achieve something, especially something that somebody else does not want them to havevolume_up

Marx wrote about the class struggle.volume_up

verbB2

to try very hard to do something when it is difficult or when there are a lot of problemsvolume_up

life as a struggling artist (= one who is very poor)volume_up

student (noun)

UK /ˈstjuːdnt/US /ˈstuːdnt/

nounA1

a person who is studying at a university or collegevolume_up

a college/university studentvolume_up

studio (noun)

UK /ˈstjuːdiəʊ/US /ˈstuːdiəʊ/

nounB1

a room where radio or television programmes are recorded and broadcast from, or where music is recordedvolume_up

a television/recording studiovolume_up

study (verb)

UK /ˈstʌdi/US /ˈstʌdi/

nounA1

the activity of learning or gaining knowledge, either from books or by examining things in the worldvolume_up

a room set aside for private studyvolume_up

verbA1

to spend time learning about a subject by reading, going to college, etc.volume_up

He sat up very late that night, studying.volume_up

stuff (verb)

UK /stʌf/US /stʌf/

nounB1

used to refer to a substance, material, group of objects, etc. when you do not know the name, when the name is not important or when it is obvious what you are talking aboutvolume_up

What's all that sticky stuff on the carpet?volume_up

verbB2

to fill a space or container tightly with somethingvolume_up

She had 500 envelopes to stuff with leaflets.volume_up

stupid (adjective)

UK /ˈstjuːpɪd/US /ˈstuːpɪd/

adjectiveA2

showing a lack of thought or good judgementvolume_up

a stupid mistake/question/ideavolume_up

style (noun)

UK /staɪl/US /staɪl/

nounA1

the particular way in which something is donevolume_up

a wide range of musical stylesvolume_up

subject (noun)

UK /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/US /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/

adjectiveB2

likely to be affected by something, especially something badvolume_up

At this stage these are proposals and are still subject to change.volume_up

nounA1

a thing or person that is being discussed, described or dealt withvolume_up

Walker's work has been the subject of much debate.volume_up

submit (verb)

UK /səbˈmɪt/US /səbˈmɪt/

verbB2

to give a document, proposal, etc. to somebody in authority so that they can study or consider itvolume_up

to submit an application/a claim/a proposalvolume_up

substance (noun)

UK /ˈsʌbstəns/US /ˈsʌbstəns/

nounB1

a type of solid, liquid or gas that has particular qualitiesvolume_up

a sticky substancevolume_up

succeed (verb)

UK /səkˈsiːd/US /səkˈsiːd/

verbA2

to achieve something that you have been trying to do or get; to have the result or effect that was intendedvolume_up

Our plan succeeded.volume_up

success (noun)

UK /səkˈses/US /səkˈses/

nounA1

the fact that you have achieved something that you want and have been trying to do or getvolume_up

The company has achieved considerable success in this market.volume_up

successful (adjective)

UK /səkˈsesfl/US /səkˈsesfl/

adjectiveA2

achieving your aims or what was intendedvolume_up

The experiment was entirely successful.volume_up

successfully (adverb)

UK /səkˈsesfəli/US /səkˈsesfəli/

adverbB1

in a way that achieves your aims or what was intendedvolume_up

She had already successfully completed these courses.volume_up

such (determiner, pronoun)

UK /sʌtʃ/US /sʌtʃ/

determinerA2

used to emphasize the great degree of somethingvolume_up

This issue was of such importance that we could not afford to ignore it.volume_up

pronounA2

used to emphasize the great degree of somethingvolume_up

This issue was of such importance that we could not afford to ignore it.volume_up

sudden (adjective)

UK /ˈsʌdn/US /ˈsʌdn/

adjectiveB1

happening or done quickly and unexpectedlyvolume_up

News of his sudden and unexpected death came as a great shock.volume_up

suddenly (adverb)

UK /ˈsʌdənli/US /ˈsʌdənli/

adverbA2

quickly and unexpectedlyvolume_up

I suddenly realized what I had to do.volume_up

suffer (verb)

UK /ˈsʌfə(r)/US /ˈsʌfər/

verbB1

to be badly affected by a disease, pain, sad feelings, a lack of something, etc.volume_up

I hate to see animals suffering.volume_up

sugar (noun)

UK /ˈʃʊɡə(r)/US /ˈʃʊɡər/

nounA1

a sweet substance, often in the form of white or brown crystals, made from the juices of various plants, used in cooking or to make tea, coffee, etc. sweetervolume_up

Do you take sugar (= have it in your tea, coffee, etc.)?volume_up

suggest (verb)

UK /səˈdʒest/US /səˈdʒest/

verbA2

to put forward an idea or a plan for other people to think aboutvolume_up

I'd like to suggest a different explanation for the company's decline.volume_up

suggestion (noun)

UK /səˈdʒestʃən/US /səˈdʒestʃən/

nounA2

an idea or a plan that you mention for somebody else to think aboutvolume_up

Can I make a suggestion?volume_up

suit (verb)

UK /suːt/US /suːt/

nounA2

a set of clothes made of the same cloth, including a jacket and trousers or a skirtvolume_up

She was wearing a grey business suit.volume_up

verbB1

to be convenient or useful for somebodyvolume_up

If we met at two, would that suit you?volume_up

suitable (adjective)

UK /ˈsuːtəbl/US /ˈsuːtəbl/

adjectiveB1

right or appropriate for a particular purpose or occasionvolume_up

a suitable candidatevolume_up

sum (verb)

UK /sʌm/US /sʌm/

nounB2

an amount of moneyvolume_up

You will be fined the sum of £200.volume_up

summarize (verb)

UK /ˈsʌməraɪz/US /ˈsʌməraɪz/

verbB1

to give a summary of somethingvolume_up

This essay briefly summarizes some of our approaches.volume_up

summary (noun)

UK /ˈsʌməri/US /ˈsʌməri/

nounB1

a short statement that gives only the main points of something, not the detailsvolume_up

a news summaryvolume_up

summer (noun)

UK /ˈsʌmə(r)/US /ˈsʌmər/

nounA1

the warmest season of the year, coming between spring and autumnvolume_up

We're going away in the summer.volume_up

sun (noun)

UK /sʌn/US /sʌn/

nounA1

the star that shines in the sky during the day and gives the earth heat and lightvolume_up

The sun was shining and birds were singing.volume_up

sunday (noun)

UK /ˈsʌndeɪ/US /ˈsʌndeɪ/

nounA1

the day of the week after Saturday and before Monday, thought of as either the first or the last day of the weekvolume_up

It's Sunday today, isn't it?volume_up

supermarket (noun)

UK /ˈsuːpəmɑːkɪt/US /ˈsuːpərmɑːrkɪt/

nounA1

a large shop that sells food, drinks and goods used in the home. People choose what they want from the shelves and pay for it as they leave.volume_up

I only shop at this supermarket.volume_up

supply (verb)

UK /səˈplaɪ/US /səˈplaɪ/

nounB1

an amount of something that is provided or available to be usedvolume_up

Advances in agriculture increased the food supply.volume_up

verbB1

to provide somebody/something with something that they need or want, especially in large quantitiesvolume_up

The company supplied sports equipment to schools.volume_up

support (verb)

UK /səˈpɔːt/US /səˈpɔːrt/

nounA2

approval that you give to somebody/something because you want them to be successfulvolume_up

There is strong public support for the policy.volume_up

verbA2

to help or encourage somebody/something by saying or showing that you agree with them/itvolume_up

to support an idea/a viewvolume_up

supporter (noun)

UK /səˈpɔːtə(r)/US /səˈpɔːrtər/

nounB1

a person who supports a political party, an idea, etc.volume_up

a strong/loyal/staunch/ardent supportervolume_up

suppose (verb)

UK /səˈpəʊz/US /səˈpəʊz/

verbA2

to think or believe that something is true or possible (based on the knowledge that you have)volume_up

Getting a visa isn't as simple as you might suppose.volume_up

sure (adverb)

UK /ʃʊə(r)/US /ʃʊr/

adjectiveA1

confident that you know something or that you are rightvolume_up

‘Is that John over there?’ ‘I'm not sure’.volume_up

adverbA2

used to say ‘yes’ to somebodyvolume_up

‘Will you get me my coat?’ ‘Sure, where is it?’volume_up

surely (adverb)

UK /ˈʃʊəli/US /ˈʃʊrli/

adverbB1

used to show that you are almost certain of what you are saying and want other people to agree with youvolume_up

Surely we should do something about it?volume_up

surface (noun)

UK /ˈsɜːfɪs/US /ˈsɜːrfɪs/

nounB1

the outside or top layer of somethingvolume_up

We need a flat, smooth surface to play the game on.volume_up

surgery (noun)

UK /ˈsɜːdʒəri/US /ˈsɜːrdʒəri/

nounB2

medical treatment of injuries or diseases that involves cutting open a person’s body and often removing or replacing some parts; the branch of medicine connected with this treatmentvolume_up

major/minor surgeryvolume_up

surprise (verb)

UK /səˈpraɪz/US /sərˈpraɪz/

nounA2

an event, a piece of news, etc. that is unexpected or that happens suddenlyvolume_up

What a nice surprise!volume_up

verbA2

to make somebody feel surprisedvolume_up

It wouldn't surprise me if they got married soon.volume_up

surprised (adjective)

UK /səˈpraɪzd/US /sərˈpraɪzd/

adjectiveA2

feeling or showing surprisevolume_up

a surprised lookvolume_up

surprising (adjective)

UK /səˈpraɪzɪŋ/US /sərˈpraɪzɪŋ/

adjectiveA2

causing surprisevolume_up

It’s not surprising (that) they lost.volume_up

surround (verb)

UK /səˈraʊnd/US /səˈraʊnd/

verbB2

to be all around something/somebodyvolume_up

Tall trees surround the lake.volume_up

surrounding (adjective)

UK /səˈraʊndɪŋ/US /səˈraʊndɪŋ/

adjectiveB2

that is near or around somethingvolume_up

Oxford and the surrounding areavolume_up

survey (verb)

UK /səˈveɪ/US /sərˈveɪ/

nounA2

an investigation of the opinions, behaviour, etc. of a particular group of people, which is usually done by asking them questionsvolume_up

A recent survey showed 75 per cent of those questioned were in favour of the plan.volume_up

verbB2

to look carefully at the whole of something, especially in order to get a general impression of itvolume_up

The next morning we surveyed the damage caused by the fire.volume_up

survive (verb)

UK /səˈvaɪv/US /sərˈvaɪv/

verbB1

to continue to live or existvolume_up

She was the last surviving member of the family.volume_up

suspect (verb)

UK /səˈspekt/US /səˈspekt/

nounB2

a person who is suspected of a crime or of having done something wrongvolume_up

a murder suspectvolume_up

verbB2

to have an idea that something is probably true or likely to happen, especially something bad, but without having definite proofvolume_up

As I had suspected all along, he was not a real policeman.volume_up

swear (verb)

UK /sweə(r)/US /swer/

verbB2

to use rude or offensive language, usually because you are angryvolume_up

She fell over and swore loudly.volume_up

sweater (noun)

UK /ˈswetə(r)/US /ˈswetər/

nounA1

a piece of clothing for the upper part of the body, made of wool or cotton, with long sleevesvolume_up

She wore jeans and a sweater.volume_up

sweep (verb)

UK /swiːp/US /swiːp/

verbB2

to clean a room, surface, etc. using a broom (= a type of brush on a long handle)volume_up

sweep (something), to sweep the floorvolume_up

sweet (noun)

UK /swiːt/US /swiːt/

adjectiveA2

containing, or tasting as if it contains, a lot of sugarvolume_up

a cup of hot sweet teavolume_up

nounA2

a small piece of sweet food, usually made with sugar and/or chocolate and eaten between mealsvolume_up

a packet of sweetsvolume_up

swim (verb)

UK /swɪm/US /swɪm/

nounB1

a period of time during which you swimvolume_up

Let's go for a swim.volume_up

verbA1

to move through water by moving your arms and legs, without touching the bottomvolume_up

I can't swim.volume_up

swimming (noun)

UK /ˈswɪmɪŋ/US /ˈswɪmɪŋ/

nounA1

the sport or activity of swimmingvolume_up

Swimming is a good form of exercise.volume_up

switch (verb)

UK /swɪtʃ/US /swɪtʃ/

nounB2

a small device that you press or move up and down in order to turn a light or piece of electrical equipment on and offvolume_up

a light switchvolume_up

verbB1

to change or make something change from one thing to anothervolume_up

We're in the process of switching over to a new system of invoicing.volume_up

symbol (noun)

UK /ˈsɪmbl/US /ˈsɪmbl/

nounA2

a person, an object, an event, etc. that represents a more general quality or situationvolume_up

The vase is decorated with religious symbols.volume_up

sympathy (noun)

UK /ˈsɪmpəθi/US /ˈsɪmpəθi/

nounB2

the feeling of being sorry for somebody; showing that you understand and care about somebody’s problemsvolume_up

to express/feel sympathy for somebodyvolume_up

symptom (noun)

UK /ˈsɪmptəm/US /ˈsɪmptəm/

nounB1

a change in your body or mind that shows that you are not healthyvolume_up

Symptoms include a headache and sore throat.volume_up

system (noun)

UK /ˈsɪstəm/US /ˈsɪstəm/

nounA2

an organized set of ideas or theories or a particular way of doing somethingvolume_up

reform of the country's education systemvolume_up

table (noun)

UK /ˈteɪbl/US /ˈteɪbl/

nounA1

a piece of furniture that consists of a flat top supported by legsvolume_up

We sat at a round table in the corner.volume_up

tablet (noun)

UK /ˈtæblət/US /ˈtæblət/

nounA2

a small computer that is easy to carry, with a large touch screen and usually without a physical keyboardvolume_up

The company has launched its latest 10-inch tablet.volume_up

tail (noun)

UK /teɪl/US /teɪl/

nounB1

the part that sticks out at the back of the body of a bird, an animal or a fish, which the animal can move from side to side or up and downvolume_up

The dog ran up, wagging its tail.volume_up

take (verb)

UK /teɪk/US /teɪk/

verbA1

to carry or move something from one place to anothervolume_up

Remember to take your coat when you leave.volume_up

tale (noun)

UK /teɪl/US /teɪl/

nounB2

a story created using the imagination, especially one that is full of action and adventurevolume_up

a coming-of-age/morality talevolume_up

talent (noun)

UK /ˈtælənt/US /ˈtælənt/

nounB1

a natural ability to do something wellvolume_up

The festival showcases the talent of young musicians.volume_up

talented (adjective)

UK /ˈtæləntɪd/US /ˈtæləntɪd/

adjectiveB1

having a natural ability to do something wellvolume_up

a talented player/musician/artistvolume_up

talk (verb)

UK /tɔːk/US /tɔːk/

nounA2

a speech or lecture on a particular subjectvolume_up

I went to several interesting talks at the conference.volume_up

verbA1

to say things; to speak in order to give information or to express feelings, ideas, etc.volume_up

Stop talking and listen!volume_up

tall (adjective)

UK /tɔːl/US /tɔːl/

adjectiveA1

having a greater than average heightvolume_up

She's tall and thin.volume_up

tank (noun)

UK /tæŋk/US /tæŋk/

nounB2

a large container for holding liquid or gasvolume_up

a fuel/water/storage tankvolume_up

tape (noun)

UK /teɪp/US /teɪp/

nounB1

a long, narrow piece of material with a sticky substance on one side that is used for sticking things togethervolume_up

adhesive/sticky tapevolume_up

target (verb)

UK /ˈtɑːɡɪt/US /ˈtɑːrɡɪt/

nounA2

a result that you try to achievevolume_up

to meet/hit a targetvolume_up

verbB2

to aim an attack or a criticism at somebody/somethingvolume_up

He accused the group of deliberately targeting civilians.volume_up

task (noun)

UK /tɑːsk/US /tæsk/

nounA2

a piece of work that somebody has to do, especially a hard or unpleasant onevolume_up

to accomplish/perform/undertake/complete a taskvolume_up

taste (verb)

UK /teɪst/US /teɪst/

nounA2

the particular quality that different foods and drinks have that allows you to recognize them when you put them in your mouthvolume_up

a sweet/salty/bitter/sour tastevolume_up

verbA2

to have a particular tastevolume_up

+ adj., to taste good/delicious/sweetvolume_up

tax (verb)

UK /tæks/US /tæks/

nounB1

money that you have to pay to the government so that it can pay for public services. People pay tax according to their income and businesses pay tax according to their profits. Tax is also often paid on goods and services.volume_up

to pay your taxesvolume_up

verbB1

to put a tax on somebody/something; to make somebody pay taxvolume_up

His declared aim was to tax the rich.volume_up

taxi (noun)

UK /ˈtæksi/US /ˈtæksi/

nounA1

a car with a driver that you pay to take you somewhere. Taxis usually have meters that show how much money you have to pay.volume_up

We took a taxi to the airport.volume_up

tea (noun)

UK /tiː/US /tiː/

nounA1

the dried leaves (called tea leaves) of the tea bushvolume_up

a packet of teavolume_up

teach (verb)

UK /tiːtʃ/US /tiːtʃ/

verbA1

to give lessons to students in a school, college, university, etc.; to help somebody learn something by giving information about itvolume_up

She teaches at our local school.volume_up

teacher (noun)

UK /ˈtiːtʃə(r)/US /ˈtiːtʃər/

nounA1

a person whose job is teaching, especially in a schoolvolume_up

an English/a science teachervolume_up

teaching (noun)

UK /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/US /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/

nounA2

the work of a teachervolume_up

She wants to go into teaching (= make it a career).volume_up

team (noun)

UK /tiːm/US /tiːm/

nounA1

a group of people who play a particular game or sport against another group of peoplevolume_up

a football/basketball/soccer teamvolume_up

tear (verb)

UK /teə(r)/US /ter/

nounB2

a hole that has been made in something by tearingvolume_up

This sheet has a tear in it.volume_up

verbB2

to damage something by pulling it apart or into pieces or by cutting it on something sharp; to become damaged in this wayvolume_up

I tore my jeans on the fence.volume_up

technical (adjective)

UK /ˈteknɪkl/US /ˈteknɪkl/

adjectiveB1

connected with the practical use of machines, methods, etc. in science and industryvolume_up

We offer free technical support for those buying our software.volume_up

technique (noun)

UK /tekˈniːk/US /tekˈniːk/

nounB1

a particular way of doing something, especially one in which you have to learn special skillsvolume_up

management techniquesvolume_up

technology (noun)

UK /tekˈnɒlədʒi/US /tekˈnɑːlədʒi/

nounA2

scientific knowledge used in practical ways in industry, for example in designing new machinesvolume_up

science and technologyvolume_up

teenage (adjective)

UK /ˈtiːneɪdʒ/US /ˈtiːneɪdʒ/

adjectiveA2

between 13 and 19 years old; connected with people of this agevolume_up

a teenage girl/boyvolume_up

teenager (noun)

UK /ˈtiːneɪdʒə(r)/US /ˈtiːneɪdʒər/

nounA1

a person who is between 13 and 19 years oldvolume_up

a magazine aimed at teenagersvolume_up

telephone (verb)

UK /ˈtelɪfəʊn/US /ˈtelɪfəʊn/

nounA1

a system for talking to somebody else over long distances, using wires or radio; a machine used for thisvolume_up

The telephone rang and Pat answered it.volume_up

verbA1

to speak to somebody by phonevolume_up

Please write or telephone for details.volume_up

television (noun)

UK /ˈtelɪvɪʒn/US /ˈtelɪvɪʒn/

nounA1

a piece of electrical equipment with a screen on which you can watch programmes with moving pictures and soundsvolume_up

a widescreen/flat-screen/plasma televisionvolume_up

tell (verb)

UK /tel/US /tel/

verbA1

to give information to somebody by speaking or writingvolume_up

He told the news to everybody he saw.volume_up

temperature (noun)

UK /ˈtemprətʃə(r)/US /ˈtemprətʃər/

nounA2

the measurement in degrees of how hot or cold a thing or place isvolume_up

high/low temperaturesvolume_up

temporary (adjective)

UK /ˈtemprəri/US /ˈtempəreri/

adjectiveB2

lasting or intended to last or be used only for a short time; not permanentvolume_up

to hire temporary workersvolume_up

ten (number)

UK /ten/US /ten/

numberA1

10volume_up

There are only ten of these rare animals left.volume_up

tend (verb)

UK /tend/US /tend/

verbB1

to be likely to do something or to happen in a particular way because this is what often or usually happensvolume_up

Women tend to live longer than men.volume_up

tennis (noun)

UK /ˈtenɪs/US /ˈtenɪs/

nounA1

a game in which two or four players use rackets to hit a ball backwards and forwards across a net on a specially marked courtvolume_up

to play tennisvolume_up

tent (noun)

UK /tent/US /tent/

nounB1

a shelter made of a large sheet of canvas, nylon, etc. that is supported by poles and ropes fixed to the ground, and is used especially for campingvolume_up

to put up/take down a tentvolume_up

term (verb)

UK /tɜːm/US /tɜːrm/

nounA2

a word or phrase used as the name of something, especially one connected with a particular type of languagevolume_up

a technical/legal/generic termvolume_up

verbB2

to use a particular name or word to describe somebody/somethingvolume_up

term somebody/something + adj., At his age, he can hardly be termed young.volume_up

terrible (adjective)

UK /ˈterəbl/US /ˈterəbl/

adjectiveA1

very unpleasant; making you feel very unhappy, upset or frightenedvolume_up

a terrible experiencevolume_up

test (verb)

UK /test/US /test/

nounA1

an examination of somebody’s knowledge or ability, consisting of questions for them to answer or activities for them to performvolume_up

an IQ/a fitness testvolume_up

verbA1

to find out how much somebody knows, or what they can do by asking them questions or giving them activities to performvolume_up

Students will be tested at the end of each module.volume_up

text (verb)

UK /tekst/US /tekst/

nounA1

any form of written materialvolume_up

a computer that can process textvolume_up

than (preposition, conjunction)

UK /ðən/US /ðən/

conjunctionA1

used to introduce the second part of a comparisonvolume_up

I'm older than her.volume_up

prepositionA1

used to introduce the second part of a comparisonvolume_up

I'm older than her.volume_up

thank (verb)

UK /θæŋk/US /θæŋk/

verbA1

to tell somebody that you are grateful for somethingvolume_up

I must write and thank Mary for the present.volume_up

thanks (noun)

UK /θæŋks/US /θæŋks/

exclamationA1

used to show that you are grateful to somebody for something they have donevolume_up

‘How are you?’ ‘Fine, thanks (= thanks for asking).’volume_up

nounA1

words or actions that show that you are grateful to somebody for somethingvolume_up

How can I ever express my thanks to you for all you've done?volume_up

that (pronoun)

UK /ðæt/US /ðæt/

adverbB1

to such a degree; sovolume_up

I can't walk that far (= as far as that).volume_up

conjunctionA1

used after some verbs, adjectives and nouns to introduce a new part of the sentencevolume_up

She said (that) the story was true.volume_up

determinerA1

used for referring to a person or thing that is not near the speaker or as near to the speaker as anothervolume_up

Look at that man over there.volume_up

pronounA1

used for referring to a person or thing that is not near the speaker, or not as near to the speaker as anothervolume_up

Who's that?volume_up

the (definite article)

UK /ðə/US /ðə/

definite articleA1

used to refer to somebody/something that has already been mentioned or is easily understoodvolume_up

There were three questions. The first two were relatively easy but the third one was hard.volume_up

theatre (noun)

UK /ˈθɪətə(r)/US /ˈθiːətər/

nounA1

a building or an outdoor area where plays and similar types of entertainment are performedvolume_up

Broadway theatresvolume_up

their (determiner)

UK /ðeə(r)/US /ðer/

determinerA1

of or belonging to people, animals or things that have already been mentioned or are easily identifiedvolume_up

Their parties are always fun.volume_up

theirs (pronoun)

UK /ðeəz/US /ðerz/

pronounB1

of or belonging to themvolume_up

Theirs are the children with very fair hair.volume_up

them (pronoun)

UK /ðəm/US /ðəm/

pronounA1

used when referring to people, animals or things as the object of a verb or preposition, or after the verb bevolume_up

Tell them the news.volume_up

theme (noun)

UK /θiːm/US /θiːm/

nounB1

the subject or main idea in a talk, piece of writing or work of artvolume_up

the central/main/key/major themevolume_up

themselves (pronoun)

UK /ðəmˈselvz/US /ðəmˈselvz/

pronounA2

used when people or animals performing an action are also affected by itvolume_up

They seemed to be enjoying themselves.volume_up

then (adverb)

UK /ðen/US /ðen/

adverbA1

used to refer to a particular time in the past or futurevolume_up

Life was harder then because neither of us had a job.volume_up

theory (noun)

UK /ˈθɪəri/US /ˈθiːəri/

nounB1

a formal set of ideas that is intended to explain why something happens or existsvolume_up

the theory of evolution/relativityvolume_up

therapy (noun)

UK /ˈθerəpi/US /ˈθerəpi/

nounB2

the treatment of a physical problem or an illnessvolume_up

He is receiving therapy for cancer.volume_up

there (adverb)

UK /ðeə(r)/US /ðer/

adverbA1

used to show that something exists or happensvolume_up

There's a restaurant around the corner.volume_up

therefore (adverb)

UK /ˈðeəfɔː(r)/US /ˈðerfɔːr/

adverbB1

used to introduce the logical result of something that has just been mentionedvolume_up

He's only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote.volume_up

they (pronoun)

UK /ðeɪ/US /ðeɪ/

pronounA1

people, animals or things that have already been mentioned or are easily identifiedvolume_up

‘Where are John and Liz?’ ‘They went for a walk.’volume_up

thick (adjective)

UK /θɪk/US /θɪk/

adjectiveA2

having a larger distance between opposite sides or surfaces than other similar objects or than normalvolume_up

a thick slice of breadvolume_up

thief (noun)

UK /θiːf/US /θiːf/

nounA2

a person who steals something from another person or placevolume_up

a car/jewel thiefvolume_up

thin (adjective)

UK /θɪn/US /θɪn/

adjectiveA2

having a smaller distance between opposite sides or surfaces than other similar objects or than normalvolume_up

Cut the vegetables into thin strips.volume_up

thing (noun)

UK /θɪŋ/US /θɪŋ/

nounA1

an object whose name you do not use because you do not need to or want to, or because you do not know itvolume_up

Can you pass me that thing over there?volume_up

think (verb)

UK /θɪŋk/US /θɪŋk/

verbA1

to have a particular idea or opinion about something/somebody; to believe somethingvolume_up

Do you really think (that) he'll win?volume_up

thinking (noun)

UK /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/US /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

nounA2

the process of thinking about somethingvolume_up

I had to do some quick thinking.volume_up

third (ordinal number)

UK /θɜːd/US /θɜːrd/

nounA2

each of three equal parts of somethingvolume_up

He divided the money into thirds.volume_up

ordinal numberA1

3rdvolume_up

Today is the third (of May).volume_up

thirsty (adjective)

UK /ˈθɜːsti/US /ˈθɜːrsti/

adjectiveA1

needing or wanting to drinkvolume_up

We were hungry and thirsty.volume_up

thirteen (number)

UK /ˌθɜːˈtiːn/US /ˌθɜːrˈtiːn/

thirty (number)

UK /ˈθɜːti/US /ˈθɜːrti/

this (determiner, pronoun)

UK /ðɪs/US /ðɪs/

adverbB1

to this degree; sovolume_up

It's about this high (= as high as I am showing you with my hands).volume_up

determinerA1

used to refer to a particular person, thing or event that is close to you, especially compared with anothervolume_up

How long have you been living in this country?volume_up

though (conjunction)

UK /ðəʊ/US /ðəʊ/

adverbB1

used especially at the end of a sentence or clause to add a fact or an opinion that makes the previous statement less strong or less importantvolume_up

Our team lost. It was a good game though.volume_up

conjunctionB1

despite the fact thatvolume_up

Anne was fond of Tim, though he often annoyed her.volume_up

thought (noun)

UK /θɔːt/US /θɔːt/

nounA2

something that you think of or remembervolume_up

I couldn't bear the thought of waiting any longer.volume_up

thousand (number)

UK /ˈθaʊznd/US /ˈθaʊznd/

numberA1

1 000volume_up

There were thousands of people there.volume_up

threat (noun)

UK /θret/US /θret/

nounB2

a statement in which you tell somebody that you will punish or harm them, especially if they do not do what you wantvolume_up

to make threats against somebodyvolume_up

threaten (verb)

UK /ˈθretn/US /ˈθretn/

verbB2

to say that you will cause trouble, hurt somebody, etc. if you do not get what you wantvolume_up

They broke my windows and threatened me.volume_up

three (number)

UK /θriː/US /θriː/

numberA1

3volume_up

There are only three cookies left.volume_up

throat (noun)

UK /θrəʊt/US /θrəʊt/

nounB1

a passage in the neck through which food and air pass on their way into the body; the front part of the neckvolume_up

a sore throatvolume_up

through (preposition)

UK /θruː/US /θruː/

adverbA1

from one end or side of something to the othervolume_up

Put the coffee in the filter and let the water run through.volume_up

prepositionA1

from one end or side of something/somebody to the othervolume_up

The burglar got in through the window.volume_up

throughout (preposition, adverb)

UK /θruːˈaʊt/US /θruːˈaʊt/

adverbB1

in or into every part of somethingvolume_up

They export their products to markets throughout the world.volume_up

prepositionB1

in or into every part of somethingvolume_up

They export their products to markets throughout the world.volume_up

throw (verb)

UK /θrəʊ/US /θrəʊ/

verbA2

to send something from your hand through the air by moving your hand or arm quicklyvolume_up

Practise throwing and catching.volume_up

thursday (noun)

UK /ˈθɜːzdeɪ/US /ˈθɜːrzdeɪ/

nounA1

the day of the week after Wednesday and before Fridayvolume_up

It's Thursday today, isn't it?volume_up

thus (adverb)

UK /ðʌs/US /ðʌs/

adverbB2

in this way; like thisvolume_up

Many scholars have argued thus.volume_up

ticket (noun)

UK /ˈtɪkɪt/US /ˈtɪkɪt/

nounA1

a printed piece of paper, or a message or image received on your phone or computer, that gives you the right to travel on a particular bus, train, etc. or to go into a theatre, etc.volume_up

a plane/bus/train ticketvolume_up

tidy (verb)

UK /ˈtaɪdi/US /ˈtaɪdi/

adjectiveA2

arranged neatly and with everything in ordervolume_up

a tidy deskvolume_up

verbA2

to make something look neat by putting things in the place where they belongvolume_up

I spent all morning cleaning and tidying.volume_up

tie (verb)

UK /taɪ/US /taɪ/

nounA2

a long, narrow piece of cloth worn around the neck, especially by men, with a knot in frontvolume_up

He was dressed impeccably in a suit and tie.volume_up

verbA2

to attach or hold two or more things together using string, rope, etc.; to fasten somebody/something with string, rope, etc.volume_up

She tied the newspapers in a bundle.volume_up

tight (adjective)

UK /taɪt/US /taɪt/

adjectiveB1

held or fixed in position securely; difficult to move, open or separatevolume_up

He kept a tight grip on her arm.volume_up

till (conjunction, preposition)

UK /tɪl/US /tɪl/

conjunctionB1

untilvolume_up

We're open till 6 o'clock.volume_up

prepositionB1

untilvolume_up

We're open till 6 o'clock.volume_up

time (verb)

UK /taɪm/US /taɪm/

nounA1

what is measured in minutes, hours, days, etc.volume_up

The world exists in time and space.volume_up

verbB2

to measure how long it takes for something to happen or for somebody to do somethingvolume_up

I’ve never timed it.’volume_up

tin (noun)

UK /tɪn/US /tɪn/

nounB1

a metal container in which food is sold; the contents of one of these containersvolume_up

Open the tin and drain the tuna.volume_up

tiny (adjective)

UK /ˈtaɪni/US /ˈtaɪni/

adjectiveB1

very small in size or amountvolume_up

a tiny babyvolume_up

tip (verb)

UK /tɪp/US /tɪp/

nounA2

a small piece of advice about something practicalvolume_up

handy tips for buying a computervolume_up

verbB1

to give somebody an extra amount of money to thank them for something they have done for you as part of their jobvolume_up

Americans were always welcome because they tended to tip heavily.volume_up

tired (adjective)

UK /ˈtaɪəd/US /ˈtaɪərd/

adjectiveA1

feeling that you would like to sleep or rest; needing restvolume_up

to be/look/feel tiredvolume_up

title (verb)

UK /ˈtaɪtl/US /ˈtaɪtl/

nounA1

the name of a book, poem, painting, piece of music, etc.volume_up

What's title of her new book?volume_up

verbB2

to give a book, piece of music, etc. a particular namevolume_up

Their first album was titled ‘Made in Valmez’.volume_up

to (preposition)

UK /tə/US /tə/

infinitive markerA1

used to show purpose or intentionvolume_up

I set out to buy food.volume_up

prepositionA1

in the direction of something; towards somethingvolume_up

I walked to the office.volume_up

today (noun)

UK /təˈdeɪ/US /təˈdeɪ/

adverbA1

on this dayvolume_up

I've got a piano lesson later today.volume_up

nounA1

this dayvolume_up

Today is her tenth birthday.volume_up

toe (noun)

UK /təʊ/US /təʊ/

nounB1

one of the five small parts that stick out from the foot; any similar part on the foot of an animal or birdvolume_up

the big/little toe (= the largest/smallest toe)volume_up

together (adverb)

UK /təˈɡeðə(r)/US /təˈɡeðər/

adverbA1

with or near to somebody/something else; with each othervolume_up

We grew up together.volume_up

toilet (noun)

UK /ˈtɔɪlət/US /ˈtɔɪlət/

nounA1

a large bowl attached to a pipe that you sit on or stand over when you get rid of waste matter from your bodyvolume_up

Have you flushed the toilet?volume_up

tomato (noun)

UK /təˈmɑːtəʊ/US /təˈmeɪtəʊ/

nounA1

a soft fruit with a lot of juice and shiny red skin that is eaten as a vegetable either raw or cookedvolume_up

a bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwichvolume_up

tomorrow (noun)

UK /təˈmɒrəʊ/US /təˈmɑːrəʊ/

adverbA1

on or during the day after todayvolume_up

I'm off now. See you tomorrow.volume_up

nounA1

the day after todayvolume_up

Today is Tuesday, so tomorrow is Wednesday.volume_up

tone (noun)

UK /təʊn/US /təʊn/

nounB2

the quality of somebody’s voice, especially expressing a particular emotionvolume_up

speaking in hushed/low/clipped/measured, etc. tonesvolume_up

tongue (noun)

UK /tʌŋ/US /tʌŋ/

nounB1

the soft part in the mouth that moves around, used for tasting, swallowing, speaking, etc.volume_up

He clicked his tongue to attract their attention.volume_up

tonight (noun)

UK /təˈnaɪt/US /təˈnaɪt/

adverbA1

on or during the evening or night of todayvolume_up

Will you have dinner with me tonight?volume_up

nounA1

the evening or night of todayvolume_up

Here are tonight's football results.volume_up

too (adverb)

UK /tuː/US /tuː/

adverbA1

used before adjectives and adverbs to say that something is more than is good, necessary, possible, etc.volume_up

He's far too young to go on his own.volume_up

tool (noun)

UK /tuːl/US /tuːl/

nounA2

an instrument such as a hammer, screwdriver, saw, etc. that you hold in your hand and use for making things, repairing things, etc.volume_up

garden toolsvolume_up

tooth (noun)

UK /tuːθ/US /tuːθ/

nounA1

any of the hard white structures in the mouth used for biting foodvolume_up

I've just had a tooth out at the dentist's.volume_up

top (verb)

UK /tɒp/US /tɑːp/

adjectiveA2

highest in positionvolume_up

He lives on the top floor.volume_up

nounA2

the highest part or point of somethingvolume_up

She was standing at the top of the stairs.volume_up

verbC1

to be higher than a particular amountvolume_up

Worldwide sales look set to top $1 billion.volume_up

topic (noun)

UK /ˈtɒpɪk/US /ˈtɑːpɪk/

nounA1

a subject that you talk, write or learn aboutvolume_up

The main topic of conversation was Tom's new girlfriend.volume_up

total (verb)

UK /ˈtəʊtl/US /ˈtəʊtl/

adjectiveB1

being the amount or number after everyone or everything is counted or added togethervolume_up

Their total cost was $18 000.volume_up

nounB1

the amount you get when you add several numbers or amounts together; the final number of people or things when they have all been countedvolume_up

You got 47 points on the written examination and 18 on the oral, making a total of 65.volume_up

verbC1

to reach a particular totalvolume_up

Imports totalled $1.5 billion last year.volume_up

totally (adverb)

UK /ˈtəʊtəli/US /ˈtəʊtəli/

adverbB1

completelyvolume_up

They come from totally different cultures.volume_up

touch (verb)

UK /tʌtʃ/US /tʌtʃ/

nounB1

the sense that enables you to be aware of things and what they are like when you put your hands and fingers on themvolume_up

the sense of touchvolume_up

verbA2

to put your hand or another part of your body onto somebody/somethingvolume_up

Don't touch that plate—it's hot!volume_up

tough (adjective)

UK /tʌf/US /tʌf/

adjectiveB2

having or causing problems or difficultiesvolume_up

a tough childhoodvolume_up

tour (verb)

UK /tʊə(r)/US /tʊr/

nounA2

a journey made for pleasure during which several different towns, countries, etc. are visitedvolume_up

a walking/sightseeing/bus tourvolume_up

verbB1

to travel around a place, for example on holiday, or to perform, to advertise something, etc.volume_up

He toured America with his one-man show.volume_up

tourism (noun)

UK /ˈtʊərɪzəm/US /ˈtʊrɪzəm/

nounA2

the business activity connected with providing accommodation, services and entertainment for people who are visiting a place for pleasurevolume_up

The area is heavily dependent on tourism.volume_up

tourist (noun)

UK /ˈtʊərɪst/US /ˈtʊrɪst/

nounA1

a person who is travelling or visiting a place for pleasurevolume_up

busloads of foreign touristsvolume_up

towards (preposition)

UK /təˈwɔːdz/US /tɔːrdz/

prepositionA2

in the direction of somebody/somethingvolume_up

They were heading towards the German border.volume_up

towel (noun)

UK /ˈtaʊəl/US /ˈtaʊəl/

nounA2

a piece of cloth or paper used for drying things, especially your bodyvolume_up

Help yourself to a clean towel.volume_up

tower (noun)

UK /ˈtaʊə(r)/US /ˈtaʊər/

nounA2

a tall narrow building or part of a building, especially of a church or castlevolume_up

a bell towervolume_up

town (noun)

UK /taʊn/US /taʊn/

nounA1

a place with many houses, shops, etc. where people live and work. It is larger than a village but smaller than a city.volume_up

The nearest town is ten miles away.volume_up

toy (noun)

UK /tɔɪ/US /tɔɪ/

adjectiveA2

made as a copy of a particular thing and used for playing withvolume_up

a toy carvolume_up

nounA2

an object for children to play withvolume_up

cuddly/stuffed toysvolume_up

track (verb)

UK /træk/US /træk/

nounA2

rails (= metal bars) that a train moves alongvolume_up

railway/railroad tracksvolume_up

verbB2

to find somebody/something by following the marks, signs, information, etc., that they have left behind themvolume_up

hunters tracking and shooting bearsvolume_up

trade (verb)

UK /treɪd/US /treɪd/

nounB1

the activity of buying and selling or of exchanging goods or services between people or countriesvolume_up

international/foreign/global/world tradevolume_up

verbB1

to buy and sell thingsvolume_up

The firm openly traded in arms.volume_up

tradition (noun)

UK /trəˈdɪʃn/US /trəˈdɪʃn/

nounA2

a belief, custom or way of doing something that has existed for a long time among a particular group of people; a set of these beliefs or customsvolume_up

religious/cultural/ancient traditionsvolume_up

traditional (adjective)

UK /trəˈdɪʃənl/US /trəˈdɪʃənl/

adjectiveA2

being part of the beliefs, customs or way of life of a particular group of people, that have not changed for a long timevolume_up

traditional dress/music/art/culture/dancevolume_up

traffic (noun)

UK /ˈtræfɪk/US /ˈtræfɪk/

nounA1

the vehicles that are on a road at a particular timevolume_up

There's always a lot of traffic at this time of day.volume_up

train (verb)

UK /treɪn/US /treɪn/

nounA1

a number of connected coaches or trucks, pulled by an engine or powered by a motor in each one, taking people and goods from one place to anothervolume_up

to get on/off a trainvolume_up

verbA2

to teach a person or an animal the skills for a particular job or activity; to be taught in this wayvolume_up

highly trained professionalsvolume_up

trainer (noun)

UK /ˈtreɪnə(r)/US /ˈtreɪnər/

nounA2

a shoe that you wear for sports or as informal clothingvolume_up

a pair of trainersvolume_up

training (noun)

UK /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/US /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

nounA2

the process of learning the skills that you need to do a jobvolume_up

staff trainingvolume_up

transfer (verb)

UK /trænsˈfɜː(r)/US /trænsˈfɜːr/

nounB2

the act of moving somebody/something from one place, group or job to another; an occasion when this happensvolume_up

electronic data transfervolume_up

verbB2

to move from one place to another; to move something/somebody from one place to anothervolume_up

The film studio is transferring to Hollywood.volume_up

transform (verb)

UK /trænsˈfɔːm/US /trænsˈfɔːrm/

verbB2

to change the form of something; to change in formvolume_up

The photochemical reactions transform the light into electrical impulses.volume_up

transition (noun)

UK /trænˈzɪʃn/US /trænˈzɪʃn/

nounB2

the process or a period of changing from one state or condition to anothervolume_up

the transition from school to full-time workvolume_up

translate (verb)

UK /trænzˈleɪt/US /trænzˈleɪt/

verbB1

to express the meaning of speech or writing in a different languagevolume_up

He translated the letter into English.volume_up

translation (noun)

UK /trænzˈleɪʃn/US /trænzˈleɪʃn/

nounB1

the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another languagevolume_up

an error in translationvolume_up

transport (verb)

UK /trænˈspɔːt/US /trænˈspɔːrt/

nounA2

a system for carrying people or goods from one place to another using vehicles, roads, etc.volume_up

air/freight/road transportvolume_up

verbB1

to take something/somebody from one place to another in a vehiclevolume_up

to transport goods/passengersvolume_up

travel (verb)

UK /ˈtrævl/US /ˈtrævl/

nounA1

the act or activity of travellingvolume_up

air/rail/space travelvolume_up

verbA1

to go from one place to another, especially over a long distancevolume_up

I go to bed early if I'm travelling the next day.volume_up

traveller (noun)

UK /ˈtrævələ(r)/US /ˈtrævələr/

nounA2

a person who is travelling or who often travelsvolume_up

She is a frequent traveller to Belgium.volume_up

treat (verb)

UK /triːt/US /triːt/

verbB1

to behave in a particular way towards somebody/somethingvolume_up

to treat people with respectvolume_up

treatment (noun)

UK /ˈtriːtmənt/US /ˈtriːtmənt/

nounB1

something that is done to cure an illness or injury, or to make somebody look and feel goodvolume_up

The drug is used in the treatment of depression.volume_up

tree (noun)

UK /triː/US /triː/

nounA1

a tall plant that can live a long time. Trees have a thick central wooden trunk from which branches grow, usually with leaves on themvolume_up

an oak/olive/apple treevolume_up

trend (noun)

UK /trend/US /trend/

nounB1

a general direction in which a situation is changing or developingvolume_up

social/economic/political/demographic trendsvolume_up

trial (noun)

UK /ˈtraɪəl/US /ˈtraɪəl/

nounB2

a formal examination of evidence in court by a judge and often a jury, to decide if somebody accused of a crime is guilty or notvolume_up

a murder/criminal trialvolume_up

trick (verb)

UK /trɪk/US /trɪk/

nounB1

something that you do to make somebody believe something that is not true, or to annoy somebody as a jokevolume_up

They had to think of a trick to get past the guards.volume_up

verbB1

to make somebody believe something which is not true, especially in order to cheat themvolume_up

I'd been tricked and I felt stupid.volume_up

trip (verb)

UK /trɪp/US /trɪp/

nounA1

a journey to a place and back again, especially a short one for pleasure or a particular purposevolume_up

Did you have a good trip?volume_up

verbB2

to catch your foot on something and fall or almost fallvolume_up

She tripped and fell.volume_up

tropical (adjective)

UK /ˈtrɒpɪkl/US /ˈtrɑːpɪkl/

adjectiveB2

coming from, found in or typical of the tropicsvolume_up

tropical fish/birds/fruitvolume_up

trouble (verb)

UK /ˈtrʌbl/US /ˈtrʌbl/

nounA2

a problem, worry, difficulty, etc. or a situation causing thisvolume_up

We have trouble getting staff.volume_up

verbB2

to make somebody worried or upsetvolume_up

What is it that's troubling you?volume_up

trousers (noun)

UK /ˈtraʊzəz/US /ˈtraʊzərz/

nounA1

a piece of clothing that covers the lower body and is divided into two parts to cover each leg separatelyvolume_up

a pair of grey trousersvolume_up

truck (noun)

UK /trʌk/US /trʌk/

nounA2

a large vehicle for carrying heavy loads by roadvolume_up

a truck drivervolume_up

true (adjective)

UK /truː/US /truː/

adjectiveA1

connected with facts rather than things that have been invented or guessedvolume_up

Indicate whether the following statements are true or false.volume_up

truly (adverb)

UK /ˈtruːli/US /ˈtruːli/

adverbB2

used to emphasize that a particular statement, feeling, etc. is sincere or realvolume_up

She truly believes that none of this is her fault.volume_up

trust (verb)

UK /trʌst/US /trʌst/

nounB2

the belief that somebody/something is good, sincere, honest, etc. and will not try to harm or trick youvolume_up

Our partnership is based on trust.volume_up

verbB2

to have confidence in somebody; to believe that somebody is good, sincere, honest, etc.volume_up

She trusts Alan implicitly.volume_up

truth (noun)

UK /truːθ/US /truːθ/

nounB1

the true facts about something, rather than the things that have been invented or guessedvolume_up

Do you think she's telling the truth?volume_up

try (verb)

UK /traɪ/US /traɪ/

nounB2

an act of trying to do somethingvolume_up

I doubt they'll be able to help but it's worth a try (= worth asking them).volume_up

verbA1

to make an attempt or effort to do or get somethingvolume_up

I don't know if I can come but I'll try.volume_up

t-shirt (noun)

UK /ˈtiː ʃɜːt/US /ˈtiː ʃɜːrt/

nounA1

an informal shirt, usually with short sleeves (= arms) no collar or buttons, or just a few buttons at the topvolume_up

He was wearing a faded pair of blue jeans and an old T-shirt.volume_up

tube (noun)

UK /tjuːb/US /tuːb/

nounB1

a long, hollow pipe made of metal, plastic, rubber, etc., through which liquids or gases move from one place to anothervolume_up

He had to be fed through a feeding tube for several months.volume_up

tuesday (noun)

UK /ˈtjuːzdeɪ/US /ˈtuːzdeɪ/

nounA1

the day of the week after Monday and before Wednesdayvolume_up

It's Tuesday today, isn't it?volume_up

tune (noun)

UK /tjuːn/US /tuːn/

nounB2

a series of musical notes that are sung or played in a particular order to form a piece of musicvolume_up

to sing/whistle a tunevolume_up

tunnel (noun)

UK /ˈtʌnl/US /ˈtʌnl/

nounB2

a passage built underground, for example to allow a road or railway to go through a hill, under a river, etc.volume_up

a railway/railroad tunnelvolume_up

turn (verb)

UK /tɜːn/US /tɜːrn/

nounA1

the time when somebody in a group of people should or is allowed to do somethingvolume_up

When it's your turn, take another card.volume_up

verbA1

to move or make something move around a central pointvolume_up

The wheels of the car began to turn.volume_up

tv (noun)

UK /ˌtiː ˈviː/US /ˌtiː ˈviː/

nounA1

televisionvolume_up

We spent the evening watching TV.volume_up

twelve (number)

UK /twelv/US /twelv/

numberA1

12volume_up

There are only twelve of these rare animals left.volume_up

twenty (number)

UK /ˈtwenti/US /ˈtwenti/

twice (adverb)

UK /twaɪs/US /twaɪs/

adverbA1

two times; on two occasionsvolume_up

I don't know him well; I've only met him twice.volume_up

twin (noun)

UK /twɪn/US /twɪn/

adjectiveA2

used to describe one of a pair of children who are twinsvolume_up

a twin brother/sistervolume_up

nounA2

one of two children born at the same time to the same mothervolume_up

She's expecting twins.volume_up

two (number)

UK /tuː/US /tuː/

numberA1

2volume_up

There are only two cookies left.volume_up

type (verb)

UK /taɪp/US /taɪp/

nounA1

a class or group of people or things that share particular qualities or features and are part of a larger group; a kind or sortvolume_up

a rare blood typevolume_up

verbB1

to write something using a computer keyboard or typewritervolume_up

How fast can you type?volume_up

typical (adjective)

UK /ˈtɪpɪkl/US /ˈtɪpɪkl/

adjectiveA2

having the usual qualities or features of a particular type of person, thing or groupvolume_up

a typical Italian cafevolume_up

typically (adverb)

UK /ˈtɪpɪkli/US /ˈtɪpɪkli/

adverbB1

used to say that something usually happens in the way that you are statingvolume_up

The standard chips are typically used for databases and other business software.volume_up

tyre (noun)

UK /ˈtaɪə(r)/US /ˈtaɪər/

nounB1

a thick rubber ring that fits around the edge of a wheel of a car, bicycle, etc.volume_up

a front/rear tyrevolume_up

ugly (adjective)

UK /ˈʌɡli/US /ˈʌɡli/

adjectiveB1

unpleasant to look atvolume_up

an ugly facevolume_up

ultimately (adverb)

UK /ˈʌltɪmətli/US /ˈʌltɪmətli/

adverbB2

in the end; finallyvolume_up

A poor diet will ultimately lead to illness.volume_up

umbrella (noun)

UK /ʌmˈbrelə/US /ʌmˈbrelə/

nounA1

an object with a round folding frame of long, straight pieces of metal covered with material, that you use to protect yourself from the rain or from hot sunvolume_up

to carry/hold an umbrellavolume_up

unable (adjective)

UK /ʌnˈeɪbl/US /ʌnˈeɪbl/

adjectiveB1

not having the skill, strength, time, knowledge, etc. to do somethingvolume_up

a former soldier who has been unable to find work since the war endedvolume_up

uncle (noun)

UK /ˈʌŋkl/US /ˈʌŋkl/

nounA1

the brother of your mother or father; the husband of your aunt or unclevolume_up

Uncle Ianvolume_up

uncomfortable (adjective)

UK /ʌnˈkʌmftəbl/US /ʌnˈkʌmftəbl/

adjectiveB1

not letting you feel physically comfortable; unpleasant to wear, sit on, etc.volume_up

uncomfortable shoesvolume_up

unconscious (adjective)

UK /ʌnˈkɒnʃəs/US /ʌnˈkɑːnʃəs/

adjectiveB2

in a state like sleep because of an injury or illness, and not able to use your sensesvolume_up

They found him lying unconscious on the floor.volume_up

under (preposition)

UK /ˈʌndə(r)/US /ˈʌndər/

adverbA1

below somethingvolume_up

He pulled up the covers and crawled under.volume_up

prepositionA1

in, to or through a position that is below somethingvolume_up

Have you looked under the bed?volume_up

underground (adverb)

UK /ˌʌndəˈɡraʊnd/US /ˌʌndərˈɡraʊnd/

adjectiveA2

under the surface of the groundvolume_up

an underground bunker/tunnelvolume_up

adverbA2

under the surface of the groundvolume_up

Rescuers found victims trapped several feet underground.volume_up

understand (verb)

UK /ˌʌndəˈstænd/US /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

verbA1

to know or realize the meaning of words, a language, what somebody says, etc.volume_up

Can you understand French?volume_up

understanding (noun)

UK /ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ/US /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

nounA2

the knowledge that somebody has about a particular subject or situationvolume_up

Students will gain a broad understanding of the workings of Parliament.volume_up

underwear (noun)

UK /ˈʌndəweə(r)/US /ˈʌndərwer/

nounB1

clothes that you wear under other clothes and next to the skinvolume_up

I never wear underwear.volume_up

unemployed (adjective)

UK /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/US /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/

adjectiveB1

without a job although able to workvolume_up

How long have you been unemployed?volume_up

unemployment (noun)

UK /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/US /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/

nounB1

the fact of a number of people not having a job; the number of people without a jobvolume_up

an area of high/low unemploymentvolume_up

unexpected (adjective)

UK /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/US /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/

adjectiveB2

if something is unexpected, it surprises you because you were not expecting itvolume_up

Things took an unexpected turn.volume_up

unfair (adjective)

UK /ˌʌnˈfeə(r)/US /ˌʌnˈfer/

adjectiveB1

not right or fair according to a set of rules or principles; not treating people equallyvolume_up

They had been given an unfair advantage.volume_up

unfortunately (adverb)

UK /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/US /ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

adverbA2

used to say that a particular situation or fact makes you sad or disappointed, or gets you into a difficult positionvolume_up

I won't be able to attend the meeting.volume_up

unhappy (adjective)

UK /ʌnˈhæpi/US /ʌnˈhæpi/

adjectiveA2

not happy; sadvolume_up

to feel/look/seem/sound/become unhappyvolume_up

uniform (noun)

UK /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/US /ˈjuːnɪfɔːrm/

nounA2

the special set of clothes worn by all members of an organization or a group at work, or by children at schoolvolume_up

The hat is part of the school uniform.volume_up

union (noun)

UK /ˈjuːniən/US /ˈjuːniən/

nounB1

an organization of workers, usually in a particular industry, that exists to protect their interests, improve conditions of work, etc.volume_up

I've joined the union.volume_up

unique (adjective)

UK /juˈniːk/US /juˈniːk/

adjectiveB2

being the only one of its kindvolume_up

Everyone's fingerprints are unique.volume_up

unit (noun)

UK /ˈjuːnɪt/US /ˈjuːnɪt/

nounA2

a single thing, person or group that is complete by itself but can also form part of something largervolume_up

After 1946 the British Government treated the four territorial divisions as a single unit.volume_up

united (adjective)

UK /juˈnaɪtɪd/US /juˈnaɪtɪd/

adjectiveA2

joined together as a political unit or by shared aimsvolume_up

the United States of Americavolume_up

universe (noun)

UK /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/US /ˈjuːnɪvɜːrs/

nounB2

the whole of space and everything in it, including the earth, the planets and the starsvolume_up

Could there be intelligent life elsewhere in the universe?volume_up

university (noun)

UK /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/US /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsəti/

nounA1

an institution at the highest level of education where you can study for a degree or do researchvolume_up

Is there a university in this town?volume_up

unknown (adjective)

UK /ˌʌnˈnəʊn/US /ˌʌnˈnəʊn/

adjectiveB2

not known or identifiedvolume_up

A previously unknown group claimed responsibility for the bombing.volume_up

unless (conjunction)

UK /ənˈles/US /ənˈles/

conjunctionB1

used to say that something can only happen or be true in a particular situationvolume_up

You won't get paid for time off unless you have a doctor's note.volume_up

unlike (preposition)

UK /ˌʌnˈlaɪk/US /ˌʌnˈlaɪk/

prepositionB1

different from a particular person or thingvolume_up

Music is quite unlike any other art form.volume_up

unlikely (adjective)

UK /ʌnˈlaɪkli/US /ʌnˈlaɪkli/

adjectiveB1

not likely to happen; not probablevolume_up

The project seemed unlikely to succeed.volume_up

unnecessary (adjective)

UK /ʌnˈnesəsəri/US /ʌnˈnesəseri/

adjectiveB1

not needed; more than is neededvolume_up

They were found guilty of causing unnecessary suffering to animals.volume_up

unpleasant (adjective)

UK /ʌnˈpleznt/US /ʌnˈpleznt/

adjectiveB1

not pleasant or comfortablevolume_up

an unpleasant experience/surprise/taskvolume_up

until (conjunction, preposition)

UK /ənˈtɪl/US /ənˈtɪl/

conjunctionA1

up to the point in time or the event mentionedvolume_up

Let's wait until the rain stops.volume_up

prepositionA1

up to the point in time or the event mentionedvolume_up

Let's wait until the rain stops.volume_up

unusual (adjective)

UK /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/US /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/

adjectiveA2

different from what is usual or normalvolume_up

The case is highly unusual.volume_up

up (preposition)

UK /ʌp/US /ʌp/

adverbA1

towards or in a higher positionvolume_up

He jumped up from his chair.volume_up

prepositionA1

to or in a higher position somewherevolume_up

She climbed up the flight of steps.volume_up

update (verb)

UK /ˌʌpˈdeɪt/US /ˌʌpˈdeɪt/

nounB1

a report or broadcast that gives the most recent information about something; a new version of something containing the most recent informationvolume_up

They will send you regular updates by email.volume_up

verbB1

to make something more modern by adding new parts, etc.volume_up

an updated version of the appvolume_up

upon (preposition)

UK /əˈpɒn/US /əˈpɑːn/

upper (adjective)

UK /ˈʌpə(r)/US /ˈʌpər/

adjectiveB2

located above something else, especially something of the same type or the other of a pairvolume_up

her upper lipvolume_up

upset (verb)

UK /ʌpˈset/US /ʌpˈset/

adjectiveB1

unhappy or disappointed because of something unpleasant that has happenedvolume_up

I understand how upset you must be feeling.volume_up

verbB1

to make somebody/yourself feel unhappy, anxious or annoyedvolume_up

This decision is likely to upset a lot of people.volume_up

upstairs (adverb)

UK /ˌʌpˈsteəz/US /ˌʌpˈsterz/

adjectiveA2

on a floor of a house or other building that is higher than the one that you are onvolume_up

an upstairs room/window/bathroomvolume_up

adverbA1

up the stairs; on or to a floor of a house or other building higher than the one that you are onvolume_up

to run/walk/head upstairsvolume_up

upwards (adverb)

UK /ˈʌpwədz/US /ˈʌpwərdz/

adverbB2

towards a higher place or positionvolume_up

Place your hands on the table with the palms facing upwards.volume_up

urban (adjective)

UK /ˈɜːbən/US /ˈɜːrbən/

adjectiveB2

connected with a town or cityvolume_up

urban and rural communitiesvolume_up

urge (verb)

UK /ɜːdʒ/US /ɜːrdʒ/

verbB2

to advise or try hard to persuade somebody to do somethingvolume_up

I strongly urge you to do so.volume_up

us (pronoun)

UK /əs/US /əs/

pronounA1

used when the speaker or writer and another or others are the object of a verb or preposition, or after the verb bevolume_up

She gave us a picture as a wedding present.volume_up

use (verb)

UK /juːz/US /juːz/

nounA2

the act of using something; the state of being usedvolume_up

A ban was imposed on the use of chemical weapons.volume_up

verbA1

to do something with a machine, a method, an object, etc. for a particular purposevolume_up

Can I use the photocopier?volume_up

used (adjective)

UK /juːst/US /juːst/

adjectiveB1

familiar with something because you do it or experience it oftenvolume_up

I'm not used to eating so much at lunchtime.volume_up

used to (modal verb)

UK /ˈjuːst tə/US /ˈjuːst tə/

modal verbA2

used to say that something happened continuously or frequently during a period in the pastvolume_up

I used to live in London.volume_up

useful (adjective)

UK /ˈjuːsfl/US /ˈjuːsfl/

adjectiveA1

that can help you to do or achieve what you wantvolume_up

a useful toolvolume_up

user (noun)

UK /ˈjuːzə(r)/US /ˈjuːzər/

nounA2

a person or thing that uses somethingvolume_up

road usersvolume_up

usual (adjective)

UK /ˈjuːʒuəl/US /ˈjuːʒuəl/

adjectiveA2

that happens or is done most of the time or in most casesvolume_up

This is the usual way of doing it.volume_up

usually (adverb)

UK /ˈjuːʒuəli/US /ˈjuːʒuəli/

adverbA1

in the way that is usual or normal; most oftenvolume_up

How long does the journey usually take?volume_up

vacation (noun)

UK /veɪˈkeɪʃn/US /veɪˈkeɪʃn/

nounA1

a period of time spent travelling or resting away from homevolume_up

They're on vacation in Hawaii right now.volume_up

valley (noun)

UK /ˈvæli/US /ˈvæli/

nounA2

an area of low land between hills or mountains, often with a river flowing through it; the land that a river flows throughvolume_up

In the valley below cows were grazing peacefully.volume_up

valuable (adjective)

UK /ˈvæljuəbl/US /ˈvæljuəbl/

adjectiveB1

worth a lot of moneyvolume_up

My home is my most valuable asset.volume_up

value (verb)

UK /ˈvæljuː/US /ˈvæljuː/

nounB1

how much something is worth in money or other goods for which it can be exchangedvolume_up

to go up/rise/increase in valuevolume_up

verbB2

to think that somebody/something is importantvolume_up

He has come to value her advice and support.volume_up

van (noun)

UK /væn/US /væn/

nounA2

a covered vehicle with no side windows in its back half, usually smaller than a lorry, used for carrying goods or peoplevolume_up

the driver of a white vanvolume_up

variety (noun)

UK /vəˈraɪəti/US /vəˈraɪəti/

nounA2

several different sorts of the same thingvolume_up

There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.volume_up

various (adjective)

UK /ˈveəriəs/US /ˈveriəs/

adjectiveB1

several differentvolume_up

various types/forms/kinds of somebody/somethingvolume_up

vary (verb)

UK /ˈveəri/US /ˈveri/

verbB2

to be different from each other in size, shape, etc.volume_up

New techniques were introduced with varying degrees of success.volume_up

vast (adjective)

UK /vɑːst/US /væst/

adjectiveB2

extremely large in area, size, amount, etc.volume_up

a vast area of forestvolume_up

vegetable (noun)

UK /ˈvedʒtəbl/US /ˈvedʒtəbl/

nounA1

a plant or part of a plant that is eaten as food. Potatoes, beans and onions are all vegetables.volume_up

The children don't eat enough fresh vegetables.volume_up

vehicle (noun)

UK /ˈviːəkl/US /ˈviːəkl/

nounA2

a thing that is used for transporting people or goods from one place to another, such as a car or lorryvolume_up

motor vehicles (= cars, buses, lorries, etc.)volume_up

venue (noun)

UK /ˈvenjuː/US /ˈvenjuː/

nounB2

a place where people meet for an organized event, for example a concert, sporting event or conferencevolume_up

The band will be playing at 20 different venues on their UK tour.volume_up

version (noun)

UK /ˈvɜːʃn/US /ˈvɜːrʒn/

nounB1

a form of something that is slightly different from an earlier form or from other forms of the same thingvolume_up

the latest version of the software packagevolume_up

very (adverb)

UK /ˈveri/US /ˈveri/

adjectiveB2

used to emphasize that you are talking about a particular thing or person and not about anothervolume_up

He might be phoning her at this very moment.volume_up

adverbA1

used before adjectives, adverbs and determiners to mean ‘in a high degree’ or ‘extremely’volume_up

Very few people know that.volume_up

via (preposition)

UK /ˈvaɪə/US /ˈvaɪə/

prepositionB2

through a placevolume_up

We flew home via Dubai.volume_up

victim (noun)

UK /ˈvɪktɪm/US /ˈvɪktɪm/

nounB1

a person who has been attacked, injured or killed as the result of a crime, a disease, an accident, etc.volume_up

shooting/murder victimsvolume_up

victory (noun)

UK /ˈvɪktəri/US /ˈvɪktəri/

nounB2

success in a game, an election, a war, etc.volume_up

to win a narrow victoryvolume_up

video (noun)

UK /ˈvɪdiəʊ/US /ˈvɪdiəʊ/

nounA1

a system of recording moving pictures and sound, either using a digital method of storing data or (in the past) using videotapevolume_up

A wedding is the perfect subject for video.volume_up

view (verb)

UK /vjuː/US /vjuː/

nounA2

what you can see from a particular place or position, especially beautiful countrysidevolume_up

There were magnificent views of the surrounding countryside.volume_up

verbB1

to think about somebody/something in a particular wayvolume_up

How do you view your position within the company?volume_up

viewer (noun)

UK /ˈvjuːə(r)/US /ˈvjuːər/

nounB1

a person watching television or a video on the internetvolume_up

The programme attracted millions of viewers.volume_up

village (noun)

UK /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/US /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/

nounA1

a very small town located in a country areavolume_up

We visited towns and villages all over Spain.volume_up

violence (noun)

UK /ˈvaɪələns/US /ˈvaɪələns/

nounB2

violent behaviour that is intended to hurt or kill somebodyvolume_up

Police do not think this killing was a random act of violence.volume_up

violent (adjective)

UK /ˈvaɪələnt/US /ˈvaɪələnt/

adjectiveB1

involving or caused by physical force that is intended to hurt or kill somebodyvolume_up

violent crime/criminalsvolume_up

virtual (adjective)

UK /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/US /ˈvɜːrtʃuəl/

adjectiveB2

made to appear to exist by the use of computer software, for example on the internetvolume_up

a system to help programmers create virtual environmentsvolume_up

virus (noun)

UK /ˈvaɪrəs/US /ˈvaɪrəs/

nounA2

a living thing, too small to be seen without a microscope, that causes disease in people, animals and plantsvolume_up

the flu/influenza virusvolume_up

vision (noun)

UK /ˈvɪʒn/US /ˈvɪʒn/

nounB2

the ability to see; the area that you can see from a particular positionvolume_up

to have good/perfect/poor/blurred/normal visionvolume_up

visit (verb)

UK /ˈvɪzɪt/US /ˈvɪzɪt/

nounA1

an occasion or a period of time when somebody goes to see a place or person and spends time therevolume_up

a two-day/three-day visitvolume_up

verbA1

to go to see a person or a place for a period of timevolume_up

My parents are coming to visit me next week.volume_up

visitor (noun)

UK /ˈvɪzɪtə(r)/US /ˈvɪzɪtər/

nounA1

a person who visits a person or placevolume_up

We've got visitors coming this weekend.volume_up

visual (adjective)

UK /ˈvɪʒuəl/US /ˈvɪʒuəl/

adjectiveB2

of or connected with seeing or sightvolume_up

the visual artsvolume_up

vital (adjective)

UK /ˈvaɪtl/US /ˈvaɪtl/

adjectiveB2

necessary or essential in order for something to succeed or existvolume_up

the vitamins that are vital for healthvolume_up

vitamin (noun)

UK /ˈvɪtəmɪn/US /ˈvaɪtəmɪn/

nounB2

a natural substance found in food that is an essential part of what humans and animals need to help them grow and stay healthy. There are many different vitamins.volume_up

vitamin A/B/D/Evolume_up

voice (noun)

UK /vɔɪs/US /vɔɪs/

nounA2

the sound or sounds produced through the mouth by a person speaking or singingvolume_up

I could hear voices in the next room.volume_up

volume (noun)

UK /ˈvɒljuːm/US /ˈvɑːljəm/

nounB2

the amount of space that an object or a substance fills; the amount of space that a container hasvolume_up

How do you measure the volume of a gas?volume_up

volunteer (verb)

UK /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/US /ˌvɑːlənˈtɪr/

nounB1

a person who does a job without being paid for itvolume_up

Schools need volunteers to help children to read.volume_up

verbB1

to offer to do something without being forced to do it or without getting paid for itvolume_up

He has been volunteering for 11 years now.volume_up

vote (verb)

UK /vəʊt/US /vəʊt/

nounB1

a formal choice that you make in an election or at a meeting in order to choose somebody or decide somethingvolume_up

to win/lose votesvolume_up

verbB1

to show formally by marking a paper, raising your hand, using a voting machine, etc. which person you want to win an election, or which plan or idea you supportvolume_up

How did you vote at the last election?volume_up

wage (noun)

UK /weɪdʒ/US /weɪdʒ/

nounB2

a regular amount of money that you earn, usually every week or every month, for work or servicesvolume_up

wages of £300 a weekvolume_up

wait (verb)

UK /weɪt/US /weɪt/

nounA2

an act of waiting; an amount of time waitedvolume_up

The wait seemed interminable.volume_up

verbA1

to stay where you are or delay doing something until somebody/something comes or something happensvolume_up

She rang the bell and waited.volume_up

waiter (noun)

UK /ˈweɪtə(r)/US /ˈweɪtər/

nounA1

a man whose job is to serve customers at their tables in a restaurant, etc.volume_up

I'll ask the waiter for the bill.volume_up

wake (verb)

UK /weɪk/US /weɪk/

verbA1

to stop sleeping; to make somebody stop sleepingvolume_up

I always wake early in the summer.volume_up

walk (verb)

UK /wɔːk/US /wɔːk/

nounA1

a journey on foot, usually for pleasure or exercisevolume_up

Let's go for a walk.volume_up

verbA1

to move or go somewhere by putting one foot in front of the other on the ground, but without runningvolume_up

The baby is just learning to walk.volume_up

wall (noun)

UK /wɔːl/US /wɔːl/

nounA1

a long, solid structure that rises straight up from the ground, made of stone, brick or concrete, that surrounds, divides or protects an area of landvolume_up

to build a wallvolume_up

want (verb)

UK /wɒnt/US /wɑːnt/

verbA1

to have a desire or a wish for something/somebodyvolume_up

Do you want some more tea?volume_up

war (noun)

UK /wɔː(r)/US /wɔːr/

nounA2

a situation in which two or more countries or groups of people fight against each other over a period of timevolume_up

the Second World Warvolume_up

warm (verb)

UK /wɔːm/US /wɔːrm/

adjectiveA1

at a fairly high temperature in a way that is pleasant, rather than being hot or coldvolume_up

warm weather/temperatures/airvolume_up

verbB1

to make something/somebody warm or warmer; to become warm or warmervolume_up

Come in and warm yourself by the fire.volume_up

warn (verb)

UK /wɔːn/US /wɔːrn/

verbB1

to tell somebody about something, especially something dangerous or unpleasant that is likely to happen, so that they can avoid itvolume_up

I tried to warn him, but he wouldn't listen.volume_up

warning (noun)

UK /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/US /ˈwɔːrnɪŋ/

nounB1

a statement, an event, etc. telling somebody that something bad or unpleasant may happen in the future so that they can try to avoid itvolume_up

I had absolutely no warning.volume_up

wash (verb)

UK /wɒʃ/US /wɑːʃ/

nounA2

an act of cleaning somebody/something using water and usually soapvolume_up

These towels are ready for a wash.volume_up

verbA1

to make something/somebody clean using water and usually soapvolume_up

These jeans need washing.volume_up

washing (noun)

UK /ˈwɒʃɪŋ/US /ˈwɑːʃɪŋ/

nounA2

the act of cleaning something using water and usually soapvolume_up

a gentle shampoo for frequent washingvolume_up

waste (verb)

UK /weɪst/US /weɪst/

adjectiveB1

no longer needed for a particular process and therefore thrown awayvolume_up

the disposal of waste materialvolume_up

nounB1

the act of using something in a careless or unnecessary way, causing it to be lost or destroyedvolume_up

I hate unnecessary waste.volume_up

verbB1

to use more of something than is necessary or usefulvolume_up

Stop wasting time and just get on with it!volume_up

watch (verb)

UK /wɒtʃ/US /wɑːtʃ/

nounA1

a type of small clock that you wear on your wrist, or (in the past) carried in your pocketvolume_up

She kept looking anxiously at her watch.volume_up

verbA1

to look at somebody/something for a time, paying attention to what happensvolume_up

I was in the living room, watching TV.volume_up

water (verb)

UK /ˈwɔːtə(r)/US /ˈwɔːtər/

nounA1

a liquid without colour, smell or taste that falls as rain, is in lakes, rivers and seas, and is used for drinking, washing, etc.volume_up

a glass of watervolume_up

verbB1

to pour water on plants, etc.volume_up

to water the plants/gardenvolume_up

wave (verb)

UK /weɪv/US /weɪv/

nounA2

a raised line of water that moves across the surface of the sea, ocean, etc.volume_up

Huge waves were breaking on the shore.volume_up

verbB1

to move your hand or arm from side to side in the air in order to attract attention, say hello, etc.volume_up

The people on the bus waved and we waved back.volume_up

way (noun)

UK /weɪ/US /weɪ/

adverbB2

very far; by a large amountvolume_up

She finished the race way ahead of the other runners.volume_up

nounA1

a method, style or manner of doing somethingvolume_up

I prefer to do things the easy way.volume_up

we (pronoun)

UK /wi/US /wi/

pronounA1

I and another person or other people; I and youvolume_up

We've moved to Atlanta.volume_up

weak (adjective)

UK /wiːk/US /wiːk/

adjectiveA2

not physically strongvolume_up

She is still weak after her illness.volume_up

weakness (noun)

UK /ˈwiːknəs/US /ˈwiːknəs/

nounB2

lack of physical strengthvolume_up

The disease causes progressive muscle weakness.volume_up

wealth (noun)

UK /welθ/US /welθ/

nounB2

a large amount of money, property, etc. that a person or country ownsvolume_up

the desire to gain wealth and powervolume_up

wealthy (adjective)

UK /ˈwelθi/US /ˈwelθi/

adjectiveB2

having a lot of money, possessions, etc.volume_up

a wealthy businessman/individual/familyvolume_up

weapon (noun)

UK /ˈwepən/US /ˈwepən/

nounB1

an object such as a knife, gun, bomb, etc. that is used for fighting or attacking somebodyvolume_up

Modern nuclear weapons are much more destructive than either biological or chemical weapons.volume_up

wear (verb)

UK /weə(r)/US /wer/

verbA1

to have something on your body as a piece of clothing, a decoration, etc.volume_up

He was wearing a new suit.volume_up

weather (noun)

UK /ˈweðə(r)/US /ˈweðər/

nounA1

the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time, such as the temperature, and if there is wind, rain, sun, etc.volume_up

cold/hot/warm/wet/dry weathervolume_up

web (noun)

UK /web/US /web/

nounA2

a system for finding information on the internet, in which documents are connected to other documentsvolume_up

to surf/browse/search the webvolume_up

website (noun)

UK /ˈwebsaɪt/US /ˈwebsaɪt/

nounA1

a set of pages on the internet, where a company or an organization, or an individual person, puts informationvolume_up

For current prices please visit our website.volume_up

wedding (noun)

UK /ˈwedɪŋ/US /ˈwedɪŋ/

nounA2

a marriage ceremony, and the meal or party that usually follows itvolume_up

I dreamed of having a big wedding, with all my family and friends.volume_up

wednesday (noun)

UK /ˈwenzdeɪ/US /ˈwenzdeɪ/

nounA1

the day of the week after Tuesday and before Thursdayvolume_up

It's Wednesday today, isn't it?volume_up

week (noun)

UK /wiːk/US /wiːk/

nounA1

a period of seven days, either from Monday to Sunday or from Sunday to Saturdayvolume_up

last/this/next weekvolume_up

weekend (noun)

UK /ˌwiːkˈend/US /ˈwiːkend/

nounA1

Saturday and Sundayvolume_up

this/next/last weekendvolume_up

weigh (verb)

UK /weɪ/US /weɪ/

verbB1

to have a particular weightvolume_up

How much do you weigh (= how heavy are you)?volume_up

weight (noun)

UK /weɪt/US /weɪt/

nounA2

how heavy somebody/something is, which can be measured in, for example, kilograms or poundsvolume_up

It is about 76 kilos in weight.volume_up

welcome (verb)

UK /ˈwelkəm/US /ˈwelkəm/

adjectiveA1

accepted or wanted somewherevolume_up

I'll go, then. I know when I'm not welcome.volume_up

exclamationA1

used as a greeting to tell somebody that you are pleased that they are therevolume_up

Welcome home!volume_up

nounA2

something that you do or say to somebody when they arrive, especially something that makes them feel you are happy to see themvolume_up

to get/receive a welcomevolume_up

verbA1

to say hello to somebody in a friendly way when they arrive somewherevolume_up

They were at the door to welcome us.volume_up

well (noun)

UK /wel/US /wel/

adjectiveA1

in good healthvolume_up

I don't feel very well.volume_up

adverbA1

in a good, right or acceptable wayvolume_up

They played well in the tournament.volume_up

exclamationA1

used to express surprise, anger or reliefvolume_up

Well, well—I would never have guessed it!volume_up

nounC1

a deep hole in the ground from which people obtain water. The sides of wells are usually covered with brick or stone and there is usually a cover or a small wall at the top of the well.volume_up

to dig/sink a wellvolume_up

west (noun)

UK /west/US /west/

adjectiveA1

in or towards the westvolume_up

West Africavolume_up

adverbA1

towards the westvolume_up

This room faces west.volume_up

nounA1

the direction that you look towards to see the sun go down; one of the four main points of the compassvolume_up

Which way is west?volume_up

western (adjective)

UK /ˈwestən/US /ˈwestərn/

adjectiveB1

located in the west or facing westvolume_up

western Spainvolume_up

wet (adjective)

UK /wet/US /wet/

adjectiveA2

covered with or containing liquid, especially watervolume_up

wet clothes/hair/grassvolume_up

what (pronoun, determiner)

UK /wɒt/US /wʌt/

determinerA1

used in questions to ask for particular information about somebody/somethingvolume_up

What is your name?volume_up

pronounA1

used in questions to ask for particular information about somebody/somethingvolume_up

What is your name?volume_up

whatever (determiner, pronoun)

UK /wɒtˈevə(r)/US /wətˈevər/

adverbC1

not at all; not of any kindvolume_up

They received no help whatever.volume_up

determinerB1

any or every; anything or everythingvolume_up

Take whatever action is needed.volume_up

pronounB1

any or every; anything or everythingvolume_up

Take whatever action is needed.volume_up

wheel (noun)

UK /wiːl/US /wiːl/

nounA2

one of the round objects under a car, bicycle, bus, etc. that turns when it movesvolume_up

He braked suddenly, causing the front wheels to skid.volume_up

when (pronoun)

UK /wen/US /wen/

adverbA1

at what time; on what occasionvolume_up

When did you last see him?volume_up

conjunctionA1

at or during the time thatvolume_up

I loved history when I was at school.volume_up

pronounA1

what/which timevolume_up

Until when can you stay?volume_up

whenever (conjunction)

UK /wenˈevə(r)/US /wenˈevər/

conjunctionB1

at any time that; on any occasion thatvolume_up

You can ask for help whenever you need it.volume_up

where (conjunction)

UK /weə(r)/US /wer/

adverbA1

in or to what place or situationvolume_up

Where do you live?volume_up

conjunctionA1

(in) the place or situation in whichvolume_up

This is where I live.volume_up

whereas (conjunction)

UK /ˌweərˈæz/US /ˌwerˈæz/

conjunctionB2

used to compare or contrast two factsvolume_up

Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.volume_up

wherever (conjunction)

UK /weərˈevə(r)/US /werˈevər/

conjunctionB2

in any placevolume_up

Sit wherever you like.volume_up

whether (conjunction)

UK /ˈweðə(r)/US /ˈweðər/

conjunctionB1

used to express a doubt or choice between two possibilitiesvolume_up

He seemed undecided whether to go or stay.volume_up

which (pronoun, determiner)

UK /wɪtʃ/US /wɪtʃ/

determinerA1

used in questions to ask somebody to be exact about one or more people or things from a limited numbervolume_up

Which is better exercise—swimming or tennis?volume_up

pronounA1

used in questions to ask somebody to be exact about one or more people or things from a limited numbervolume_up

Which is better exercise—swimming or tennis?volume_up

while (noun)

UK /waɪl/US /waɪl/

conjunctionA2

during the time that something is happening; at the same time as something else is happeningvolume_up

We must have been burgled while we were asleep.volume_up

nounB1

a period of timevolume_up

I only stayed for a short while.volume_up

whisper (verb)

UK /ˈwɪspə(r)/US /ˈwɪspər/

nounB2

a low, quiet voice or the sound it makesvolume_up

in a whisper, ‘I love you,’ he said in a whisper.volume_up

verbB2

to speak very quietly to somebody so that other people cannot hear what you are sayingvolume_up

Don't you know it's rude to whisper?volume_up

white (noun)

UK /waɪt/US /waɪt/

adjectiveA1

having the colour of fresh snow or of milkvolume_up

a crisp white shirtvolume_up

nounA1

the colour of fresh snow or of milkvolume_up

various shades of whitevolume_up

who (pronoun)

UK /huː/US /huː/

pronounA1

used in questions to ask about the name, identity or function of one or more peoplevolume_up

Who is that woman?volume_up

whole (noun)

UK /həʊl/US /həʊl/

adjectiveA2

full; completevolume_up

Let's forget the whole thing.volume_up

nounB1

all that there is of somethingvolume_up

The scheme would cover the whole of the UK.volume_up

whom (pronoun)

UK /huːm/US /huːm/

pronounB2

used instead of ‘who’ as the object of a verb or prepositionvolume_up

Whom did they invite?volume_up

whose (determiner, pronoun)

UK /huːz/US /huːz/

determinerA2

used in questions to ask who something belongs tovolume_up

Whose house is that?volume_up

pronounA2

used in questions to ask who something belongs tovolume_up

Whose house is that?volume_up

why (adverb)

UK /waɪ/US /waɪ/

adverbA1

used in questions to ask the reason for or purpose of somethingvolume_up

Why were you late?volume_up

wide (adjective)

UK /waɪd/US /waɪd/

adjectiveA2

measuring a large distance from one side to the othervolume_up

It's a wide, fast-flowing river.volume_up

widely (adverb)

UK /ˈwaɪdli/US /ˈwaɪdli/

adverbB2

by a lot of people; in or to many placesvolume_up

The term is widely used in everyday speech.volume_up

wife (noun)

UK /waɪf/US /waɪf/

nounA1

the woman that somebody is married to; a married womanvolume_up

I met my wife at university.volume_up

wild (adjective)

UK /waɪld/US /waɪld/

adjectiveA2

living or growing in natural conditions; not kept in a house or on a farmvolume_up

wild animals/birds/flowersvolume_up

wildlife (noun)

UK /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/US /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/

nounB2

animals, birds, insects, etc. that are wild and live in a natural environmentvolume_up

policies designed to protect wildlifevolume_up

will (modal verb)

UK /wɪl/US /wɪl/

nounB1

the ability to control your thoughts and actions in order to achieve what you want to do; a strong and determined desire to do something that you want to dovolume_up

to have a strong willvolume_up

modal verbA1

used for talking about or predicting the futurevolume_up

You'll be in time if you hurry.volume_up

willing (adjective)

UK /ˈwɪlɪŋ/US /ˈwɪlɪŋ/

adjectiveB2

not objecting to doing something; having no reason for not doing somethingvolume_up

Many consumers are willing to pay more for organic foodvolume_up

win (verb)

UK /wɪn/US /wɪn/

nounB1

a victory in a game, contest, etc.volume_up

two wins and three defeatsvolume_up

verbA1

to be the most successful in a competition, race, battle, etc.volume_up

Which team won?volume_up

wind (verb)

UK /waɪnd/US /waɪnd/

verbB2

to have many bends and twistsvolume_up

The path wound down to the beach.volume_up

window (noun)

UK /ˈwɪndəʊ/US /ˈwɪndəʊ/

nounA1

an opening in the wall or roof of a building, car, etc., usually covered with glass, that allows light and air to come in and people to see out; the glass in a windowvolume_up

She looked out of the window.volume_up

wine (noun)

UK /waɪn/US /waɪn/

nounA1

an alcoholic drink made from the juice of grapes that has been left to ferment. There are many different kinds of wine.volume_up

sparkling winevolume_up

wing (noun)

UK /wɪŋ/US /wɪŋ/

nounB1

one of the parts of the body of a bird, insect or bat that it uses for flyingvolume_up

The swan flapped its wings noisily.volume_up

winner (noun)

UK /ˈwɪnə(r)/US /ˈwɪnər/

nounA2

a person, a team, an animal, etc. that wins somethingvolume_up

The lucky winner gets an all-expenses-paid trip to Sydney.volume_up

winter (noun)

UK /ˈwɪntə(r)/US /ˈwɪntər/

nounA1

the coldest season of the year, between autumn and springvolume_up

a cold/mild/harsh wintervolume_up

wire (noun)

UK /ˈwaɪə(r)/US /ˈwaɪər/

nounB2

metal in the form of thin thread; a piece of thisvolume_up

a coil of copper wirevolume_up

wise (adjective)

UK /waɪz/US /waɪz/

adjectiveB2

able to make sensible decisions and give good advice because of the experience and knowledge that you havevolume_up

a wise manvolume_up

wish (verb)

UK /wɪʃ/US /wɪʃ/

nounA2

used especially in a letter, email or card to say that you hope that somebody will be happy, well or successfulvolume_up

Give my good wishes to the family.volume_up

verbA2

to want something to happen or to be true even though it is unlikely or impossiblevolume_up

I wish I were taller.volume_up

with (preposition)

UK /wɪð/US /wɪð/

prepositionA1

in the company or presence of somebody/somethingvolume_up

She lives with her parents.volume_up

within (preposition)

UK /wɪˈðɪn/US /wɪˈðɪn/

prepositionB1

before a particular period of time has passed; during a particular period of timevolume_up

You should receive a reply within seven days.volume_up

without (preposition)

UK /wɪˈðaʊt/US /wɪˈðaʊt/

prepositionA1

not having, experiencing or showing somethingvolume_up

They had gone two days without food.volume_up

witness (verb)

UK /ˈwɪtnəs/US /ˈwɪtnəs/

nounB2

a person who sees something happen and is able to describe it to other peoplevolume_up

He failed to interview a key witness.volume_up

verbB2

to see something happen (typically a crime or an accident)volume_up

to witness an accident/a murder/an attackvolume_up

woman (noun)

UK /ˈwʊmən/US /ˈwʊmən/

nounA1

an adult female humanvolume_up

a 54-year-old womanvolume_up

wonder (verb)

UK /ˈwʌndə(r)/US /ˈwʌndər/

nounB1

a feeling of surprise and pleasure that you have when you see or experience something beautiful, unusual or unexpectedvolume_up

He retained a childlike sense of wonder.volume_up

verbB1

to think about something and try to decide what is true, what will happen, what you should do, etc.volume_up

‘Why do you want to know?’ ‘No particular reason. I was just wondering.’volume_up

wonderful (adjective)

UK /ˈwʌndəfl/US /ˈwʌndərfl/

adjectiveA1

very good, pleasant or a lot of funvolume_up

This is a wonderful opportunity to invest in new markets.volume_up

wood (noun)

UK /wʊd/US /wʊd/

nounA2

the hard material that the trunk and branches of a tree are made of; this material when it is used to build or make things with, or as a fuelvolume_up

He chopped some wood for the fire.volume_up

wooden (adjective)

UK /ˈwʊdn/US /ˈwʊdn/

adjectiveA2

made of woodvolume_up

a wooden box/door/floorvolume_up

wool (noun)

UK /wʊl/US /wʊl/

nounB1

the soft hair that covers the body of sheep and some other animalsvolume_up

Sheep were kept for their wool and meat.volume_up

word (noun)